Social phobia and subtypes in the national comorbidity survey-adolescent supplement: prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity.

Objective: Social phobia typically develops during the adolescent years, yet no nationally representative studies in the United States have examined the rates and features of this condition among youth in this age range. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) present the lifetime prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and comorbidity of social phobia in a large, nationally representative sample of U.S.

Adeno-associated virus antibody profiles in newborns, children, and adolescents.

Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector due to previous natural infection with wild-type AAV can significantly limit gene transfer. NAb titers to AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) and AAV8 in human subjects (0 to 18 years) were studied. NAb prevalence is moderate at birth, decreases markedly from 7 to 11 months, and then progressively increases through childhood and adolescence.

One-step synthesis of glucose-branched galactomannan.

The synthesis of branched polysaccharides using naturally occurring materials has been reported since 1975, but applications of branched polysaccharides are relatively limited because of the long and complex modification processes. In this work, a practical and efficient procedure is presented that in one step levoglucosan can be grafted to galactomannan (at 115°C for 15h) with monochloroacetic acid as catalyst. The structural characteristics of the resulting substances were investigated by NMR spectroscopy.

Effect of a dedicated percutaneously inserted central catheter team on neonatal catheter-related bloodstream infection.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the establishment of a dedicated percutaneously inserted central catheter (PICC) team is associated with reduced risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Subjects: Participants were extremely low-birth-weight infants admitted to a level IIIC neonatal intensive care unit.

Design: A before- versus after-intervention study design was implemented.

Orphan receptor TR3 enhances p53 transactivation and represses DNA double-strand break repair in hepatoma cells under ionizing radiation.

In response to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), cells elicit an evolutionarily conserved checkpoint response that induces cell cycle arrest and either DNA repair or apoptosis, thereby maintaining genomic stability. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a central enzyme involved in DSB repair for mammalian cells that comprises a DNA-PK catalytic subunit and the Ku protein, which act as regulatory elements. DNA-PK also functions as a signaling molecule to selectively regulate p53-dependent apoptosis in response to IR.

Spirituality in HIV-infected adolescents and their families: FAmily CEntered (FACE) Advance Care Planning and medication adherence.

Purpose: To explore the effect of spirituality and religious beliefs on FAmily CEntered (FACE) Advance Care Planning and medication adherence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive adolescents and their surrogate decision-makers.

Methods: A sample of HIV-positive adolescents (n = 40) and their surrogates, aged ≥ 21 years, (n = 40), was randomized to an active Healthy Living Control group or the FACE Advance Care Planning intervention, guided by transactional stress and coping theory. Adolescents' spirituality and their belief that HIV is a punishment from God were assessed at baseline and 3 months after the intervention, using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well Being Scale, Expanded, Version 4.

Secondhand smoke exposure and mental health among children and adolescents.

Objective: To examine a potential association between biologically confirmed secondhand smoke exposure and symptoms of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV) major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorder using a nationally representative sample of US children and adolescents.

Design: Nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the United States.

Setting: Continental United States.

Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative.

Context: There is limited information on the prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in international population-based studies using common methods.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence, impact, patterns of comorbidity, and patterns of service utilization for bipolar spectrum disorder (BPS) in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cross-sectional, face-to-face, household surveys of 61,392 community adults in 11 countries in the Americas, Europe, and Asia assessed with the World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3.

Interaction of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate with sunitinib: potential risk of diminished sunitinib bioavailability.

Sunitinib, a novel oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor, has a good prospect for clinical application and is being investigated for the potential therapy of other tumors. We observed the phenomenon that drinking tea interfered with symptom control in an mRCC patient treated with sunitinib and speculated that green tea or its components might interact with sunitinib. This study was performed to investigate whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of green tea, interacted with sunitinib.

Effects of high and low glycemic load meals on energy intake, satiety and hunger in obese Hispanic-American youth.

Unlabelled: Some short-term pediatric studies have suggested beneficial effects of low glycemic load (LGL) meals on feelings of hunger and on energy intake. However, the effects of LGL diets have not been systematically studied in obese Hispanic children, who stand to benefit from successful interventions.

Objective: To examine the effects of LGL and high-GL (HGL) meals on appetitive responses and ad libitum energy intake of obese Hispanic youth.

The association between mood and anxiety disorders with vascular diseases and risk factors in a nationally representative sample.

Objective: To investigate the association between mood and anxiety disorders and vascular diseases after controlling for vascular disease risk factors.

Methods: Using a nationally representative sample of adults (N=5692) from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R), participants with mood disorders were hierarchically classified as having any lifetime history of mania, hypomania, or major depression. Anxiety disorders were also assessed.

Comparison of bone age readings by pediatric endocrinologists and pediatric radiologists using two bone age atlases.

Background: Pediatric endocrinologists at a children's hospital were concerned that bone age readings by radiologists frequently differed from their readings by >1 year.

Objective: To compare consistency of bone age readings by endocrinologists vs. radiologists, and the Greulich and Pyle (GP) atlas vs.

Service utilization for lifetime mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results of the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).

