Factors predicting early recurrence in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer on durvalumab consolidation after chemoradiotherapy.

Background: Durvalumab consolidation after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the present standard of care for patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, some patients experience early recurrence. This study sought risk factors for early recurrence during durvalumab consolidation.

Real-world analysis of first-line afatinib in patients with -mutant non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastasis: survival and prognostic factors.

Background: Overall survival (OS) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases (BMs) is poor. We aimed to identify prognostic factors and ascertain treatment outcomes of first-line afatinib for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant NSCLC with BM in a real-world setting.

Methods: This retrospective observational study reviewed electronic records of patients with -mutant NSCLC who received first-line afatinib treatment between October 2014 and October 2019 in 16 hospitals across South Korea.

Development of a population pharmacokinetic model of pyrazinamide to guide personalized therapy: impacts of geriatric and diabetes mellitus on clearance.

This study was performed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of pyrazinamide for Korean tuberculosis (TB) patients and to explore and identify the influence of demographic and clinical factors, especially geriatric diabetes mellitus (DM), on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of pyrazinamide (PZA). PZA concentrations at random post-dose points, demographic characteristics, and clinical information were collected in a multicenter prospective TB cohort study from 18 hospitals in Korea. Data obtained from 610 TB patients were divided into training and test datasets at a 4:1 ratio.

Transrenal DNA detection of in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Multiple attempts have been made to use biological samples other than sputum to diagnose tuberculosis (TB). Sputum acid-fast bacillus (AFB) microscopy is the fastest, most straightforward, and most inexpensive method for diagnosing pulmonary TB. However, urine can be used in place of sputum owing to its various advantages, such as a noninvasive method of collection, convenient handling and storage, and minimal risk of infection in health-care workers involved in sample collection.

Clinical outcomes of hyperprogression based on volumetry in non-small cell lung cancer after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.

Background: Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) is a novel pattern of the treatment course after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and associated factors of HPD using a semiautomatic volume measurement.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients with recurrent and/or metastatic NSCLC treated with ICIs between January 2015 and August 2019 at eight tertiary centers in Korea.

Impact of the revised definition on incidence and outcomes of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

The revised definition of acute exacerbation (AE) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was proposed in 2016, but changes in the incidence and impact on prognosis of the re-defined AE compared to those of the previous definition remain unclear. Clinical data of 445 patients with IPF (biopsy proven cases: 165) were retrospectively reviewed. The median follow-up period was 36.

Characteristics and Prevalence of Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Middle-Aged Population: Results from a Nationwide-Representative Sample.

Introduction: Few studies have examined the prevalence and associated factors of early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Asians.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of early COPD and its associated factors among non-institutionalized middle-aged Korean adults.

Methods: A total of 3195 participants aged 40-49 years from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study.

Adverse Events Following Immunization Associated with the First and Second Doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine among Healthcare Workers in Korea.

As worldwide large-scale inoculation of novel vaccines is on the way, the importance of real-world data on safety cannot be overemphasized. We aimed to investigate the adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) associated with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs). We investigated the systemic and local adverse events reported within seven days following the first and second doses of vaccination, using the mobile vaccine adverse events reporting system (MVAERS) developed by our hospital.

Prognostic Factors of Second-line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study.

Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death receptor-1 and its ligand have achieved impressive success in treating patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failed first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, knowledge on clinical biomarkers that could help select patients who will respond well to second-line ICI therapy is limited.

Patients And Methods: Medical records of patients with NSCLC treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and subsequent second-line ICI were collected from 6 medical centers between January 2018 and June 2020.

Adverse Events Following Immunization Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Reported in the Mobile Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System.

Background: Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is underway globally to prevent the infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We aimed to investigate the adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) for COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of the AEFIs associated with the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine at the Kosin University Gospel Hospital from March 3 to March 22, 2021.

The Associations of Aspirin, Statins, and Metformin With Lung Cancer Risk and Related Mortality: A Time-Dependent Analysis of Population-Based Nationally Representative Data.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of aspirin, metformin, and statins with lung cancer risk and mortality using population-based nationwide cohort data.

Methods: This study included a total of 732,199 participants who underwent a national health check-up from 2002 to 2003. Lung cancer incidence and mortality were identified using a registered lung cancer diagnosis code (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, code C34) and the Korean National Death Registry.

Association between electronic cigarette use and metabolic syndrome in the Korean general population: A nationwide population-based study.

Objectives: Although smoking is known to have a negative impact in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), only a few studies have examined the association between electronic cigarette (e-cig) use and MetS.

Methods: Among 22,948 participants in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 14,738 (13,459 [91.3%] never, 954 [6.

High Serum Folate Concentration Is Associated with Better Lung Function in Male Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Who Are Current Smokers: Analysis of Nationwide Population-Based Survey.

Folate, folic acid, has a role in mitigating inflammatory reactions in the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the association of serum folate levels with lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Of the 8149 participants of the 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 311 subjects (192 males and 119 females) having COPD defined by the lower fifth percentile of the reference population were selected.

End-of-Life Care Practice in Dying Patients after Enforcement of Act on Decisions on Life-Sustaining Treatment For Patients in Hospice and Palliative Care or at the End of Life : A Single Center Experience.

Purpose: The Act on Hospice and Palliative Care and Decisions on Life-Sustaining Treatment for Patients at the End of Life came into force in February 2018 in Korea. This study reviews the practices of end-of-life care for patients who withdrew or withheld lifesustaining treatment at a tertiary care hospital, addresses the limitations of the law, and discusses necessary steps to promote patient-centered self-determination.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who died after agreeing to withhold lifesustaining treatment in 2018 at our university hospital.

Association Between Dietary Nutrient Intake and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Severity: A Nationwide Population-Based Representative Sample.

Several nutrients have been suggested to protect against airway destruction antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between disease severity and dietary nutrient intake in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of the 22,948 participants, 702 patients (418 men and 284 women) with COPD, who were defined as the fifth percentile from a reference population were selected.

Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota Composition Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate differences between the gut microbiota composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those with osteoarthritis (OA). Stool samples from nine RA patients and nine OA patients were collected, and DNA was extracted. The gut microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Significant Muscle Hemorrhage Associated With Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Use in Dermatomyositis: A Case Report.

Dermatomyositis is a rare systemic inflammatory disease with characteristic skin features and muscular involvement. Few cases of hemorrhagic myositis with dermatomyositis have been reported worldwide. Here, we report a case of a 43-year-old man with dermatomyositis, which was treated with steroids and low-molecular-weight heparin.

Renal Metastasis of Small Cell Lung Cancer With Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Misdiagnosed as Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Metastases to the kidney from lung cancer are very rare and are usually therefore recognized at autopsy. A 71-year-old man visited the urology department due to symptoms of worsening hematuria. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed a right renal mass.

Endobronchial fungal infection caused by with main bronchus obstruction: a case report.

Endobronchial fungal infection (EBFI) is a rare form of pulmonary fungal infection that especially affects immunocompromised patients. Furthermore, EBFI resulting in obstruction of the main bronchus is extremely rare. With the development of bronchoscopic techniques, rare cases of EBFI have been reported.

Tracheal pleomorphic adenoma with coexisting pulmonary tuberculoma.

Tracheal tumors are rare and difficult to diagnose. Moreover, delays in diagnosis are very common because the symptoms are nonspecific. As a result, tracheal tumors are commonly mistreated as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchial asthma.