Validation of stay-green and stem reserve mobilization QTLs: physiological and gene expression approach.

Introduction: Abiotic stress significantly reduces the wheat yield by hindering several physiological processes in plant. Stay-green (SG) and stem reserve mobilization (SRM) are the two key physiological traits, which can contribute significantly to grain filling during stress period. Validation of genomic regions linked to SG and SRM is needed for its subsequent use in marker-assisted selection in breeding program.

Genome-wide association mapping for stay-green and stem reserve mobilization traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under combined heat and drought stress.

Stay-green (SG) and stem reserve mobilization (SRM) are two significant mutually exclusive traits, which contributes to grain-filling during drought and heat stress in wheat. The current research was conducted in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) panel consisting of 278 wheat genotypes of advanced breeding lines to find the markers linked with SG and SRM traits and also to screen the superior genotypes. SG and SRM traits, viz.

Discovering the regulators of heat stress tolerance in (Burm.f) wight and walk.-arn.

Unlabelled: an elite heat-stress tolerant shrub, grows in arid regions of desert. However, its molecular mechanism responsible for heat stress tolerance is unexplored. Therefore, we analysed whole transcriptome of Jaisalmer (heat tolerant) and Godhra (heat sensitive) genotypes of to understand its molecular mechanism responsible for heat stress tolerance.

In planta transformation in wheat: an improved protocol to develop wheat transformants.

Background: Lack of efficient transformation protocol continues to be a major bottleneck for successful genome editing or transgenic development in wheat. An in planta transformation method was developed in Indian bread wheat in earlier study (Vasil et al. in Nat Biotechnol 10:667-674, 1992) which was labour-intensive and time-consuming.

Transcriptome Analysis of (L.) R. Br. Provides Insight Into Heat Stress Responses.

(L.) R. Br.

Expression of a Pennisetum glaucum gene DREB2A confers enhanced heat, drought and salinity tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.

Background: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is an essential cereal crop, whose growth and yield are not impacted by abiotic stresses, such as drought, heat, and cold. The DREB transcription factors (TF) are some of the largest groups of TFs in plants and play varied roles in plant stress response and signal transduction.

Methods And Results: In the present study, PgDREB2A gene encoding a DREB transcription factor in pearl millet was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis.

Novel ASR isolated from drought stress responsive SSH library in pearl millet confers multiple abiotic stress tolerance in PgASR3 transgenic Arabidopsis.

A genomic resource of drought stress responsive genes/ESTs was generated using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) approach in a drought stress tolerant Pennisetum glaucum genotype 841B. Fifty five days old plants were subjected to drought stress after withholding water for different time intervals (10 days, 15 days, 20 days and 25 days). A forward subtractive cDNA library was prepared from isolated RNA of leaf tissue.

Drought tolerance in L. genotypes associated with enhanced antioxidative protection and declined lipid peroxidation.

Drought is one of the major constraints in wheat production and causes a huge loss at grain-filling stage. In this study we highlighted the response of different wheat genotypes under drought stress at the grain-filling stage. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate 72 wheat ( L.

Heat stress inducible cytoplasmic isoform of ClpB1 from Z. nummularia exhibits enhanced thermotolerance in transgenic tobacco.

Previously, we isolated CDS of Ziziphus nummularia isoform ZnJClpB1-C from heat stress-tolerant genotype Jaisalmer. To further functionally validate ZnJClpB1-C assumed function in tobacco and to generate novel germplasm for heat stress tolerance, this gene was transformed in the Nicotiana tabacum. ClpB proteins are the major key player required for basal and induced heat stress tolerance in plant cells under heat stress.

A quick, easy and cost-effective method to develop direct transformants in wheat.

mediated method was used to transform Indian elite wheat genotype HD2894 with herbicide-tolerant - (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene. The apical meristems of germinated seeds were targeted for introgression of transgene. The obtained T plants were screened by spraying 1% glyphosate and only positive transformants survived.

Heat stress transcripts, differential expression, and profiling of heat stress tolerant gene TaHsp90 in Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv C306.

To generate a genetic resource of heat stress responsive genes/ESTs, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library was constructed in a heat and drought stress tolerant Indian bread wheat cultivar C306. Ninety three days old plants during grain filling stage were subjected to heat stress at an elevated temperature of 37°C and 42°C for different time intervals (30 min, 1h, 2h, 4h, and 6h). Two subtractive cDNA libraries were prepared with RNA isolated from leaf samples at 37°C and 42°C heat stress.

