Dietary vitamin D and gastric cancer risk within the stomach cancer pooling (stop) project.

Purpose: The evidence regarding the role of vitamin D on gastric cancer (GC) is controversial. Within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, a global consortium of epidemiological studies on GC, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary vitamin D and GC risk.

Methods: Five case-control studies were included in the analysis, accounting for 1875 cases and 5899 controls.

Association Between Oxidative-Inflammation Biomarkers and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in People with High Cardiovascular Risk: A Nested Case-Control Study.

: To assess oxidative-inflammatory biomarker prediction of incident CKD after 1-year follow-up in a population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. : Prospective nested case-control study comprising 117 CKD incident cases and 117 matched controls free of CKD after 1-year follow-up conducted in 55-75-year-old participants. Controls were time-matched 1:1 to cases by intervention group, age (≤65 vs.

Sex differences in (poly)phenol intake patterns and cardiovascular risk in Spanish adult population at high risk of cardiovascular disease: Cross-sectional findings.

Background: Men and women tend to follow different dietary patterns, but this is often disregarded when relating diet to health outcomes.

Objective: Our aim was to analyze (poly)phenol intake patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk (CVR) according to sex.

Methods: 6633 participants were included in this cross-sectional study.

Comparison of an Energy-Reduced Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity Versus an Ad Libitum Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes : A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Limited research has been done to evaluate the combined effect of energy reduction, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and physical activity on type 2 diabetes incidence.

Objective: To evaluate whether an energy-reduced MedDiet (erMedDiet) plus physical activity reduces diabetes incidence compared with a standard MedDiet.

Design: Prespecified secondary outcome analysis in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea)-Plus randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial.

Predictors of ultra-processed foods consumption in 4-year-old Spanish children.

Ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption has increased in recent decades, contributing to poor diet quality and certain health problems in early childhood. This study aimed to evaluate UPF consumption in 4-year-old children and determine maternal and child sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors of UPF consumption. We analysed data for 1736 mother-child pairs from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente birth cohort study.

Nut consumption, gut microbiota, and cognitive function: findings from a prospective study in older adults at risk of cognitive decline.

Background: The diet-microbiota-gut-brain axis emerges as a promising target for preventing neurodegenerative disorders. Nuts are nutrient-dense foods with potential neuroprotective and prebiotic properties, yet their relationship with longitudinal cognitive changes and gut microbiota remains unclear.

Objective: To assess the association of baseline nut consumption with 6-year changes in cognitive function and baseline gut microbiota composition in older adults.

Arsenic Exposure and Neuropsychological Outcomes in Children: A Scoping Review.

A child's exposure to arsenic (As) can begin in utero through placental transfer to the fetus. There is a growing body of epidemiologic evidence suggesting an association between As exposure and neuropsychological development. Therefore, our objective was to describe the consequences of maternal and/or childhood As exposure on children's neuropsychological development.

Dietary patterns and exposure to non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy.

Background: Exposure to non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is widespread, causing various adverse health effects, especially during pregnancy. Diet is a major source of EDCs and the identification of dietary patterns that give rise to higher exposure levels is crucial. We aimed to explore the relationship between dietary patterns during pregnancy and exposure to non-persistent EDCs.

Maternal nut and fish consumption during pregnancy and child risky decision-making at 11 years old.

Antenatal diet may have a role in the development of impulsivity, and hence in risky decision-making. This study is assessing whether nut and fish consumption during pregnancy is associated with impulsivity and risky decision-making until pre-adolescence. This is a mother-child population-based birth cohort study, INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) project (recruitment years 2004-2008).

Maternal prenatal nut and seafood consumption and child neuropsychological function from 4 to 15 years of age: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Understanding the role of maternal diet in early brain development is critical, as pregnancy represents a period of significant vulnerability and growth for the developing brain.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the association between maternal nuts, total seafood, and large fatty fish consumption during pregnancy and offspring neuropsychological function ≤15 y, considering the potential mediation of omega-3 fatty acids.

Methods: This study was part of The Spanish Childhood and Environment birth cohort, following 1737 mother-child pairs from pregnancy to age 15.

Dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year changes in cognitive function in older adults with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome.

The protective role of dietary vitamin D intake on cognitive function is of interest, but evidence remains inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year cognitive changes in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. This longitudinal study comprised 5454 individuals (aged 55-75 years in men and 60-75 years in women) who exhibited overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Multi-omics approach identifies gut microbiota variations associated with depression.

The gut microbiota plays a potential role in the pathophysiology of depression through the gut-brain axis. This cross-sectional study in 400 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus study investigates the interplay between gut microbiota and depression using a multi-omics approach. Depression was defined as antidepressant use or high Beck Depression Inventory-II scores.

The link between ultra-processed food consumption, fecal microbiota, and metabolomic profiles in older mediterranean adults at high cardiovascular risk.

