Metabolomic profiles of an atherogenic TMAO-dietary pattern among postmenopausal women.

Purpose: We previously identified a dietary pattern (DP) associated with plasma trimethylamine -oxide (TMAO) and choline, the TMAO-DP, where higher scores represent more atherogenic potential of the diet. The mechanisms linking dietary intake to the presence of choline and TMAO in the plasma, and by which TMAO may influence atherosclerosis in humans require further clarification. The objective was to evaluate associations between the TMAO-DP and metabolomic profiles in postmenopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI).

Gonadotropin trajectories among postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy.

Objective: While evidence suggests that gonadotropins may play an important role in aging-related changes in body composition and health outcomes, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) patterns have not been well characterized in older women. We characterized patterns of FSH and LH change over time after menopause.

Methods: In a sample of 291 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative OsteoPerio study who were not using hormone therapy, we estimated FSH and LH trajectories over a 20-year period using group-based trajectory modeling.

Dietary intake and an atherogenic dietary pattern in relation to retinal vessel caliber 15-years later in the carotenoids in age-related eye disease study.

Background & Aims: The association between diet and retinal vessel caliber (RVC) has been under studied. One way diet can impact vascular health is through trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO) production from the metabolism of choline. The TMAO dietary pattern (DP) is a diet pattern associated with plasma TMAO and choline.

Development and Validation of Body Mass Index-Specific Waist Circumference Thresholds in Postmenopausal Women : A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: A 2020 consensus statement proposed body mass index (BMI)-specific waist circumference (WC) thresholds to improve patient care.

Objective: To determine whether stratifying BMI categories by BMI-specific WC thresholds improves mortality risk prediction.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal Women.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) could affect blood pressure regulation by suppressing gastric acid required for the conversion of oral nitrite into nitric oxide. Whether PPI use is associated with incident hypertension remains unknown.

Methods: We included 64 720 menopausal women who were free from cardiovascular disease and hypertension at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993-1998).

Circulating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and liver cancer risk: a nested case-control analysis of individual participant data from 12 prospective cohorts.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with numerous deleterious health outcomes including liver damage. However, whether exposure to PFAS is associated with liver cancer risk remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a matched nested case-control study among 12 prospective cohort studies located in the United States.

The Association of Long COVID-19 Symptoms, Physical Function, and Activities of Daily Living Among Older Women.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 on physical function (PF) outcomes among older adults remains unclear. We examined the long-term association between COVID, PF, and Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) among women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).

Methods: Participants from the WHI who completed the COVID-19 survey (2021-2022) and annual survey (2022) were included.

Anthropometric Measures and Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Purpose: Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), the most common indication for corneal transplantation in the United States. Prior studies have suggested an association of height, weight, or body mass index (BMI) with FECD. We examined the association between anthropometric measures and incident FECD in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) of postmenopausal women (n = 22,983).

Cardiovascular disease, bone fracture, and all-cause mortality risks among postmenopausal women by arthritis and veteran status: A multistate Markov transition analysis.

Arthritis, a chronic inflammatory condition linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and bone fracture, is more frequent among military veterans and postmenopausal women. This study examined correlates of arthritis and relationships of arthritis with risks of developing CVD, bone fractures, and mortality among postmenopausal veteran and non-veteran women. We analyzed longitudinal data on 135,790 (3,436 veteran and 132,354 non-veteran) postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative who were followed-up for an average of 16 years between enrollment (1993-1998) and February 17, 2024.

Correlates of multidimensional sleep in premenopausal women: The BioCycle study.

Purpose: To identify sleep dimensions (characteristics) that co-occur in premenopausal women. The second aim was to examine associations between multiple dimensions of sleep and a set of demographic, lifestyle, and health correlates. The overarching goal was to uncover patterns of poor-sleep correlates that might inform interventions to improve sleep health of women in this age group.

Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Older Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Epidemiological studies have been inconsistent regarding an association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and risk of primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.

Methods: We studied 85,189 postmenopausal women (mean age 63 years at baseline) without known CVD at enrollment into the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993-1998). PPI use was determined from medication inventories at baseline and Year-3.

Associations between the incidence of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy and menopausal hormone therapy use and exposure to endogenous estrogen.

Objectives: End-stage Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy is a leading cause of corneal blindness, with a higher prevalence in females than in males. Few modifiable risk factors have been identified. We examined associations between menopausal hormone therapy use (never/past/current), duration of hormone therapy use, estimated lifetime exposure to endogenous estrogen, and serum estradiol with incident Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy in a cohort of postmenopausal women.

Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT) and long-term breast cancer mortality in the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: While the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT) predicts breast cancer incidence, the model's performance, re-purposed to predict breast cancer mortality, is uncertain. Therefore, we examined whether the BCRAT model predicts breast cancer mortality in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).

Methods: BCRAT 5-year breast cancer incidence risk estimates were calculated for 145,408 women (aged 50-79 years) enrolled in the WHI at 40 US clinical centers to examine associations of BCRAT risk groups (< 1%, 1-< 3%, ≥ 3%) with breast cancer mortality using Cox proportional regression modeling in all participants and in those with incident breast cancer.

Diabetes risk reduction diet and risk of liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality: A prospective cohort study.

Background: We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association between a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) score and the risk of liver cancer development and chronic liver disease-specific mortality.

Methods: We included 98,786 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative-Observational Study and the usual diet arm of the Diet Modification trial. The DRRD score was derived from eight factors: high intakes of dietary fiber, coffee, nuts, polyunsaturated fatty acids, low intakes of red and processed meat, foods with high glycemic index, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and trans fat based on a validated Food-Frequency Questionnaire administered at baseline (1993-1998).

Association Between Healthy Eating Index-2020 and Oral Microbiome Among Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Dietary intake has been suggested to be associated with the oral microbiome, but no study has examined the association between overall diet quality and the oral microbiome.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) and the diversity and composition of the oral microbiome among participants in the Buffalo Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) Study.

Methods: In 1175 postmenopausal women (mean age: 67 ± 7.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers: Long-Term Follow-Up of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trials.

Purpose: Menopausal hormone therapy's influence on ovarian and endometrial cancers remains unsettled. Therefore, we assessed the long-term influence of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and CEE-alone on ovarian and endometrial cancer incidence and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials.

Materials And Methods: Postmenopausal women, age 50-79 years, were entered on two randomized clinical trials evaluating different menopausal hormone therapy regimens.

Accuracy of self-reported treated hypertension in the women's health initiative: Comparisons with medication inventories.

Few studies have reported on the accuracy of self-reported hypertension history among older postmenopausal women, which was this study's objective. Participants were postmenopausal women enrolled in the Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) study, an ancillary investigation of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) at the Buffalo, New York, clinical site. Participants self-reported their history of physician diagnosed hypertension treated with medication at WHI-OS enrollment (1993-1998; n = 1342, mean age 63 years), then 3 years later at OsteoPerio enrollment (1997-2001; n = 1342), and again at OsteoPerio Year 5 follow-up (2002-2005; n = 1020).

Risk factors for long COVID syndrome in postmenopausal women with previously reported diagnosis of COVID-19.

Purpose: Long COVID-19 syndrome occurs in 10-20 % of people after a confirmed/probable SARS-COV-2 infection; new symptoms begin within three months of COVID-19 diagnosis and last > 8 weeks. Little is known about risk factors for long COVID, particularly in older people who are at greater risk of COVID complications.

Methods: Data are from Women's Health Initiative (WHI) postmenopausal women who completed COVID surveys that included questions on whether they had ever been diagnosed with COVID and length and nature of symptoms.

Estrogen Plus Progestin and Colorectal Cancer: Long-Term Findings From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trial.

JCO We report long-term colorectal cancer findings from the Women's Health Initiative trial where 16,608 postmenopausal women with a uterus were randomly assigned to daily conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg, plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 2.5 mg, or placebo.

Association of clonal hematopoiesis and mosaic chromosomal alterations with solid malignancy incidence and mortality.

Background: Understanding the impact of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) on solid tumor risk and mortality can shed light on novel cancer pathways.

Methods: The authors analyzed whole genome sequencing data from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Women's Health Initiative study (n = 10,866). They investigated the presence of CHIP and mCA and their association with the development and mortality of breast, lung, and colorectal cancers.

Breast cancer incidence and mortality by metabolic syndrome and obesity: The Women's Health Initiative.

Background: In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trial, dietary intervention significantly reduced breast cancer mortality, especially in women with more metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. Therefore, this study investigated the associations of MetS and obesity with postmenopausal breast cancer after long-term follow-up in the WHI clinical trials.

Methods: A total of 68,132 postmenopausal women, without prior breast cancer and with normal mammogram, were entered into WHI randomized clinical trials; 63,330 women with an entry MetS score comprised the study population.