Objective: Mental health policy for youth has been constrained by a paucity of nationally representative data concerning patterns and correlates of mental health service utilization in this segment of the population. The objectives of this investigation were to examine the rates and sociodemographic correlates of lifetime mental health service use by severity, type, and number of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement.

Method: Face-to-face survey of mental disorders from 2002 to 2004 using a modified version of the fully structured World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview in a nationally representative sample of 6,483 adolescents 13 to 18 years old for whom information on service use was available from an adolescent and a parent report.

Urban water resources quota management: the core strategy for water demand management in China.

Since China has the largest population in the world, the available water resources per capita in China are very limited. With the rapid economic development that is currently occurring, the shortage of water resources at the national level has become extremely critical. How to solve the problems due to water scarcity and water pollution has received increasing attention from the Chinese government and various communities.

Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication--Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).

Objective: To present estimates of the lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders with and without severe impairment, their comorbidity across broad classes of disorder, and their sociodemographic correlates.

Method: The National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement NCS-A is a nationally representative face-to-face survey of 10,123 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in the continental United States. DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed using a modified version of the fully structured World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview.

Cd uptake in rice cultivars treated with organic acids and EDTA.

A pot experiment was conducted to examine the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and protein, and Cd uptake in different rice cultivars exposed to Cd (0, 1 and 5 mg/kg) in the presence of organic acids and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The results showed the increase in activity of dismutase (SOD), contents of proline and protein but a decline in activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and MDA content for cultivars Xiushui63 and IIyou527. The resistance to Cd was higher in Xiushui63 than that in Iyou527 under the same Cd treatment.

Characteristics associated with pediatric inpatient death.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to obtain a broad understanding of inpatient deaths across academic children's hospitals.

Methods: A nonconcurrent cohort study of children hospitalized in 37 academic children's hospitals in 2005 was performed. The primary outcome was death.

Headache and biomarkers predictive of vascular disease in a representative sample of US children.

Objective: To examine the association of childhood headache disorders with markers of risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.

Design: Information was collected on severe or recurrent headache or migraine in childhood or adolescence and on biomarkers predictive of vascular disease.

Setting: The National Health and Nutrition Survey, a nationally representative health survey.

Is it safe? Talking to teens with HIV/AIDS about death and dying: a 3-month evaluation of Family Centered Advance Care (FACE) planning - anxiety, depression, quality of life.

Purpose: To determine the safety of engaging HIV-positive (HIV+) adolescents in a Family Centered Advance Care (FACE) planning intervention.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a 2-armed, randomized controlled clinical trial in 2 hospital-based outpatient clinics from 2006-2008 with HIV+ adolescents and their surrogates (n = 76). Three 60-90 minutes sessions were conducted weekly.

Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders among US children in the 2001-2004 NHANES.

Objective: This article presents the 12-month prevalence estimates of specific mental disorders, their social and demographic correlates, and service use patterns in children and adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative probability sample of noninstitutionalized US civilians.

Methods: The sample includes 3042 participants 8 to 15 years of age from cross-sectional surveys conducted from 2001 to 2004. Data on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for mental disorders were derived from administration of selected modules of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version IV, a structured diagnostic interview administered by lay interviewers to assess psychiatric diagnoses of children and adolescents.

Pediatric patients hospitalized with myocarditis: a multi-institutional analysis.

The objective of this study was to identify the patient, institutional, and utilization characteristics associated with outcome in hospitalized pediatric patients with myocarditis. This was a nonconcurrent cohort study of all consecutive pediatric discharges from the 35 academic children's hospitals that are members of the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS): patients from birth through age 21 years discharged from participating hospitals between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2005. Patient-level, institution-level, and utilization variables were examined.

Systematic evaluation of AAV vectors for liver directed gene transfer in murine models.

Vectors based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are being evaluated for use in liver-directed gene therapy. Candidates have been preselected on the basis of capsid structure that plays an important role in determining performance profiles. We describe a comprehensive and statistically powered set of mouse studies designed to compare the performance of vectors based on seven novel AAV capsids.

[Effects of static magnetic fields on aerobes: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis].

Nutrient agar medium was exposed in 0.085-0.092 T static magnetic fields for 12 h.

Does emergency medical services transport for pediatric ingestion decrease time to activated charcoal?

Objective: Activated charcoal (AC) is a potentially beneficial intervention for some toxic ingestions. When administered within one hour, it can reduce absorption of toxins by up to 75%. This study evaluated whether pediatric emergency department (ED) patients arriving by ambulance receive AC more quickly than patients arriving by alternative modes of transport.

Cholera toxin inhibits IL-12 production and CD8alpha+ dendritic cell differentiation by cAMP-mediated inhibition of IRF8 function.

Prior studies have demonstrated that cholera toxin (CT) and other cAMP-inducing factors inhibit interleukin (IL)-12 production from monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). We show that CT inhibits Th1 responses in vivo in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii. This correlated with low serum IL-12 levels and a selective reduction in the numbers of CD8alpha(+) conventional DCs (cDCs) in lymphoid organs.