Relationships among the Dosage of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents, Erythropoietin Resistance Index, and Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.

Background: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) constitute an important treatment option for anemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We investigated the relationships among the dosage of ESA, erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) scores, and mortality in Chinese MHD patients.

Methods: This multicenter observational retrospective study included MHD patients from 16 blood purification centers (n = 824) who underwent HD in 2011-2015 and were followed up until December 31, 2016.

Safety, Effectiveness, and Manipulability of Peritoneal Dialysis Machines Made in China: A Randomized, Crossover, Multicenter Clinical Study.

Background: Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) can cater to individual needs, provide treatment while asleep, take into account the adequacy of dialysis, and improve the quality of life. Currently, independent research and development of APD machines made in China are more conducive to patients. A randomized, multicenter, crossover study was conducted by comparing an APD machine made in China with an imported machine.

Validation of the 2007 kidney disease outcomes quality initiative clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy and nondiabetic renal disease in Chinese patients.

Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has overtaken infection and immunological factors as the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. The 2007 Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guideline is a widely accepted guideline for the clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). Our study sought to verify its diagnostic ability in the Chinese population.

Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of Thymoquinone Nanoformulation in the Rodent Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Model.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of optimized thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles delivered via nose to brain route in the rodent cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. The neuroprotective efficacy of the optimized thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles was evaluated in middle cerebral artery occluded rats by various pharmacodynamic and biochemical studies. The pharmacokinetics of thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles in the brain and blood plasma together with qualitative localization of florescent labelled PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles in brain tissues were also determined.

Predicting one-year mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: an analysis of the China Peritoneal Dialysis Registry.

This study aims to investigate basic clinical features of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, their prognostic risk factors, and to establish a prognostic model for predicting their one-year mortality. A national multi-center cohort study was performed. A total of 5,405 new PD cases from China Peritoneal Dialysis Registry in 2012 were enrolled in model group.

Long term effects on mineral and bone metabolism by low versus standard calcium dialysate in peritoneal dialysis: a meta-analysis.

Background: Low calcium dialysate with 1.25 mmol/l calcium concentration has been proposed to replace standard calcium dialysate in peritoneal dialysis patients taking calcium-containing phosphate binder to prevent hypercalcaemia. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate long term effects on mineral and bone metabolism by low versus standard calcium dialysate in peritoneal dialysis.

Comparison of two fluid solutions for resuscitation in a rabbit model of crush syndrome.

Background: Crush syndrome is a common injury, the main characteristics of which include acute kidney injury. However, there is still lack of reliable animal model of crush syndrome, and it also remains controversial as to which type of fluid should be chosen as a more appropriate treatment option for prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury.

Methods: The rabbits were crushed at the lower limbs for 6 h with 36 times the body weight, which means the pressure of each leg was also 36 times the body weight.

Efficacy and safety of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medical Database, Chinese electronic literature databases, and the references of relevant articles were searched in March 2012 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of Flos A. manihot on type 2 DN patients with overt but subnephrotic-range proteinuria (500-3,500 mg/24 h).

[Effects of DNA methylation on expression of TIG1 gene in acute leukemia].

This study was purposed to investigate the expression and methylation status of TIG1 in acute leukemia (AL). The TIG1 expression of 53 cases of AL and 20 cases of normal control (NC) were measured by using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-QT-PCR) and methylation-specific PCR(MS-PCR). The leukemia KG-1a, U937 and K562 cells were treated with 5-Aza-CdR.

[Clinical analysis of 14 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura].

In order to enhance the understanding of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), the clinical features, laboratory characteristics, treatment and outcome of 14 patients with TTP were retrospectively analyzed and investigated. The results showed that 7 out of 14 patients with TTP had predisposing factors, such as pregnancy in 4 cases, infection in 3 cases, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 1 case and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in 1 case. Fourteen patients all had neuropsychological symptoms, hemolytic anemia with negative-Coombs test, and decreased platelet counts.

Clinical factors associated with the diagnosis and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

As an important complication of diabetic mellitus, diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been the main cause of end-stage renal disease. It is of great importance to diagnose DN early, and to identify the risk factors of disease progression in order to carry out in-time and effective therapies. Previous literatures have reported the role of several clinical factors in the diagnosis and progression of DN, including age, longer diabetes duration, diabetic retinopathy, higher level of hypertension and HbA1c, and so on.

Validation of a differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal diseases and the establishment of a new diagnostic model.

Background: The aims of the present study were to validate the differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD) established in 2003 and to establish a new diagnostic model suitable for the current clinical characteristics of DN.

Methods: We examined 200 patients with Type 2 diabetes who underwent kidney biopsy from 2004 to 2012. The 2003 differential diagnostic model based on the data collected from 1993 to 2003 was evaluated by the diagnostic test and changes in the clinical differentiation parameters of DN and NDRD were analyzed.

Efficacy and safety of Changfu peritoneal dialysis solution: a multi-center prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: A multi-center large scale study is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of domestic peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. Some researchers believe that 6 L/d is enough for adequate dialysis, but there is no multi-center prospective study on Chinese population to confirm this. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of domestic PD solution (Changfu) and its difference between 6 L and 8 L dosage.

