Unit costs of opioid agonist therapy: a global systematic review and cost extrapolation.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) face elevated risks of HIV and viral hepatitis transmission. Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) like methadone and buprenorphine reduce drug-related harms and improve health outcomes among PWID. Despite effectiveness, global OAT coverage remains suboptimal.

In Situ Ligand Transformation for the Development of Luminescent 3D Metal-Organic Frameworks with Diamond-like Topology.

Here, the synthesis by a soft solvothermal route of two novel isoreticular compounds based on the in situ generated (by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution) 2-hydroxi-5-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (HL) ligand and Zn-(II) and Cd-(II) as metallic centers (with the general formula [ML] and labeled as GR-MOF-30 for M = Zn and GR-MOF-31 for M = Cd) is reported, together with their detailed structural and photoluminescent characterization. These metal-organic frameworks are the first examples of coordination compounds based on Zn-(II) and Cd-(II) constructed with this novel ligand. Structures show remarkable intermolecular interactions, including C-F···π and π···π stacking, which not only stabilize the structure but also improve the luminescent properties of the materials.

Longitudinal effect of HCV cure on markers of kidney disease.

Chronic hepatitis C infection has been linked to chronic kidney disease. Despite availability of all oral highly curative direct acting antiviral treatment for more than a decade, impact of HCV cure on extrinsically measured iohexol glomerular filtration rate (iGFR), a marker of kidney function, has not been rigorously evaluated. Over two recruitment periods (October 14, 2010 - July 23, 2012 and December 15, 2015 - September 12, 2019), we enrolled 208 participants with chronic HCV infection, 63% of whom were co-infected with HIV.

Multiple approaches to genetic sequencing to identify hepatitis C virus reinfection among people who inject drugs.

The burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among persons who inject drugs is determined by dynamics of infection, spontaneous clearance, treatment clearance, treatment failure, and reinfection. Although analysis of HCV sequences is often used to infer the net contribution of these factors, those inferences are complicated by the quasispecies distribution and continued evolution of infection within each host. We used deep sequencing by Nanopore to study sequences of persons with and without self-reported HCV treatment.

Zirconium-Polycarboxylato Gel Systems as Substrates to Develop Advanced Fluorescence Sensing Devices.

This study presents the development of zirconium polycarboxylate gel systems as substrates for advanced fluorescence sensing devices. Zirconium-based metal-organic gels (MOGs) offer a promising alternative due to the robustness of the Zr-O bond, which provides enhanced chemical stability. In this work, zirconium polycarboxylate gels were synthesized using green solvents in a rapid room temperature method.

Social and policy characteristics associated with injurious shootings by police in US counties: A multilevel analysis, 2015-2020.

From 2015 to 2020, shootings by police injured or killed 1769 people annually in the United States, disproportionately harming members of minoritized groups. Prior studies of the structural determinants of these inequities have largely examined state-level aggregations and fatal outcomes. This study aimed to: 1) describe state and county variation in fatal and nonfatal injurious shootings by police, and 2) analyze the relationship between state and county context and differences in county rates of injurious shootings by police.

Individual Heterogeneity and Trends in Hepatitis C Infection Risk Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among people who inject drugs (PWID). While elimination of HCV as a public health problem may be possible through treatment-as-prevention, reinfection can attenuate the impact of treatment scale-up. There is a need to better understand the distribution and temporal trends in HCV infection risk, including among HCV-seropositive individuals who will be eligible for treatment and at risk for subsequent reinfection.

A family of Cd(II) coordination polymers constructed from 6-aminopicolinate and bipyridyl co-linkers: study of their growth in paper and photoluminescence sensing of Fe and Zn ions.

