Predictors of ultra-processed foods consumption in 4-year-old Spanish children.

Ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption has increased in recent decades, contributing to poor diet quality and certain health problems in early childhood. This study aimed to evaluate UPF consumption in 4-year-old children and determine maternal and child sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors of UPF consumption. We analysed data for 1736 mother-child pairs from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente birth cohort study.

Pasta Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risks in Older Adults with Overweight/Obesity: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Objective: Low Glycemic Index (GI) diets improve cardiometabolic risk (CMR) specifically in those with insulin resistance. However, the prospective association between pasta (a low GI staple) consumption and CMR is unclear. We evaluated the longitudinal association of pasta consumption with CMR (after 2 y: body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP); after 1 y: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) in ∼6000 older adults (50% women) at high CMR.

Validity of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire for Toddlers of NELA Birth Cohort Study.

Background/objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for the assessment of usual nutrient and food intakes in children of 18 months old.

Methods: We included 103 toddlers aged 18 months from the Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study. A 47-item FFQ was administered twice to parents with a 3-month interval.

Association Between Dairy Products Consumption and Esophageal, Stomach, and Pancreatic Cancers in the PANESOES Multi Case-Control Study.

This study explored the association between dairy products consumption (total and subgroups) and cancer of the esophagus, stomach, and pancreas within the PANESOES case-control study. Data from 1229 participants, including 774 incident cases of cancer and 455 controls matched by age, sex, and region, were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, categorizing dairy intake by total and subgroups (fermented dairy, sugary dairy desserts, and milk).

Objectively Measured Sleep Duration and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A One-Year Longitudinal Analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Cohort.

The aim of our cross-sectional and longitudinal study is to assess the relationship between daytime and night-time sleep duration and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with metabolic syndrome after a 1-year healthy lifestyle intervention. Analysis of the data from 2119 Spanish adults aged 55-75 years from the PREDIMED-Plus study was performed. Sleep duration was assessed using a wrist-worn accelerometer.

COVID-19 and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with High-Cardiovascular Risk: A Post Hoc Analysis.

Cognitive decline has been reported as a short-term sequela in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Whether COVID-19 is associated with late cognitive impairment in older free-living individuals with high cardiovascular risk, a group at greater risk of cognitive decline, is unknown. We determined this association of COVID-19 through a longitudinal evaluation of post-COVID-19 cognitive performance and impairment as post hoc analysis in 5,179 older adults (48% female) with mean (SD) age 68.

More Adult Women than Men at High Cardiometabolic Risk Reported Worse Lifestyles and Self-Reported Health Status in the COVID-19 Lockdown.

Background: The COVID-19 lockdown represented an immense impact on human health, which was characterized by lifestyle and dietary changes, social distancing and isolation at home. Some evidence suggests that these consequences mainly affected women and altered relevant ongoing clinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status and changes in diet, physical activity (PA), sleep and self-reported health status (SRH) as perceived by older adult men and women with metabolic syndrome during the COVID-19 lockdown.

The protective effect of dietary folate intake on gastric cancer is modified by alcohol consumption: A pooled analysis of the StoP Consortium.

Dietary folate intake has been identified as a potentially modifiable factor of gastric cancer (GC) risk, although the evidence is still inconsistent. We evaluate the association between dietary folate intake and the risk of GC as well as the potential modification effect of alcohol consumption. We pooled data for 2829 histologically confirmed GC cases and 8141 controls from 11 case-control studies from the international Stomach Cancer Pooling Consortium.

Pro-vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality by all-cause and specific causes in an older Mediterranean population.

Purpose: Pro-vegetarian (PVG) dietary patterns have shown health benefits, although the evidence concerning their association with mortality is scarce, particularly in older populations. We investigated the effect of three defined PVG patterns on all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality risk in an older Mediterranean population.

Methods: We analysed baseline data from 597 adults aged 65 and older who participated in a population-based cross-sectional study, and mortality during a 12-year period.

Effect of a nutritional intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet on environmental impact.

Objective: To estimate the environmental impact of a dietary intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) after one year of follow-up.

Methods: Baseline and 1-year follow-up data were used for 5800 participants aged 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study. Food intake was estimated through a validated semiquantitative food consumption frequency questionnaire, and adherence to the MedDiet was estimated through the Diet Score.

Pro-vegetarian dietary patterns and essential and heavy metal exposure in children of 4-5-years from the INfancia y medio Ambiente cohort (INMA).

Dietary patterns provide a comprehensive assessment of food consumption, including essential nutrients and potential exposure to environmental contaminants. While pro-vegetarian (PVG) dietary patterns have shown health benefits in adults, their effects on children are less well studied. This study aims to explore the association between children's adherence to the most common PVG dietary patterns and their exposure to metals, assessed through urine concentration.

A high consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with higher total mortality in an adult Mediterranean population.

Background & Aims: The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, although this association has not been sufficiently investigated in Mediterranean populations. We aimed to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality in an adult population in Spain.

Methods: We analysed data from 1,538 participants aged 20 years and above in the Valencia Nutrition Survey in 1995.

Microbial Phenolic Metabolites Are Associated with Improved Cognitive Health.

Scope: Diets rich in polyphenols has been associated with better cognitive performance. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between microbial phenolic metabolites (MPM) in urine and cognition in the context of an older population at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods And Results: A cross-sectional analysis is conducted in 400 individuals of the PREDIMED-Plus study.

