Gut-related molecules as potential biomarkers in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Introduction And Objectives: Microbial translocation contributes to cirrhosis progression and complications. This study aims to investigate whether molecules related to intestinal permeability or microbial translocation can serve as prognostic biomarkers in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively evaluated hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis for liver function, complications during hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, composite outcomes of in-hospital mortality and complications, 12-month mortality, and survival rates.

Chronic Pancreatitis in a Large Developing Country: Temporal Trends of Over 64,000 Hospitalizations from 2009 to 2019.

Background/objectives: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder associated with marked morbidity and mortality and frequently requires hospitalization. This study aimed to investigate the time trends and geographical distribution of hospital admissions, the lethality rate of CP across Brazil, and the potential relationship with social indicators and associated risk factors.

Methods: Data were retrospectively obtained from the Brazilian Public Health System Registry between January 2009 and December 2019.

The hidden severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents in Brazil: a territorial analysis of hospital mortality.

This article aims to describe the geographical distribution of hospital mortality from COVID-19 in children and adolescents during the 2020-2021 pandemic in Brazil. Ecological, census study (SIVEP GRIPE) with individuals up to 19 years of age, hospitalized with SARS due to COVID-19 or SARS not specified in Brazilian municipalities, stratified in two ways: 1) in the five macro-regions and 2) in three urban agglomerations: capital, municipalities of the metropolitan region and non-capital municipalities. There were 44 hospitalizations/100,000 inhabitants due to COVID-19 and 241/100,000 when including unspecified SARS (estimated underreporting of 81.

Antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from raw cow's milk from healthy, clinical and subclinical mastitis udders.

Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cattle and can be manifested in clinical and subclinical forms. The overuse of antimicrobials in the treatment and prevention of mastitis favours antimicrobial resistance and milk can be a potential route of dissemination. This study aimed to evaluate the biological quality of bulk tank milk (BTM) and the microbiological quality and signs of mastitis of freshly milked raw milk.

Serum Anti-Spike Antibodies Are Not Affected by Immunosuppressants in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations Given to Brazilian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

This study aimed to evaluate humoral responses after vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with IBD enrolled in a tertiary outpatient unit were followed up between September 2021 and September 2022 via serial blood collection. Immunoglobulin G antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 were measured before administration and 1 and 6 months after the administration of two doses of different vaccination regimens.

Hospital mortality from covid-19 in children and adolescents in Brazil in 2020-2021.

Objective: To describe cases, deaths, and hospital mortality from covid-19 in children and adolescents in Brazil, according to age group, during the evolving phases of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021.

Methods: Census of patients aged up to 19 committed with severe acute respiratory syndrome, due to covid-19 or unspecified, notified to the Brazilian Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. The two years were divided into six phases, covering the spread of the disease-first, second and third wave-as well as the impact of vaccination.

Incidence of retinoblastoma in children and adolescents in Brazil: A population-based study.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of retinoblastoma in children and adolescents in Brazil based on Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR), describing temporal trends and some quality indicators of this registry.

Methods: Based on secondary data from the PBCR of the National Institute of Cancer (INCA) (2000-2018), by selecting the morphological code of retinoblastoma, the annual incidences per million (0-19 years of age) in each local PBCR were estimated by sex and age group, global combined and by region, in addition to the percentage of diagnosis only by death certificate (DC) or not informed (NI), and the male/female ratio (M/F). An annual incidence trend in the five Brazilian geographic regions was also analyzed using the inflection point regression technique.

[Economic crisis and disparities in spending, supply, and use of public and private health services in Brazil from 2011 to 2019].

This study sought to analyze the repercussions of the economic crisis on the public and private sectors of the Brazilian health system and perform a trend analysis of economic and care indicators, based on secondary data from official public sources related to spending, the economic performance of health plans and insurance, and the supply and use of services. The results showed stagnation of public spending on health, as well as reduction of per capita public spending and of access to public health services. On the contrary, in a context of falling income and employment, health plans retained customers, increased revenues, profits, and their care production.

Antibiotic Consumption and Deviation of Prescribed Daily Dose From the Defined Daily Dose in Critical Care Patients: A Point-Prevalence Study.

The consumption of antibiotics is one of the metrics used to evaluate the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic consumption in Brazilian intensive care units (ICUs) and estimate the deviation of the prescribed daily dose (PDD) from the defined daily dose (DDD). This is a multicenter, observational, point-prevalence study carried out in adult ICUs of 8 Brazilian hospitals from August 2019, to February 2020.

Geosocial Features and Loss of Biodiversity Underlie Variable Rates of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Large Developing Country: A Population-Based Study.

Background: The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in developing countries may uncover etiopathogenic factors. We investigated IBD prevalence in Brazil by investigating its geographic, spatial, and temporal distribution, and attempted to identify factors associated with its recent increase.

Methods: A drug prescription database was queried longitudinally to identify patients and verify population distribution and density, race, urbanicity, sanitation, and Human Development Index.

Geographic Distribution and Time Trends of Colorectal Cancer in Brazil from 2005 to 2018.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the geographic distribution and time trends of CRC in Brazil.

Methods: Data were retrospectively retrieved from January 2005 to December 2018 from the Brazilian Public Health System.

Hospitalization and surgery rates in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Brazil: a time-trend analysis.