In this work, we report on five novel coordination polymers (CPs) based on the linkage of the [Cd(6apic)] building block [where 6apic = 6-aminopicolinate] by different bipyridine-type organic spacers, forming different coordination compounds with the following formulae: [Cd(μ-6apic)] (1), {[Cd(6apic)(μ-bipy)]·HO} (2), {[Cd(6apic)(μ-bpe)]·2HO} (3), [Cd(6apic)(μ-6apic)(μ-bpa)] (4) and {[Cd(6apic)(μ-tmbp)]·7HO} (5) [where bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, bpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, bpa = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpa) and tmbp = 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane]. Most of the synthesized compounds form infinite metal-organic rods through the linkage of the building block by the bipyridine-type linker, except in the case of compound 4 whose assembly forms a densely packed 3D architecture. All compounds were fully characterized and their photoluminescence properties were studied experimentally and computationally through density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

A cross-sectional assessment of injection of "salts" and HIV transmission-related behaviours among a cohort of people who inject drugs in Kyrgyzstan.

Introduction: Despite the increasing availability of new psychoactive substances (hereafter referred to as "salts") in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, there is a dearth of epidemiological data on the relationship between injecting "salts" and HIV risk behaviours. This is particularly relevant in settings where injection drug use accounts for a substantial proportion of the HIV burden, such as in Kyrgyzstan, a former Soviet Republic. This study assessed whether injecting "salts" is associated with sexual and injection-related HIV risk behaviours among people who inject drugs in Kyrgyzstan.

Relationship between patient activation and utilisation of health care and harm reduction services among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.

Introduction: Given structural barriers, access to services is key for preventing drug-related harms and managing chronic disease among people who inject drugs (PWID). The Patient Activation Measure (PAM), a validated scale to assess self-efficacy in navigating one's own health care, was operationalised to improve service utilisation and outcomes but has not been assessed among PWID. We characterised PAM and its association with healthcare and harm reduction utilisation among PWID in the AIDS Linked to IntraVenous Experience cohort in Baltimore.

Cerium(III) and 5-methylisophthalate-based MOFs with slow relaxation of magnetization and photoluminescence emission.

Two novel Ce(III) metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with formulas [Ce(5Meip)(H-5Meip)]GR-MOF-17 and [CeCl(5Meip)(DMF)]GR-MOF-18 (5Meip = 5-methylisophthalate, DMF = ,-dimethylformamide) have been synthesized, forming 3-dimensional frameworks. Magnetic measurements show that both compounds present field-induced slow magnetic relaxation under a small applied dc field. For GR-MOF-17, the temperature dependence of relaxation times is best described by a Raman mechanism, whereas for GR-MOF-18, relaxation occurs through a combination of Raman and local-mode pathways.

Characteristics of Injurious Shootings by Police Along the Urban-Rural Continuum.

Introduction: Much research on shootings by police has focused on urban jurisdictions, but most U.S. law enforcement agencies are not located in cities.

Multifunctional Amino Acid Derivative Coordination Compounds: Novel Contrast Agent and Luminescence Materials.

In this work a family of multidimensional (2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl) amino acid coordination compounds have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized. For this purpose, glycine, valine, phenylalanine and tyrosine have been selected as starting amino acids and Mn, Zn and Cd as metallic nodes. From one side, for Mn based dimer magnetic resonance imaging studies have been conducted, prompted by the number and disposition of the coordinated water molecules and taking into consideration the promising future of manganese-based coordination compounds as bio-compatible substitutes to conventional Gd based contrast agents.

Asynchronous Video Directly Observed Therapy to Monitor Short-Course Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Observing medication ingestion through self-recorded videos (video directly observed therapy [VDOT]) has been shown to be a cost-effective alternative to in-person directly observed therapy (DOT) for monitoring adherence to treatment for tuberculosis disease. VDOT could be a useful tool to monitor short-course latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment.

Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing VDOT (intervention) and clinic-based DOT (control) among patients newly diagnosed with LTBI who agreed to a once-weekly 3-month treatment regimen of isoniazid and rifapentine.

From field-induced to zero-field SMMs associated with open/closed structures of bis(ZnDy) tetranuclear complexes: a combined magnetic, theoretical and optical study.