Association of adiposity and its changes over time with COVID-19 risk in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome: a longitudinal evaluation in the PREDIMED-Plus cohort.

Background: Cross-sectionally, older age and obesity are associated with increased coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) risk. We assessed the longitudinal associations of baseline and changes in adiposity parameters with COVID-19 incidence in older adults at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods: This analysis included 6874 men and women (aged 55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus lifestyle intervention trial for cardiovascular risk reduction.

How Did the COVID-19 Lockdown Pandemic Affect the Depression Symptomatology in Mediterranean Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome?

Background And Aims: To control the COVID-19 spread, in March 2020, a forced home lockdown was established in Spain. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of mobility and social COVID-19-established restrictions on depressive symptomatology in older adults with metabolic syndrome. We hypothesize that severe restrictions might have resulted in detrimental changes in depressive symptomatology.

Increased ultra-processed food consumption is associated with worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with metabolic syndrome: Longitudinal analysis from a randomized trial.

Background And Aims: The association between changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains understudied. We evaluated the association between changes in UPF consumption over 12 months of follow-up and changes in CMR factors in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: We analysed data from 5373 adults (aged 55-75 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial.

Adherence to Pro-Vegetarian Food Patterns and Risk of Oesophagus, Stomach, and Pancreas Cancers: A Multi Case-Control Study (The PANESOES Study).

We aimed to evaluate the association between three previously defined pro-vegetarian (PVG) food patterns and the cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and pancreas in a multi case-control study. We analyzed data from a multi-case hospital-based study carried out in two Mediterranean provinces in Spain. A total of 1233 participants were included in the analyses: 778 incident cancer cases, histologically confirmed (199 oesophagus, 414 stomach, and 165 pancreas) and 455 controls.

Olive oil consumption and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality in an adult mediterranean population in Spain.

Objective: We assessed the association between usual olive oil consumption (OOC) and all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD) and cancer mortality in an adult population in Spain.

Materials And Methods: OOC was evaluated at baseline in 1,567 participants aged 20 years and older from the Valencia Nutrition Study in Spain using validated food frequency questionnaires. During an 18-year follow-up period, 317 died, 115 due to CVD and 82 due to cancer.

Vitamin K dietary intake is associated with cognitive function in an older adult Mediterranean population.

Background: In the last years, evidence that dietary vitamin K could have a role in the cognitive domain has increased. However, data from large trials are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the association of 2 year changes in the dietary intake of vitamin K with cognitive function measured through neuropsychological performance tests.

Self-reported health status and mortality from all-causes of death, cardiovascular disease and cancer in an older adult population in Spain.

Aim: To assess the association between self-reported health (SRH) and mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, in adults 65 years and older in Spain.

Methods: We analysed data of 894 adults (504 women, 390 men) aged 65 years and above from two population-based studies, the EUREYE-Spain study and the Valencia Nutritional Survey (VNS). SRH was assessed at baseline using a single question which is widely used in epidemiological studies: "Overall, how would you consider your health at present?" and the response options were: 1.

Factors associated with successful dietary changes in an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet intervention: a longitudinal analysis in the PREDIMED-Plus trial.

Purpose: Long-term nutrition trials may fail to respond to their original hypotheses if participants do not comply with the intended dietary intervention. We aimed to identify baseline factors associated with successful dietary changes towards an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in the PREDIMED-Plus randomized trial.

Methods: Longitudinal analysis of 2985 participants (Spanish overweight/obese older adults with metabolic syndrome) randomized to the active intervention arm of the PREDIMED-Plus trial.

Pro-vegetarian food patterns and cardiometabolic risk in the PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional baseline analysis.

Purpose: We explored the cross-sectional association between the adherence to three different provegetarian (PVG) food patterns defined as general (gPVG), healthful (hPVG) and unhealthful (uPVG), and the cardiometabolic risk in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) of the PREDIMED-Plus randomized intervention study.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 6439 participants of the PREDIMED-Plus randomized intervention study. The gPVG food pattern was built by positively scoring plant foods (vegetables/fruits/legumes/grains/potatoes/nuts/olive oil) and negatively scoring, animal foods (meat and meat products/animal fats/eggs/fish and seafood/dairy products).

Longitudinal changes in adherence to the portfolio and DASH dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in the PREDIMED-Plus study.

Background & Aims: The Portfolio and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets have been shown to lower cardiometabolic risk factors in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, the Portfolio diet has only been assessed in RCTs of hyperlipidemic patients. Therefore, to assess the Portfolio diet in a population with metabolic syndrome (MetS), we conducted a longitudinal analysis of one-year data of changes in the Portfolio and DASH diet scores and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors in Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus trial.

Coffee Consumption and All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality in an Adult Mediterranean Population.

We assessed the association between usual coffee consumption and all-cause, cardiovascular (CV), and cancer mortality in an adult population in Spain, taking into account both the amount and type of coffee consumed. We used baseline data on coffee consumption and other personal variables, and the number of deaths during an 18-year follow-up period, for 1567 participants aged 20 years and older from the Valencia Nutrition Study in Spain. Total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

Milk and Dairy Products Intake Is Related to Cognitive Impairment at Baseline in Predimed Plus Trial.

Scope: To examine the association between milk and dairy products intake and the prevalence of cognitive decline among Spanish individuals at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods And Results: Cross-sectional analyses are performed on baseline data from 6744 adults (aged 55-75 years old). Intake of milk and dairy products is estimated using a food frequency questionnaire grouped into quartiles.