Point-of-care ultrasound as the first imaging strategy in young infants aged under 90 days presenting with gastrointestinal manifestations at the emergency department.

This study compared the emergency department (ED) flow of young infants under 90 days old presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) versus X-ray (XR) as their primary imaging test. The study retrospectively enrolled infants under 90 days old with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms who visited a tertiary university-affiliated hospital ED from January 2019 to September 2022. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they received XR or POCUS as their first imaging test.

Machine Learning-based Prediction of Blood Stream Infection in Pediatric Febrile Neutropenia.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) prediction models for identifying bloodstream infection (BSI) and septic shock (SS) in pediatric patients with cancer who presenting febrile neutropenia (FN) at emergency department (ED) visit.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients, younger than 18 years of age, who visited a tertiary university-affiliated hospital ED due to FN between January 2004 and August 2022. ML models, based on XGBoost, were developed for BSI and SS prediction.

Ketamine sedation during air enema reduction of pediatric intussusception: Assessing safety and intraluminal pressure.

Background: Recent reports have demonstrated promising results regarding the use of ketamine sedation for reducing pediatric intussusception without an associated elevated risk of bowel perforation. However, data on direct intraluminal pressure are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate sedation safety, primarily by comparing intraluminal pressure.

Implementing Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Acute Scrotal Pain in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Screening Testicular Torsion and Patient Flow Analysis.

Objectives: Testicular torsion (TT) is a pediatric surgical emergency that requires prompt treatment. This study investigated the feasibility of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for diagnosing TT in the pediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients, aged 18 years or younger, who visited a university-affiliated hospital pediatric ED with acute scrotal pain without trauma history and underwent diagnostic ultrasounds between January 2010 and October 2022.

Safety and efficacy of pediatric sedation protocol for diagnostic examination in a pediatric emergency room: A retrospective study.

Pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic tests in the pediatric emergency room are frequently sedated. Although efforts are made to prevent adverse events, no sedation protocol has specified the optimal regimen, dosage, and interval of medication to prevent adverse events. This study analyzed the safety and efficacy of sequential pediatric sedation protocols for pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic tests in the pediatric emergency room of a single tertiary medical center.

Decreased Incidence of Pediatric Intussusception during COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) changed the epidemiology of various diseases. The present study retrospectively investigates the epidemiologic and clinical changes in pediatric intussusception for ages ≤ 7 years before (February 2019-January 2020) and after (February 2020-January 2021) the COVID-19 outbreak in a single pediatric emergency department of a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. The incidence of communicable diseases-defined as infectious diseases with the potential for human-to-human transmission via all methods, non-communicable diseases, and intussusception were decreased following the COVID-19 outbreak (15,932 to 3880 (24.

Feasibility of Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Diagnosing Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis in the Emergency Department.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for diagnosing hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in infants aged younger than 90 days who were brought to the ED due to vomiting between January 2015 and December 2019. Of these, infants who were clinically suspected of having HPS and underwent ultrasound were included and categorized into 3 groups: POCUS only, POCUS followed by radiologist-performed ultrasound (RADUS), and RADUS only.

Innovative Culture and Firm Performance of Medical Device Companies: Mediating Effects of Investment in Education and Training.

This research explored the mediating effect of investment in education and training relating to the innovative culture and organizational performance of medical device companies. We used the Human Capital Corporate Panel data provided by the Korea Vocational Competency Development Institute. In the industrial classification system of panel data, the industries related to medical devices were extracted and conclusively analyzed for 8629 workers and 368 companies.

Pediatric Sedation in the Emergency Department: Trends from a Nationwide Population-based Study in Korea, 2007-2018.

Background: Pediatric sedation in the emergency department (ED) is widely performed in Korea; thus exploring the trends of its use is necessary. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients and sedatives use in the ED and verify their changes over recent years.

Methods: A nationwide population-based retrospective study was conducted including pediatric patients aged ≤ 15 years who received sedative medication in the ED and were discharged during 2007-2018, using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database.

Clinical utility of procalcitonin in febrile infants younger than 3 months of age visiting a pediatric emergency room: a retrospective single-center study.

Background: Fever in infants under 90 days of age is highly likely to be caused by a severe bacterial infection (SBI) and it accounts for a large number of patients visiting the pediatric emergency room. In order to predict the bacterial infection and reduce unnecessary treatment, the classic classification system is based on white blood cell (WBC) count, urinalysis, and x-ray, and it is modified and applied at each center by incorporating recently studied biomarkers such as c-reactive protein (CRP) or procalcitonin (PCT). This study analyzed the usefulness of PCT in predicting SBI when applied along with the existing classification system, including CRP, among infants less than 90 days old who visited with a fever at a single institution pediatric emergency center.