We have prepared a bis(compartmental) Mannich base ligand HL (1,4,8,11-tetraaza-1,4,8,11-tetrakis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)cyclotetradecane) specifically designed to obtain bis(TMLn) tetranuclear complexes (TM = transition metal). In this regard, we have succeeded in obtaining three new complexes of the formula [Zn(μ-L)(μ-OAc)Dy(NO)]·[Zn(μ-L)(μ-OAc)Dy(NO)(OAc)]·4CHCl·2MeOH (1) and [TM(μ-HL)(μ-succinate)Ln(NO)] (NO)·2HO·6MeOH (TM = Zn, Ln = Dy (2); TM = Co, Ln = Dy (3)). Compound 1 contains two different bis(ZnDy) tetranuclear molecules that cocrystallize in the structure, in which acetato bridging ligands connect the Zn and Dy ions within each ZnDy subunit.

National Burden of Injury and Deaths From Shootings by Police in the United States, 2015‒2020.

To describe all-outcome injurious shootings by police and compare characteristics of fatal versus nonfatal injurious shootings nationally. From July 2021 to April 2023, we manually reviewed publicly available records on all 2015-2020 injurious shootings by US police, identified from Gun Violence Archive. We estimated injury frequency, case fatality rates, and relative odds of death by incident and victim characteristics.

Longitudinal patterns of use of stimulants and opioids in the AIDS linked to the IntraVenous experience cohort, 2005-2019.

Background: Overdoses involving opioids and stimulants are on the rise, yet few studies have examined longitudinal trends in use of both substances. We sought to describe use and co-use of opioids and stimulants, 2005-2019, in the AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) cohort - a community-based cohort of people with a history of injection drug use living in or near Baltimore, MD.

Methods: We included 2083 ALIVE participants, who had at least two visits during the study period.

Cost-effectiveness of a police education program on HIV and overdose among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico.

Background: Incarceration is associated with drug-related harms among people who inject drugs (PWID). We trained >1800 police officers in Tijuana, Mexico on occupational safety and HIV/HCV, harm reduction, and decriminalization reforms (Proyecto Escudo). We evaluated its effect on incarceration, population impact and cost-effectiveness on HIV and fatal overdose among PWID.

Effects of the tetravanadate [VO] anion on the structural, magnetic, and biological properties of copper/phenanthroline complexes.

The aim to access linked tetravanadate [VO] anion with mixed copper(II) complexes, using α-amino acids and phenanthroline-derived ligands, resulted in the formation of four copper(II) complexes [Cu(dmb)(Gly)(OH)][Cu(dmb)(Gly)][VO]·9HO (1) [Cu(dmb)(Lys)][VO]·8HO (2), [Cu(dmp)][VO]·CHOH·11HO (3), and [Cu(dmp)(Gly)Cl]·2HO (4), where dmb = 4,4'-dimethioxy-2,2'-bipyridine; Gly = glycine; Lys = lysine; and dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline. The [VO] anion is functionalized with mixed copper(II) units in 1 and 2; while in 3, it acts as a counterion of two [Cu(dmp)] units. Compound 4 crystallized as a unit that did not incorporate the vanadium cluster.

Case report: Prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis with acquired resistance in the walK gene.

We report the case of a patient with infective endocarditis on a prosthetic aortic valve due to Staphylococcus epidermidis, not a candidate for prosthetic replacement surgery. After three months of supressive treatment with dalbavancin, fever reappears, with growth of S. epidermidis.

Costing analysis of a point-of-care drug checking program in Rhode Island.

Background: Drug checking is a harm reduction strategy that provides greater awareness and information about the drug supply to the community. While fentanyl test strips are low-cost and available in most parts of the U.S.

Demographic patterns and disparities in new HIV diagnoses attributed to injection drug use in the United States.

People who inject drugs (PWID) exhibit disproportionate HIV burdens in the United States. We characterized longitudinal patterns and demographic disparities in new HIV diagnoses attributed to injection drug use (IDU) in 2008-2020. Although new IDU-attributed HIV diagnoses fell by 53.

Time-to-completion of COVID-19 vaccination primary series varies by HIV viral load status among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.

People who inject drugs (PWID) may have diminished access to essential preventive services like COVID-19 vaccination given structural and substance use barriers. We aimed to assess the role of HIV on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among adult PWID participating in the ALIVE cohort study in Baltimore, Maryland who were alive as of April 2021. We abstracted COVID-19 vaccination data from electronic medical records via the regional health information exchange.