Exploring Logical Intuition in Base-Rate Problems Using the Instructional Manipulation Paradigm.

The default-interventionist model of dual-process theories proposes that stereotype descriptions in base-rate problems are processed using Type 1 processing, while the evaluation of base rates depends on Type 2 processing. The logical intuition view posits that people can process base-rate information using Type 1 processing. This study examined the logical intuition view using the instructional manipulation paradigm.

Probabilistic Representation Differences between Decisions from Description and Decisions from Experience.

For mathematically identical risky decisions, different choices can be made depending on whether information about outcomes and their probabilities is learned by description or by experience, known as the description-experience gap. However, it is unclear whether different ways of obtaining information lead to different representation forms of probability, resulting in a description-experience gap. The current study investigates the representation formats of the alternative options' probability for decisions from description and decisions from experience.

Multi-field-driven optomechanical entanglement.

Cavity optomechanical (COM) entanglement, playing an essential role in building quantum networks and enhancing quantum sensors, is usually weak and easily destroyed by noises. As feasible and effective ways to overcome this obstacle, optical or mechanical parametric modulations have been used to improve the quality of quantum squeezing or entanglement in various COM systems. However, the possibility of combining these powerful means to enhance COM entanglement has yet to be explored.

Efficient Underground Tunnel Place Recognition Algorithm Based on Farthest Point Subsampling and Dual-Attention Transformer.

An autonomous place recognition system is essential for scenarios where GPS is useless, such as underground tunnels. However, it is difficult to use existing algorithms to fully utilize the small number of effective features in underground tunnel data, and recognition accuracy is difficult to guarantee. In order to solve this challenge, an efficient point cloud position recognition algorithm, named Dual-Attention Transformer Network (DAT-Net), is proposed in this paper.

Conflict detection and base-rate extremity.

People tend to ignore the probabilistic rules cued by the base-rate information and rely on the heuristic intuition cued by the descriptive information to make "stereotypical" responses in base-rate problems. Conflict detection studies have shown that reasoners can detect conflicts between heuristic intuition and probabilistic considerations despite ultimately stereotypical responses. However, these studies primarily used extreme base-rate tasks.

High-resolution reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now become the best modality for the preoperative staging of cervical cancer. This study was to compare the value of high-resolution reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted MR imaging (r-FOV DWI) with conventional field-of-view (c-FOV DWI) in the diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Methods: Forty-five patients (25 patients with cervical cancer and 20 patients with normal cervix) received magnetic resonance (MR) scans (3.

Conflict Detection in Moderate Base-Rate Tasks: A Multi-Measure Study.

Empirical studies have found that although humans often rely on heuristic intuition to make stereotypical judgments during extreme base-rate tasks, they can at least detect conflicts between stereotypical and base-rate responses, which supports the dual-processing view of flawless conflict detection. The current study combines the conflict detection paradigm with moderate base-rate tasks of different scales to test the generalization and boundaries of flawless conflict detection. After controlling for possible confounding by the "storage failure" factor, the conflict detection results indicated that reasoners providing stereotypical heuristic responses to conflict problems were slower to respond, less confident in their stereotypical responses, and slower to indicate their reduced confidence than reasoners who answered no-conflict problems.

Transarterial Chemoembolization Followed by Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Combined a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for Treatment of Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Objective: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) sequential with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for unresectable large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Patients with HCC size > 70 mm were included. They received 1-3 cycles of TACE and sequential HAIC every 3-6 weeks for 2-6 cycles, with each cycle given over a period of 48 hours (oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/leucovorin).

XperCT facilitates sharp recanalization for the treatment of chronic thoracic venous occlusive disease in hemodialysis patients.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of XperCT combined fluoroscopy to guide sharp recanalization for the treatment of chronic thoracic venous occlusive disease in hemodialysis patients.

Methods: The records of hemodialysis patients with chronic thoracic venous occlusive disease who received endovascular sharp recanalization after conventional techniques failed were retrospectively reviewed. The sharp devices used for recanalization included the stiff end of a guidewire, Chiba biopsy needle, RUPS-100 set, and transseptal needle.

Beneficial effects of preoperative superselective embolization on carotid body tumor surgery: A 13-year single-center experience.

Purpose: This study presented our 13-year experience managing patients with CBTs (carotid body tumors) and was aimed to investigate the impact of pre-TAE (preoperative transarterial embolization) on CBT surgical resection.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 169 surgically excised CBTs between May 2007 and October 2020. According to whether to carry out the pre-TAE, the patients were classified into the embolization (EG) (n = 130) and non-embolization groups (NEG) (n = 39).

Clinical Implications of Phenotypes of Hemodialysis Patients With Central Venous Occlusion or Central Venous Stenosis Defined by Cluster Analysis.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between clinical factors of patients with central (superior vena cava, brachiocephalic, or subclavian) venous occlusion or central venous stenosis (CVO/CVS) and the difficulty of interventional recanalization as well as the duration of postoperative patency.