Background: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing globally, and the disease is frequently managed surgically. The aim of this study was to investigate the time trends and geographic distribution of IBD hospitalizations, surgeries and surgical-associated lethality.

Methods: Data from the Brazilian Health Public System were retrospectively collected regarding hospitalizations, in-hospital deaths, IBD-related surgical procedures and lethality from 2005 to 2015.

Comparison of glucose measurement on dried blood spots versus plasma samples in pregnant women with and without anemia.

Objective Compare the concordance degree between plasma glucose and glucose measurements on Dried Blood Spots (DBS) during pregnancy. Subjects and methods Glucose measurement was performed in pregnant women after a fast of 8-12 hours. Venous blood was collected with sodium fluoride, the plasma was separated, and glucose measured by the enzymatic oxidase glucose method.

The influence of the Family Health Strategy on hypertensive adults in health care use in Brazil.

Introduction: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) has a high prevalence in Brazil and impacts on the use of health services.

Objective: This study verified the influence of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) on the use of health services by adults ≥ 18 years old who reported SAH in the National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS) 2013.

Methods: The Propensity Score (PS) method was used to correct the lack of homogeneity between the groups with SAH under exposed or not to the FHS.

Prevalence of corrected arterial hypertension based on the self-reported prevalence estimated by the Brazilian National Health Survey.

The objective was to correct the self-reported prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) obtained from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS 2013). SAH prevalence estimates were corrected by means of sensitivity/specificity of information. Sensitivity and specificity values from a similar study (same self-report question, age range and gold standard) were used to this end.

Efficacy of 30% silver diamine fluoride compared to atraumatic restorative treatment on dentine caries arrestment in primary molars of preschool children: A 12-months parallel randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: This clinical trial investigated the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in arresting dentine caries in primary molars of preschoolers. Time required for treatment, adverse effects, parental aesthetic perception, anxiety and oral health related to quality of life (OHRQoL) was evaluated.

Materials And Methods: Children, 2-5 years old, with active dentine caries lesions on the occlusal surface of primary molars were randomly allocated to test group (SDF) or control group (atraumatic restorative treatment/ART).

[Private health plans and the health of workers in Brazil].

The scope of this paper was to compare the changes in coverage patterns by health insurance plans among public servants, the military and other employees in Brazil and verify if the purchase of such health plans is reflected in the respective self-reported prevalence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in the country. For this purpose, workers in the public sector (federal, state, municipal or military) and other workers aged ≥18 who were included in the 1998, 2003 and 2008 campaigns of the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) and in the 2013 National Survey were studied. Over the years of the study, it was observed that Brazil's public service employees, both civilian and military, have presented a high and increasing proportion of health insurance purchase compared to other workers.

[Women's health prevention indicator: a proposal for combining mammography and Papanicolaou smear].

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[Correction of self-reported prevalence in epidemiological studies with large samples].

Disease prevalence rates are useful when formulating and evaluating public policies. Self-reported measurement is commonly used, since it is easy to collect and does not require specific health training or additional cost. However, this measurement process can produce a biased measure.

[Rural workers' health in Brazil].

Workers' health is a central theme in public health surveys, but the specificity of work activities should be considered. This study aimed to analyze the health of rural workers in Brazil that perform both agricultural and non-agricultural work, based on self-rated health and self-reported diseases. The Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD 2008) was used, incorporating information from the complex sampling plan.

Prevalence of self-reported systemic arterial hypertension in urban and rural environments in Brazil: a population-based study.

The aims of this paper were to estimate the prevalence rates of self-reported high blood pressure among adults in urban and rural environments in Brazil and identify possible associations stratified according to household location. Data from the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) was used, incorporating information from the sampling plan. Logistic regression was used to obtain the odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association between variables and the outcome.

[Effect of sampling plan on ordinal logistic models: an analysis of self-rated health status among Brazilian adults based on the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD 2008)].

Studies that draw on individual and environmental variables to explain differences in self-rated health status have increased gradually in Brazil, but are still limited in number. Due to time and cost issues, many studies use a complex sample design involving features (stratification, clustering, and different sample weights) that, when ignored, can influence odds ratios and standard errors in the statistical models. Using the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD 2008), this paper assesses the impact on these measurements when some or all of these features are not taken into account in fitting ordinal logistic models to establish associations between adults' self-rated health and various individual and environmental factors.

[Use of medical consultations and the occurrence of systemic arterial hypertension in urban and rural areas of Brazil, according to PNAD data 2008].

The use of medical consultations is influenced by determinants such as healthcare needs and service characteristics, which depend on whether the environment is urban or rural. The scope was to estimate the proportions of individuals attending medical consultations over the previous 12 months with and without self-reported systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) living in urban and rural areas, and to analyze the patterns of consultation use and associations. This was a sectional study, using PNAD 2008.

[Association between self-reported state of health among adults and the location of the home: ordinal logistic regression analysis using PNAD 2008].

The urban environment influences human health and behavior, and a clearer understanding of the health determinants of populations living in cities is needed. Using data from the National Household Sampling Survey (PNAD) 2008, with ordinal logistic models incorporating the sampling plan, this study assessed the association between the location of the home (urban or rural) and the self-reported state of health of the adult Brazilian population, taking into account a set of individual and environmental factors inside and outside the home. The results indicated that after allowing for individual and environmental factors, the association between the location of the home and the self-reported state of health is changing (going from OR = 1.