Time-varying exposure to element mixtures and children's cognition at 5 years of age: findings from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

Background: Exposure to metals and metalloids (hereafter referred to as 'metals') during gestation and early childhood may affect children's neurodevelopment. However, few studies have simultaneously evaluated the impact of exposure to both essential and non-essential metals across specific windows of exposure on children's neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Objective: To investigate whether levels of metals during gestation and the early postnatal period, individually and as a mixture, are related to child cognition at 5 years of age among participants in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS).

Deciduous teeth from the New Hampshire birth cohort study: Early life environmental and dietary predictors of dentin elements.

Background: Sparse research exists on predictors of element concentrations measured in deciduous teeth.

Objective: To estimate associations between maternal/child characteristics, elements measured in home tap water during pregnancy and element concentrations in the dentin of shed deciduous teeth.

Methods: Our analysis included 152 pregnant person-infant dyads followed from the second trimester through the end of the first postnatal year from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Following Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radiation Cystitis: Early Results From the Multicenter Registry for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.

Purpose: Our purpose was to determine changes in patient-reported hematuria and urinary symptoms after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment for radiation cystitis (RC).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed prospectively collected data from the Multicenter Registry for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Consortium accumulated within a week of beginning and ending HBO. Measures included the modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Hematuria Scale, Urinary Distress Inventory Short Form, and EuroQol Five Dimension Five Level instrument.

A Survey of Cancer Risk Behaviors, Beliefs, and Social Drivers of Health in New Hampshire and Vermont.

Unlabelled: Compared with urban areas, rural areas have higher cancer mortality and have experienced substantially smaller declines in cancer incidence in recent years. In a New Hampshire (NH) and Vermont (VT) survey, we explored the roles of rurality and educational attainment on cancer risk behaviors, beliefs, and other social drivers of health. In February-March 2022, two survey panels in NH and VT were sent an online questionnaire.

Cancer Epidemiology in the Northeastern United States (2013-2017).

Unlabelled: We tested the hypotheses that adult cancer incidence and mortality in the Northeast region and in Northern New England (NNE) were different than the rest of the United States, and described other related cancer metrics and risk factor prevalence. Using national, publicly available cancer registry data, we compared cancer incidence and mortality in the Northeast region with the United States and NNE with the United States overall and by race/ethnicity, using age-standardized cancer incidence and rate ratios (RR). Compared with the United States, age-adjusted cancer incidence in adults of all races combined was higher in the Northeast (RR, 1.

A population-based survey of self-reported delays in breast, cervical, colorectal and lung cancer screening.

The early COVID-19 pandemic was associated with cessation of screening services, but the prevalence of ongoing delays in cancer screening into the third year of the pandemic are not well-characterized. In February/March 2022, a population-based survey assessed cancer needs in New Hampshire and Vermont. The associations between cancer screening delays (breast, cervical, colorectal or lung cancer) and social determinants of health, health care access, and cancer attitudes and beliefs were tested.

Did children's symptoms and infections decline during the COVID-19 pandemic? A comparison of parental reports before and during the pandemic from a birth cohort study in New Hampshire, USA.

Background: Restrictive measures were widely introduced at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the spread of the virus. These restrictions have been linked to reductions in laboratory-diagnosed infections and hospitalisations. It is unclear if the observed decreases reflect a reduction in health-seeking behaviour or results from fewer infections per se.

Pediatric Cancer By Race, Ethnicity and Region in the United States.

Background: In a 2018 descriptive study, cancer incidence in children (age 0-19) in diagnosis years 2003 to 2014 was reported as being highest in New Hampshire and in the Northeast region.

Methods: Using the Cancer in North America (CiNA) analytic file, we tested the hypotheses that incidence rates in the Northeast were higher than those in other regions of the United States either overall or by race/ethnicity group, and that rates in New Hampshire were higher than the Northeast region as a whole.

