Factors Influencing Long-Term Outcomes in Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with substantial long-term morbidity. This study aims to describe factors associated with recurrence, mortality, and neurological disability.

Methods: Australian children with radiologically confirmed AIS were enrolled prospectively to the Royal Children's Hospital stroke registry from 2003 to 2017.

After-hours radiology reporting in an Australian tertiary hospital: Factors influencing the rate of discrepancy for computed tomography reporting.

Introduction: Demand for after-hours radiology services across Australia has been rapidly increasing for many years. Public hospital radiology departments are generally staffed by trainees after hours, often 1-2 doctors. This study reviewed 1 year of after-hours data at a tertiary hospital in Sydney, to determine overall discrepancy rates and factors which influenced the rate of discrepancy after hours.

The Woven EndoBridge Device for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Initial Clinical Experience within an Australian Population.

Purpose: Advances in endovascular technology have expanded the treatment options for intracranial aneurysms. Intrasaccular flow diversion is a relatively new technique that aims to disrupt blood inflow at the neck of the aneurysm, hence promoting intrasaccular thrombosis. The Woven EndoBridge device (WEB; MicroVention, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) is an US Food and Drug Administration approved intrasaccular flow diverter for wide-necked aneurysms.

Surgical management of giant pulmonary artery aneurysms in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background And Aim: Giant aneurysm of the pulmonary artery (PAA) is an extremely rare condition that may develop in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) which may be complicated by rupture, dissection or intravascular thrombus formation. The aim of this study was to examine available literature with regard to surgical strategies in patients undergoing transplantation for PAH with PAA.

Results: These patients were traditionally considered for heart-lung transplantation but more recently, there have been reports of successful lung transplantation with reconstruction of the pulmonary artery.

CLiP, catheter and line position dataset.

Correct catheter position is crucial to ensuring appropriate function of the catheter and avoid complications. This paper describes a dataset consisting of 50,612 image level and 17,999 manually labelled annotations from 30,083 chest radiographs from the publicly available NIH ChestXRay14 dataset with manually annotated and segmented endotracheal tubes (ETT), nasoenteric tubes (NET) and central venous catheters (CVCs).

CaRotid Artery Filtering Technique (CRAFT): A Technique for Carotid Artery Stenting with Intrinsic Embolic Protection.

Purpose: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an established treatment for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy. A variety of techniques and devices have been devised to minimise periprocedural stroke risk using either proximal or distal embolic protection. This study presents a method of embolic protection during CAS-the CaRotid Artery Filtering Technique (CRAFT).

Risk stratification of indeterminate thyroid nodules using ultrasound and machine learning algorithms.

Background: Indeterminate thyroid nodules (Bethesda III) are challenging to characterize without diagnostic surgery. Auxiliary strategies including molecular analysis, machine learning models, and ultrasound grading with Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) can help to triage accordingly, but further refinement is needed to prevent unnecessary surgeries and increase positive predictive values.

Design: Retrospective review of 88 patients with Bethesda III nodules who had diagnostic surgery with final pathological diagnosis.

Association of Pediatric ASPECTS and NIH Stroke Scale, Hemorrhagic Transformation, and 12-Month Outcome in Children With Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Objectives: We aimed to determine whether a modified pediatric Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (modASPECTS) is associated with clinical stroke severity, hemorrhagic transformation, and 12-month functional outcomes in children with acute arterial ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: Children (age 29 days-<18 years) with acute AIS enrolled in 2 institutional prospective stroke registries at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Australia were retrospectively analyzed to determine whether modASPECTS, in which higher scores are worse, correlated with acute pediatric NIH Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS) scores (children ≥2 years of age), was associated with hemorrhagic transformation on acute MRI, and correlated with 12-month functional outcome on the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure.

Results: One hundred thirty-one children were included; 91 were ≥2 years of age.

Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy: Do Steroids Improve Outcome?

Background And Purpose: Focal cerebral arteriopathy accounts for up to 35% of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children and is the most important predictor of stroke recurrence. The study objective was to compare outcomes for children with focal cerebral arteriopathy treated with combined corticosteroid antithrombotic treatment (CAT) to those receiving antithrombotic treatment (AT) alone.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective Swiss/Australian cohort study analyzed consecutive children, aged 1 month to 18 years, presenting with first AIS because of a focal cerebral arteriopathy from 2000 to 2014.