Methods: A total of 103 hemodialysis patients with CVO/CVS treated with endovascular treatment were enrolled. The two-step cluster analysis was selected to differentiate the cases into distinct phenotypes automatically.

Efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis in the main trunk.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the sixth most prevalent malignancy worldwide. The incidence of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is recorded as high as 10%-60% in HCC patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in advanced HCC patients complicated with PVTT in the main trunk.

Transradial versus Transfemoral Access for Patients with Liver Cancer Undergoing Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy: Patient Experience and Procedural Complications.

Purpose: To determine whether transradial access (TRA) is a more favorable and safe method for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) than transfemoral access (TFA).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective and prospective cohorts of patients with liver cancer were included. Sixty-seven patients in the retrospective cohort were divided into 2 groups: (a) TRA-HAIC (n = 24) and (b) TFA-HAIC (n = 43).

One-year outcomes and predictive factors for primary patency after stent placement for treatment of central venous occlusive disease in hemodialysis patients.

Objective: The study purpose was to determine the outcomes and factors predictive of primary stent patency for the treatment of central venous occlusive disease (CVOD) in hemodialysis patients.

Methods: Data of 71 patients with CVOD treated with stent placement from January 2012 to December 2017 were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with stent patency.

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of hemodynamic changes in a hemodialysis patient with central venous stenosis treated with stent.

Background: It has not been demonstrated that computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to model central venous stenosis (CVS), nor that hemodynamic changes in CVS treated with stent placement can be anticipated. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the hemodynamic performance of CVS patients treated with stent placement.

Methods: Patient-specific geometric models were constructed using computed tomography images of veins from hemodialysis patients treated with stent placement.

Preoperative MRI Classification May Not Predict Symptom Relief after Uterine Artery Embolization in Patients with Adenomyosis.

Objective: To investigate the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification and symptom relief after uterine artery embolization (UAE) in patients with adenomyosis.

Methods: Totally, 73 patients with symptomatic adenomyosis who underwent UAE were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative MRI classification was defined as: type I, high signal on both T2-weighted images (T2WI) and T1-weighted images (T1WI); type III, high signal only on T2WI, and type II, high signal on neither T1WI nor T2WI.

Inhibition of matrix stiffness relating integrin β1 signaling pathway inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in hepatocellular cancer xenografts.

Background: Cancer development is strictly correlated to composition and physical properties of the extracellular matrix. Particularly, a higher matrix stiffness has been demonstrated to promote tumor sustained growth. Our purpose was to explore the role of matrix stiffness in liver cancer development.

Sharp recanalization for treatment of central venous occlusive disease in hemodialysis patients.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of sharp recanalization for central venous occlusive disease (CVOD) in patients requiring hemodialysis.

Methods: Patients with CVOD requiring hemodialysis who had undergone endovascular recanalization using sharp devices, including the stiff end of a guidewire, Chiba needle, or RUS-100 to cross occluded segments after conventional techniques had failed were included. The needle was guided toward a target placed at the opposite end of the occlusion.

The earlier, the better: The beneficial effect of different timepoints of the preoperative transarterial embolization on ameliorating operative blood loss and operative time for carotid body tumors.

Background: To explore the effect of the optimal time interval from preoperative transarterial embolization to surgery of carotid body tumors by analyzing surgery-related indicators.

Methods: This single-center retrospective review included 103 patients and 108 carotid body tumor resections performed between June 2010 and June 2020. All carotid body tumors were divided into three groups based on interval time between transarterial embolization and surgery: 1-day group (G1), 2-day group (G2), and 3-day group (G3).

Comparative analysis of modified Bacon operation and double stapler operation in the treatment of rectal cancer.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of modified Bacon operation and double stapler operation in treating lower rectal cancer.

Methods: A total of 73 patients with lower rectal cancer admitted to the general surgery department of our hospital from March 2016 to March 2017 were selected for the study. According to different operation methods, the patients were divided into an observation group and a control group.

Prognostic value of splenic volume in hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving transarterial chemoembolization.

Background: Liver function is a key determinant for the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). However, establishing robust prognostic indicators for liver insufficiencies and patient survival remains an unmet demand. This retrospective study evaluated the prognostic value of splenic volume (SV) in HCC patients undergoing TACE.

Protein corona-guided tumor targeting therapy via the surface modulation of low molecular weight PEG.

The discovery of protein corona (PC) formed on the surface of nanomaterials has promoted research on PC regulation to guide the biological behavior of nanomaterials in vivo. Different from changing the size, shape, and surface charge of nanoparticles, we propose to control the nature of PC by adjusting the molecular weight of low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (LMW PEG, not more than 1000 Da) on the surface of the particles. After excluding the influence of physicochemical factors of PEGylated gold nanoparticles (GNPs), different proteins on the surface of PEGylated GNPs were separated and identified after incubation with human plasma.