Quality of Life in Older Adults with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of older patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and suggest ways to improve the same. Through this, we will improve the self-management practice of patients and promote the treatment of BPH in older patients. The 2015 Korea Health Panel Survey data were used in this study.

Lactic acid level as an outcome predictor in pediatric patients with intussusception in the emergency department.

Background: Intussusception decreases blood flow to the bowel, and tissue hypoperfusion results in increased lactic acid levels. We aimed to determine whether lactic acid levels are associated with pediatric intussusception outcomes.

Methods: The electronic medical records of our emergency department pediatric patients diagnosed with intussusception, between January 2015 and October 2018, were reviewed.

Point-of-care ultrasound may be useful for detecting pediatric intussusception at an early stage.

Background: This study aimed to verify the usefulness of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed by pediatric emergency physicians for detecting intussusception at an early stage.

Methods: This retrospective study included 1-month- to 6-year-old children with clinically suspected intussusception, who underwent POCUS in the pediatric emergency department between December 2016 and February 2018. The criteria for performing POCUS were set to broader standards: presenting any one of intermittent abdominal pain/irritability or bloody stool, or ≥ 2 symptoms among nonspecific abdominal pain/irritability, abdominal mass/distension, vomiting, or lethargy.

Clinical Implications of Ketosis in Children with Benign Convulsions with Mild Gastroenteritis.

Background And Purpose: The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) in children remain unclear. We investigated the incidence of ketosis in CwG and whether this is related to seizures.

Methods: This retrospective study included children aged from 6 months to 6 years who visited our emergency department and were diagnosed as CwG between June 2015 and December 2018.

Clinical features of coinfection and need for its testing in influenza pneumonia patients.

Background: To investigate the clinical features of coinfection due to (), a common copathogen in influenza, in influenza pneumonia patients.

Methods: We reviewed 4,465 patients with influenza who visited a tertiary care hospital emergency department in Seoul (Korea) from 2010 through 2016, and underwent immunoglobulin M (IgM) serology or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for . Influenza pneumonia was defined as laboratory-confirmed influenza plus radiographic pneumonia.

Development of screening tool for child abuse in the korean emergency department: Using modified Delphi study.

Mandatory reporting rate of suspected child abuse by health care provider is relatively low in South Korea. The purpose of the study was to develop a screening tool for child abuse and evaluate the feasibility of using this screening tool in emergency department (ED) of South Korea. Injured children younger than 14 years old in the ED were enrolled as subjects to use this screening tool.

Current Status of Pediatric Critical Care in Korea: Results of 2015 National Survey.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the structure, organization, management, and staffing of pediatric critical care (PCC) in Korea.

Methods: We directed a questionnaire survey for all Upper Grade General Hospitals (n = 43) in Korea in 2015. The first questionnaire was mainly about structure, organization, and staffing and responses were obtained from 32 hospitals.

Initial Characteristics and Clinical Severity of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Pediatric Patients Admitted in the Emergency Department.

Objectives: The diagnosis and management of children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) admitted in the emergency department (ED) are challenging. The present study aimed at describing the initial characteristics of pediatric patients with HLH upon admission in the ED. Moreover, the clinical severity of the condition was assessed.

Pediatric appendicitis with appendicolith often presents with prolonged abdominal pain and a high risk of perforation.

Background: Appendicolith can cause appendiceal obstruction and acute appendicitis. Its high prevalence may be related to the high perforation rate in pediatric appendicitis. This study assessed the characteristics of appendicolith and its clinical significance in pediatric appendicitis.

Implications of Increased Weight Status for the Occurrence of Fall-Induced Intracranial Hemorrhage in Children Aged 4 Years or Younger.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between increased weight status (IWS), a weight for age/sex at greater than the 95th percentile, and fall-induced intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in children aged 4 years or younger.

Methods: In 7072 children aged 4 years or younger with head injury who visited a tertiary care hospital emergency department in Korea from 2013 through 2015, the presence of fall-induced ICH was reviewed. The association between IWS and ICH was investigated by multivariable logistic regression.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound Could Streamline the Emergency Department Workflow of Clinically Nonspecific Intussusception.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for intussusception screening streamlines the workflow of clinically nonspecific intussusception (CNI), an intussusception presenting with only 1 manifestation of the classic triad, and/or vomiting.

Methods: We reviewed 274 consecutive children with intussusception, aged 6 years or younger, who visited a tertiary care hospital emergency department between May 2012 and April 2016. This period was dichotomized by May 2014 (the "PRE" and "POST" groups), starting point of implementation of the POCUS protocol for intussusception screening.