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been linked to adverse metabolic outcomes, potentially mediated by alterations in gut microbiota and metabolite production.

Objective: This study aims to explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between NOVA-classified UPF consumption, fecal microbiota, and fecal metabolome in a population of Mediterranean older adults at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods: A total of 385 individuals, aged between 55 and 75 years, were included in the study.

Fish consumption and gastric cancer within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project.

Gastric cancer is among the most common cancer and cause of cancer death. We conducted a meta-analysis of 25 case-control studies from the Stomach cancer Pooling Project to assess the association between fish or canned fish consumption and the risk of gastric cancer. 10,431 cases and 24,903 controls were available.

Metabolomic Profiling of Human Urine Related to Mycotoxin Exposure.

Human exposure to mycotoxins is a global concern since several mycotoxins, such as enniatins and aflatoxins, have shown carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects, and the toxicologic mechanisms of most of them still need to be clarified. This study aims to investigate the metabolic pathways affected by mycotoxin exposure by evaluating metabolite alterations in urine. The participants were 540 women from the Spanish Childhood and Environment Project (INMA).

Pasta Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risks in Older Adults with Overweight/Obesity: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Objective: Low Glycemic Index (GI) diets improve cardiometabolic risk (CMR) specifically in those with insulin resistance. However, the prospective association between pasta (a low GI staple) consumption and CMR is unclear. We evaluated the longitudinal association of pasta consumption with CMR (after 2 y: body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP); after 1 y: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) in ∼6000 older adults (50% women) at high CMR.

Breastmilk polyamines modify gut gene expression in children at three months of age.

Background & Aims: Breastmilk is one of the main sources of exogenous polyamines for newborns and contains higher polyamine content than infant formulas. Polyamines are involved in gut maturation and immune system regulation in animals, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We quantified polyamines in human mature breastmilk and evaluate their effects on intestinal gene expression in babies at three months of age.

Prospective association of changes in (poly)phenol intake, body weight and physical activity with inflammatory profile.

Backgrounds And Aim: To prospectively evaluate the associations between changes in (poly)phenol intake, body weight(BW), and physical activity(PA) with changes in an inflammatory score after 1-year.

Methods And Results: This is a prospective observational analysis involving 484 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus with available inflammatory measurements. (Poly)phenol intake was estimated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the Phenol-Explorer database.

Validity of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire for Toddlers of NELA Birth Cohort Study.

Background/objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for the assessment of usual nutrient and food intakes in children of 18 months old.

Methods: We included 103 toddlers aged 18 months from the Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study. A 47-item FFQ was administered twice to parents with a 3-month interval.

Association Between Dairy Products Consumption and Esophageal, Stomach, and Pancreatic Cancers in the PANESOES Multi Case-Control Study.

This study explored the association between dairy products consumption (total and subgroups) and cancer of the esophagus, stomach, and pancreas within the PANESOES case-control study. Data from 1229 participants, including 774 incident cases of cancer and 455 controls matched by age, sex, and region, were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, categorizing dairy intake by total and subgroups (fermented dairy, sugary dairy desserts, and milk).

Faecal microbiota composition and impulsivity in a cohort of older adults with metabolic syndrome.

Impulsivity is an important determinant of human behaviour, affecting self-control, reasonable thinking and food choices. Recent evidence suggests a role for gut microbiota in human behaviour, but the relationship between gut microbiota and impulsive behaviours remains largely unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, the present study aims to explore the associations between faecal microbiota composition with trait and behavioural impulsivity, in a subcohort of the PREDIMED-Plus trial, including older adults presenting overweight/obesity.

Sex-specific dietary patterns and their association with metabolic syndrome: Insights from a cross-sectional analysis.

Aims: This study aims to identify a posteriori dietary patterns with a sex approach and to evaluate their association with metabolic syndrome criteria.

Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 6821 men and women between 55 and 75 years of age. Forty-two food groups were analyzed from dietary information collected with food frequency questionnaires, using principal component analysis and cluster analysis and then information from both statistical methods was compared.

Objectively Measured Sleep Duration and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A One-Year Longitudinal Analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Cohort.

The aim of our cross-sectional and longitudinal study is to assess the relationship between daytime and night-time sleep duration and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with metabolic syndrome after a 1-year healthy lifestyle intervention. Analysis of the data from 2119 Spanish adults aged 55-75 years from the PREDIMED-Plus study was performed. Sleep duration was assessed using a wrist-worn accelerometer.

Aspirin but not statins is inversely related to gastric cancer with a duration-risk effect: Results from the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project Consortium.

Background: Aspirin and statins have been suggested to have potential chemopreventive effects against gastric cancer (GC), although the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. This study therefore aimed to investigate the association between the use of aspirin and statins and GC.

Methods: A pooled analysis of seven case-control studies within the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project, including 3220 cases and 9752 controls, was conducted.