Transcript profiling and gene expression analysis under drought stress in Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wright & Arn.

Drought is one of the prime abiotic stresses responsible for limiting agricultural productivity. A number of drought responsive genes have been isolated and functionally characterized but these studies have been restricted to a few model plant systems. Very few drought responsive genes have been reported till date from non model drought tolerant plants.

Transcriptome sequence analysis and mining of SSRs in Jhar Ber (Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn) under drought stress.

Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn.

Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel vip3-type gene from Bacillus thuringiensis and evaluation of its toxicity against Helicoverpa armigera.

Vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips) represent the second generation of insecticidal trans-genes that will complement the Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins in future. A new vip3A gene was cloned from the promising native isolate, B. thuringiensis JK37 obtained from the soils of maize field.

Characterization of lepidopteran-specific and gene harbouring native isolates toxic against .

() based biopesticides are feasible alternatives to chemical pesticides. Here, we present the distribution of lepidopteran-specific and genes in native . Forty four out of 86 colonies were found to harbour crystals by phase contrast microscopy exhibiting a index of 0.

Molecular cloning and characterization of drought stress responsive abscisic acid-stress-ripening (Asr 1) gene from wild jujube, Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn.

Drought is a calamitous abiotic stress hampering agricultural productivity all over the world and its severity is likely to increase further. Abscisic acid-stress-ripening proteins (ASR), are a group of small hydrophilic proteins which are induced by abscisic acid, stress and ripening in many plants. In the present study, ZnAsr 1 gene was fully characterized for the first time from Ziziphus nummularia, which is one of the most low water forbearing plant.

Identification of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid gene (phc CD) from Bacillus pumilus MTCC7615 and its role in antagonism against Rhizoctonia solani.

Bacillus pumilus MTCC7615, a biocontrol agent isolated from rice rhizosphere was characterized to be antagonistic to Rhizoctonia solani, the pathogen causing sheath blight disease of rice. The phenazine-1-carboxylic acid gene (phc CD) of this bacterium was PCR amplified (1400 bp), cloned, and sequenced. The sequence analysis revealed the presence of two ORFs of phc CD gene commonly found in Pseudomonas species.

Molecular and insecticidal characterization of Vip3A protein producing Bacillus thuringiensis strains toxic against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip) represent the second generation of insecticidal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) during the vegetative growth stage of growth. Bt-based biopesticides are recognized as viable alternatives to chemical insecticides; the latter cause environmental pollution and lead to the emergence of pest resistance. To perform a systematic study of vip genes encoding toxic proteins, a total of 30 soil samples were collected from diverse locations of Kashmir valley, India, and characterized by molecular and analytical methods.

Development and characterization of a high temperature stress responsive subtractive cDNA library in Pearl Millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.

Transcriptional profiling in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.R. Br.) for identification of differentially expressed drought responsive genes.

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is an important cereal of traditional farming systems that has the natural ability to withstand various abiotic stresses. The present study aims at the identification and validation of major differentially expressed genes in response to drought stress in P. glaucum by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) analysis.

Molecular cloning and in-silico characterization of high temperature stress responsive pAPX gene isolated from heat tolerant Indian wheat cv. Raj 3765.

Background: Heat stress leads to accelerated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which causes a huge amount of oxidative damage to the cellular components of plants. A large number of heat stress related genes as HSPs, catalases, peroxidases are overexpressed at the time of stress. A potent stress responsive gene peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase (TapAPX) obtained from heat stress (42 °C) responsive subtractive cDNA library from a thermo tolerant wheat cv.

Molecular characterization of cellulose-degrading Bacillus pumilus from the soil of tea garden, Darjeeling hills, India.

Bio-fuel produced from ethanol is economically and environmentally advantageous in context of changing global climate. A large number of microorganisms are capable of cellulase production but most of them cannot be utilized commercially due to their low activity. In the present study, an effiecient cellulose degrading strain of Bacillus pumilus was obtained after thorough screening for the production of extracellular cellulases.

Cloning and expression of dnaK gene from Bacillus pumilus of hot water spring origin.

A set of thermotolerant strains isolated from hot springs of Manikaran and Bakreshwar (India) were selected with an aim to isolate dnak gene which encodes DnaK protein. The gene dnaK along with its flanking region was successfully amplified from 5 different strains (4 from Bakreshwar and one from Manikaran). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) revealed that amplicons were almost identical in sequence.