Prevalence of Contact Allergy to Rubber Accelerators From the European Baseline Series in Dermatitis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Rubber accelerators are chemicals used as vulcanizers in the production of rubber items and may cause contact allergy (CA). The aim of this study was to assess the worldwide prevalence of CA to rubber accelerators from the European baseline series among dermatitis patients. A comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science yielded 106 studies with 826 543 individuals patch tested between 1984 and 2023.

Nickel Allergy and Piercings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nickel is the most frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis in Europe and worldwide despite 20 years of regulation. The aim of this study is to systematically assess (i) the risk of nickel allergy associated with piercings and (ii) the proportion of earrings for piercings on the market that release excessive amounts of nickel. The databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched.

Trends in Contact Allergy to Preservatives From 2014 to 2023: Benzisothiazolinone on the Rise.

Background: Skin sensitising preservatives are commonly used in consumer and industrial products. The widespread use of preservatives has led to recurrent epidemics of contact allergy.

Objectives: To investigate temporal trends of contact allergy to preservatives from 2014 to 2023.

CD8 Skin-Resident Memory T Cells Require TCR Signaling for their Persistence in a Mouse Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis.

CD8 epidermal-resident memory T (T) cells play a significant role in fighting off pathogens. However, CD8 T cells are also central in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory skin diseases. It is unclear whether the generation and persistence of CD8 T cells are dependent on the presence of cognate antigen and TCR signaling.

Thresholds for Contact Allergy to a Rubber Accelerator: TETD-Determined by Serial Dilution Patch Testing and a Simulated Glove-Use Model.

Background: Rubber accelerators found in rubber gloves may cause contact allergy and thus allergic contact dermatitis.

Objectives: To investigate which doses of tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) elicit allergic contact dermatitis by patch testing and in a repeated occluded application test simulating glove use.

Patients And Methods: A multicentre study was conducted.

Contact Dermatitis and Related Exposures in Danish Adolescents-Self-Reported Data From a Nationwide Questionnaire Study.

Background: Very little is known about skin exposures and related contact dermatitis among adolescents in the general population.

Objectives: To explore the epidemiology of contact dermatitis and related skin exposures in Danish adolescents.

Materials And Methods: The study was designed as a self-administered questionnaire study.

[Hand eczema].

Hand eczema is a frequent disease, often with an early debut, a tendency to become chronic and it may carry many consequences. Hand eczema is classified depending on aetiology and clinical types. Few treatments have been developed specifically to hand eczema and treatment failure is not infrequent.

[Contact allergens].

Approximately 5,200 contact allergens are known. Developing and implementing new chemical substances in the industry and the addition of these substances in various commercial products is a continuous process, and new contact allergens are frequently identified. This review has been prepared to provide an update on new contact allergens, including rubber accelerators, acrylates, preservatives, and antioxidants, and new application areas for known allergens.

Twenty Years of Contact Allergy in Danish Cleaners: A Matched Cross-Sectional Study.

Cleaners are affected by occupational contact dermatitis, with both allergic and irritant causes. More knowledge on contact allergy in cleaners is needed for better preventive measures. To investigate which contact allergens from the European baseline series (EBS) are associated with the cleaning profession.

Prevalence of Contact Allergy to Neomycin in Dermatitis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic frequently employed in topical formulations, is a recognised allergen that is part of many baseline series and can cause contact allergy (CA) in both adults and children. It is an allergen of interest as it has a widespread use in over-the-counter and prescription products globally, but geographical variations may exist. This study aimed to establish prevalence estimates of CA to neomycin in dermatitis patients and to investigate potential geographical variations.

Legislation and Current Practices Concerning Risk Assessment of Skin Sensitizers in the European Union: A Comparative and Survey Study.

Background: Despite legislation aimed to protect the population against skin sensitization in the European Union (EU), over one quarter of the general population is sensitised to at least one chemical.

Objectives: To provide an overview and comparison of European legislation concerning skin sensitization. In addition, we gathered the opinions of experts and stakeholders regarding improvements in the legislation and risk assessment process in the EU, to provide suggestions for improvement.

Allergens Responsible for Contact Allergy in Children From 2010 to 2024: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Contact allergy (CA) is a frequent condition in children; however, newer estimates of the prevalence of CA in children are lacking. Herein, we aim to provide an estimate of the prevalence of CA in children from 2010 to 2024. Two authors independently searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for studies reporting the prevalence of positive patch tests (PPTs) to allergens in populations including ≥ 100 children (< 18 years).

Transcriptomic profiling of chronic hand eczema skin reveals shared immune pathways and molecular drivers across subtypes.

Background: Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a common skin disease with different subtypes, but knowledge of the molecular patterns associated with each subtype is limited.

Objective: We sought to characterize the CHE transcriptome across subtypes.

Methods: Using RNA sequencing, we studied the transcriptome of 220 full-thickness skin biopsy samples collected from palms, dorsa, and arms from 96 patients with CHE and/or atopic dermatitis (AD) and 32 healthy controls.

Atopic dermatitis and hand eczema in Danish adults: A nationwide population-based study.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) and hand eczema often co-occur, particularly among adults.

Objectives: To examine the interplay between AD and hand eczema in the general population, by characterising prevalence, disease severity, contact sensitization, and comorbidities in individuals with one or both conditions.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 000 randomly selected adults in the Danish general population received a questionnaire via a secure, digital mailbox linked to their civil registration number.

Hidden formaldehyde in cosmetic products.

Background: Formaldehyde is a common cause of contact allergy. Hidden formaldehyde, that is, formaldehyde in products without formaldehyde releasers, has previously been detected in cosmetic products.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the content and causes of hidden formaldehyde in leave-on cosmetic products.

Chromium and cobalt in leather: A Danish market survey.

Introduction: Leather has been a significant source of chromium (Cr) allergy in Denmark since the 1990s. More recently, cobalt (Co) allergy has been identified in leather as a source of allergic contact dermatitis.

Objectives: To measure Cr and Co levels in Danish leather goods.

Contact sensitization to fragrance mix I and fragrance mix II among European dermatitis patients: A systematic review.

Background: Fragrance substances are a frequent cause of contact allergy worldwide. Fragrance exposure varies by sex, age and possibly country, influenced by cosmetic availability, environmental conditions and cultural practices.

Objectives: To systematically review and gather prevalence of sensitization to fragrance mix I (FM I) and fragrance mix II (FM II) in consecutively patch tested European dermatitis patients.

Referral Pathways for Children with Atopic Diseases in Denmark.

Atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and/or asthma are common. In Denmark, however, there are multiple referral pathways for these diseases in the healthcare system and they are poorly understood. To describe how children with atopic diseases navigate their way through the Danish healthcare system, a questionnaire was distributed to children aged ≤ 17 years, who were being treated for atopic diseases between August 2020 and June 2021, either by a practising specialist or a hospital department, in the Capital Region of Denmark.