Identifying parameters to distinguish non-diabetic renal diseases from diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.

Background: Renal injuries in patients with diabetes include diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD). The value of a clinical diagnosis of DN and NDRD remains inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of the literature to identify predictive factors of NDRD and to compare the clinical characteristics of DN and NDRD for differential diagnosis.

[Transmission and prevalence patterns of C4a evolutionary lineage of human enterovirus 71 circulating in mainland China, 2008-2010].

Objective: To understand the evolutionary relationship between the C4a evolutionary lineage of human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) strains circulating in mainland of China during 2008-2010 and 2008 Fuyang strains and study the prevalence and transmission patterns of 2008 Fuyang strains.

Methods: Download all the complete VP1 ( > or = 891 bp) or approximate complete VP1 (> or = 876 bp) gene nucleotide sequences from GenBank of HEV71 strains circulating in Mainland of China during 2008-2010. And analyze the phylogenetic relationship between Fuyang strains and other provinces' strains using the MEGA software, version 5.

[Multiple viral transmission chains of enterovirus 71 co-circulated in Jilin Province during 2009-2010].

Objective: To analyze the genetic characterization of enterovirus type71 (EV71) associated with hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics in Jilin province, during 2009-2010.

Methods: Randomly selected 31 representative EV71 strains from the cases of 8 prefectures to amplify and sequences of VP1 genes of EV71 strains, and analyzed with Bioedit and Mega4.0 program.

[Application of a simple method for detection of rubella virus genome by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)].

Objective: To use a new simple Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method was applied to detect rubella virus nucleic acid and compared with Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).

Method: Comparing the detection rate of the RT-LAMP method with that of RT-PCR for detecting rubella virus nucleic acid from rubella virus.

Results: The nucleic acid positive rates of all 11 strains of rubella virus were 100% by the two methods, the positive rate was 55%.

[Establishment of one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method for mumps virus hydrophobin gene detection].

Objective: To establish a kind of simple method for identifying mumps virus gene: one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR).

Methods: To design primer in both sides of SH gene, and then to do the sensitivity and specificity test for the RT-PCR method.

Results: At least 10(0.

[Gene identification of mumps wild virus isolated firstly in Jilin province].

Objective: To observe Cytopathic Effect of wild-type mump viruses in Vero/SLAM cell and identify genotype in a mump outbreak in 2008.

Methods: Throat swabs were collected and to isolated mump virus with Vero/slam cells.Cytopathic effect was observed and determined mump virus type with Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).

[Hemogglutinin gene and amino acid characteristic of measles virus in Jilin province, 2001-2008].

Objective: To study the genetic characteristic and amino acid mutation of hemogglutinin (H) protein of measles viruses circulated in Jilin provine in 2001-2008.

Methods: 5 representative strains of measles virus circulated in Jilin provine in 2001-2008 were chosen to conduct the RNA extraction and the Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for amplifying H gene and to do sequence analysis of the PCR products, and then to compare with Chinese vaccine strain S191 and 23 kinds of genotypes of measles virus representative strains from genebank for analysis of phylogenetic, nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity and variation, glycosylated domains variation.

Results: 5 strains of measles virus belong to H1 genotype, H1a sub-genotype.

[The genetic characteristic analysis of fusion gene measles wild viruses of China in 2006].

Objective: To study genetic characteristic of fusion gene (F gene) of wild type measles virus circulated in 2006, analysis the variation regular of F gene through comparing with measles virus of 1999-2003.

Method: 9 representative strains, which isolated from 8 provinces in 2006, were selected. The whole F gene were amplified by reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction and were sequenced, then they were compared with the nucleotide acid sequences of Chinese measles vaccine strains and the representative strains of 1999-2003, finally the phylogenetic analysis were conducted.

[Improvement of the rapid identification method for H1 and H2 genotype of measles virus].

Objective: To simplify the procesure of the rapid genotyping method of H1 and H2 genotypes of measles virus and make the identifying operation easily.

Methods: To improve the reverse transcription nested-polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) to RT-PCR by using the inner primer pair of the RT-nPCR, identify the genotype of the PCR product by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method, and also use the safer GeneFinder in electrophoresis instead of EB which maybe induce cancer.

Results: 3 strains measles virus of known H1 genotype got good positive results by the improved one-step RT-PCR and the PCR products were also cut well by Sal I.

[The establishment of method for identifying China vaccine strains and wild strains of measles virus].

Objective: To establish a simple and quick method for identifying China vaccine strains and wild strains of Measles Virus.

Methods: To search the enzyme site in Hemagglutinin gene of measles virus for different domestic vaccine strains and wild strains of measles virus, and design the RT-PCR primer within the range covering the enzyme site, and then to confirm the specificity and sensibility of the RT-PCR method, and then identify the RT-PCR product by RFLP.

Results: The one-step RT-PCR method is sensitive, the measles virus of 4.