Results: In 2003 to 2014, pediatric cancer incidence was significantly higher in the Northeast than other regions of the United States overall and among non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks, but not among Hispanics and other racial minorities.

Longitudinal changes in lung function in very prematurely born young people receiving high-frequency oscillation or conventional ventilation from birth.

Objective: To examine changes in lung function over time in extremely prematurely born adolescents.

Working Hypothesis: Changes in lung function during adolescence would vary by ventilation mode immediately after birth.

Study Design: Longitudinal follow-up study.

Assessing tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy from self-report, urinary cotinine and NNAL: a validation study using the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

Objectives: Accurate assessment of tobacco smoke exposure is key to evaluate its effects. We sought to validate and establish cut-offs for self-reported smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy using urinary cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(-3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in a large contemporary prospective study from the USA, with lower smoking prevalence than has previously been evaluated.

Design: Prospective birth cohort.

Minimal clinically important difference in means in vulnerable populations: challenges and solutions.

Introduction And Motivation: Many health studies measure a continuous outcome and compare means between groups. Since means for biological data are often difficult to interpret clinically, it is common to dichotomise using a cut-point and present the 'percentage abnormal' alongside or in place of means. Examples include birthweight where 'abnormal' is defined as <2500 g (low birthweight), systolic blood pressure with abnormal defined as >140 mm Hg (high blood pressure) and lung function with varying definitions of the 'limit of normal'.

Associations Between Maternal Depression, Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the associations of depressive symptoms and antidepressant use during pregnancy with the risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), and low Apgar scores.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and PsycINFO up to June 2016.

Adiponectin is associated with insulin sensitivity in white European men but not black African men.

Aims: We aimed to assess ethnic differences in inflammatory markers and their relationships with insulin sensitivity and regional adiposity between white European and black African men.

Methods: A total of 53 white European and 53 black African men underwent assessment of inflammatory markers alongside Dixon-magnetic resonance imaging to quantify subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and intrahepatic lipid. A hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp was used to measure whole-body and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity.

A multicenter randomized controlled trial indicates that paclitaxel-coated balloons provide no benefit for arteriovenous fistulas.

The role of paclitaxel-coated balloons has been established in the coronary and peripheral arterial circulations with recent interest in the use of paclitaxel-coated balloons to improve patency rates following angioplasty of arteriovenous fistulas. To assess the efficacy of paclitaxel-coated angioplasty balloons to prolong the survival time of target lesion primary patency in arteriovenous fistulas, we designed an investigator-led multi-center randomized controlled trial with follow up time variable for a minimum of one year. Patients with an arteriovenous fistula who were undergoing an angioplasty for a clinical indication were included but patients with one or more lesions outside the treatment segment were excluded.

The Link between Obesity and Inflammatory Markers in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Men of Black African and White European Ethnicity.

In this study, we aimed to assess ethnic differences in visceral (VAT), deep subcutaneous (dSAT), and superficial subcutaneous (sSAT) adipose tissue and their relationships with inflammatory markers between white European (WE) and black West African (BWA) men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Forty-two WE (23 NGT/19 T2D) and 43 BWA (23 NGT/20 T2D) men underwent assessment of plasma inflammatory markers using immunoassays alongside Dixon magnetic resonance imaging to quantify L4-5 VAT, dSAT and sSAT. Despite no ethnic differences in sSAT and dSAT, BWA men exhibited lower VAT ( = 0.

The effect of water hardness on atopic eczema, skin barrier function: A systematic review, meta-analysis.

Background: Hard domestic water has been reported to worsen atopic eczema (AE) and may contribute to its development in early life.

Objective: To review the literature on the relationship between the effect of water hardness (high calcium carbonate; CaCO ) on (a) the risk of developing AE, (b) the treatment of existing AE and (c) skin barrier function in human and animal studies.

Design , Data Sources And Eligibility Criteria: We systematically searched databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, GREAT and Web of Science) from inception until 30/6/2020.