Development of a machine learning-based prediction model for serious bacterial infections in febrile young infants.

Background: To develop and validate machine learning (ML)-based models to predict serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in febrile infants aged ≤90 days.

Methods: This retrospective study analysed data from febrile infants (≥38.0℃) aged ≤90 days.

When is brain MRI indicated for children with the first unprovoked seizure presenting to the pediatric emergency department? A retrospective cohort study.

Background: The decision to perform immediate brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with their first unprovoked seizure presenting to the emergency department (ED) remains a clinical challenge. We aimed to identify clinical factors associated with the detection of epileptogenic lesions and emergent neuroimaging findings on MRI to determine the imaging necessity and urgency, respectively.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled pediatric patients (age 0-18 years) presenting to a single institution's pediatric ED with new-onset unprovoked seizures between January 2010 and December 2023.

Diagnostic value of the jumping-up test in children with suspected acute appendicitis.

Background: Diagnosing acute appendicitis in children is often difficult due to non-specific symptoms and limited cooperation during physical examination. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the Jumping-Up (J-Up) test, and to compare it with traditional physical signs.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study from September 2021 to July 2023 in the pediatric emergency department of Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital in Seoul, Korea.

Point-of-care ultrasound as the first imaging strategy in young infants aged under 90 days presenting with gastrointestinal manifestations at the emergency department.

This study compared the emergency department (ED) flow of young infants under 90 days old presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) versus X-ray (XR) as their primary imaging test. The study retrospectively enrolled infants under 90 days old with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms who visited a tertiary university-affiliated hospital ED from January 2019 to September 2022. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they received XR or POCUS as their first imaging test.

Machine Learning-based Prediction of Blood Stream Infection in Pediatric Febrile Neutropenia.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) prediction models for identifying bloodstream infection (BSI) and septic shock (SS) in pediatric patients with cancer who presenting febrile neutropenia (FN) at emergency department (ED) visit.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients, younger than 18 years of age, who visited a tertiary university-affiliated hospital ED due to FN between January 2004 and August 2022. ML models, based on XGBoost, were developed for BSI and SS prediction.

Ketamine sedation during air enema reduction of pediatric intussusception: Assessing safety and intraluminal pressure.

Background: Recent reports have demonstrated promising results regarding the use of ketamine sedation for reducing pediatric intussusception without an associated elevated risk of bowel perforation. However, data on direct intraluminal pressure are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate sedation safety, primarily by comparing intraluminal pressure.

Discovery of Pathogenic Variants Associated with Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Using Whole-Exome Sequencing.

Idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as at least two pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation. Approximately 5% of pregnant couples experience idiopathic RPL, which is a heterogeneous disease with various causes including hormonal, chromosomal, and intrauterine abnormalities. Although how pregnancy loss occurs is still unknown, numerous biological factors are associated with the incidence of pregnancy loss, including genetic variants.

Identifying commonalities in definition and governance of point-of-care ultrasound within statements from medical organizations in the United States: A scoping review for a shared understanding.

This scoping review analyzed statements from 22 medical organizations in the United States to identify commonalities in the definition and governance of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). A total of 41 statements were included. The review found that the most commonly used elements in defining POCUS were "focused," "bedside," and "patient care.

Silk Peptide Ameliorates Sarcopenia through the Regulation of Akt/mTOR/FoxO3a Signaling Pathways and the Inhibition of Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation in Aged Mice.

As populations around the world age, interest in healthy aging is growing. One of the first physical changes that occurs with aging is the loss of muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia. Sarcopenia limits the activity of older people, reduces their quality of life, and increases the likelihood of their developing disease.

Association of Thymidylate Synthase () Gene Polymorphisms with Incidence and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition characterized by the accumulation of plaque within coronary arteries. While distinct features of CAD have been reported, the association between genetic factors and CAD in terms of biomarkers was insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the connection between genetic factors and CAD, focusing on the thymidylate synthase () gene, a gene involved in DNA synthesis and one-carbon metabolism.

Implementing Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Acute Scrotal Pain in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Screening Testicular Torsion and Patient Flow Analysis.

Objectives: Testicular torsion (TT) is a pediatric surgical emergency that requires prompt treatment. This study investigated the feasibility of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for diagnosing TT in the pediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients, aged 18 years or younger, who visited a university-affiliated hospital pediatric ED with acute scrotal pain without trauma history and underwent diagnostic ultrasounds between January 2010 and October 2022.

Safety and efficacy of pediatric sedation protocol for diagnostic examination in a pediatric emergency room: A retrospective study.

Pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic tests in the pediatric emergency room are frequently sedated. Although efforts are made to prevent adverse events, no sedation protocol has specified the optimal regimen, dosage, and interval of medication to prevent adverse events. This study analyzed the safety and efficacy of sequential pediatric sedation protocols for pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic tests in the pediatric emergency room of a single tertiary medical center.

Association between Polymorphisms and Ischemic Stroke in a South Korean Case-Control Cohort.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world. Approximately 80% of strokes are ischemic in origin. Many risk factors have been linked to stroke, including an increased level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).

Factors Associated with the Underuse of Sedatives and Neuromuscular Blocking Agents for Pediatric Emergency Endotracheal Intubation in Korea.

Purpose: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) using sedatives and neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) is recommended for pediatric emergency endotracheal intubation (ETI), but is not frequently performed in Korea. This study aimed to verify factors associated with the underuse of RSI medications.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter retrospective study reviewed patients aged under 18 years who underwent an ETI within 24 hours of arrival at the emergency department between 2016 and 2019.

Impact of Intubator's Training Level on First-Pass Success of Endotracheal Intubation in Acute Care Settings: A Four-Center Retrospective Study.

(1) Background: First-pass success (FPS) of endotracheal intubation is more challenging in children than in adults. We aimed to identify factors associated with FPS of intubation in acute care settings. (2) Methods: We analyzed data of children aged <10 years who underwent intubation within ≤24 h of arrival at four Korean emergency departments (2016−2019).

Association Study between Mucin 4 () Polymorphisms and Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in a Korean Population.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestational age. Our study investigated whether mucin 4 (MUC4) polymorphisms are associated with RPL. MUC polymorphisms (rs882605 C>A, rs1104760 A>G, rs2688513 A>G, rs2258447 C>T, and rs2291652 A>G) were genotyped in 374 women with RPL and 239 controls of Korean ethnicity using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and the TaqMan probe SNP genotyping assay.

Study of the Association between Polymorphisms and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Koreans.

Coronary artery disease (CAD), a leading cause of death worldwide, has a complex etiology comprising both traditional risk factors (type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and cigarette smoking) and genetic factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) notably contributes to angiogenesis and endothelial homeostasis. However, little is known about the relationship between CAD and VEGF polymorphisms in Koreans.