High carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels indicate poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer following radical cystectomy.

Introduction: Our team previously reported that elevated carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels are associated with a worse prognosis in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Several studies have reported a correlation between high tumor burden and elevated CA19-9 levels in urothelial carcinomas. However, no studies have specifically examined the association between CA19-9 levels and outcomes of patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy.

The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on survival outcomes subsequent to radical cystectomy in pathological T0 bladder cancer patients: A multicenter large-scale analysis.

Purpose: After radical cystectomy (RC), the pathologic complete response (pT0) among muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is considered a favorable oncological result. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) among the pT0 patients using a large-scale multicenter study.

Materials And Methods: This study included 3,972 patients who underwent RC at 11 tertiary medical centers.

TAR-200 plus cetrelimab versus cetrelimab monotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who are ineligible for or decline neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (SunRISe-4): interim analysis of a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial.

Background: Effective treatments are needed for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer scheduled for radical cystectomy who are ineligible for or decline to receive neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate neoadjuvant TAR-200 plus cetrelimab (anti-PD-1) versus cetrelimab monotherapy in this setting.

Methods: SunRISe-4 is a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial being conducted at 109 investigative centres in ten countries worldwide.

Novel Bone Scan Features for Predicting Prognosis in Men With Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Bone metastasis frequently occurs in patients with prostate cancer, however, a consensus has not been reached regarding bone scan image analysis. We aimed to analyse various bone scan imaging features of metastatic prostate cancer and to assess their impact on prognosis.

Methods: One thousand five hundred sixty-three paired sets of bone scan images (anterior and posterior) were obtained from patients with metastatic prostate cancer at Seoul National University Hospital.

Robot-Assisted Open Radical Prostatectomy in the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer: 3-Year Results from a Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Radical prostatectomy remains the primary treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Despite its use for over two decades, the benefits of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) remain unclear. We evaluated the surgical, functional, and oncological outcomes between RARP and open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP).

Erdafitinib versus Chemotherapy in Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-Altered Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer After Progression on Anti-programmed Death-(Ligand) 1 Therapy: An Exploratory Analysis of the Asian Subpopulation in the THOR Phase 3 Study.

Introduction: The randomized phase 3 THOR study showed significantly longer survival with erdafitinib (pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor [FGFR] inhibitor) over chemotherapy in adults with FGFR-altered locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC) who had progressed during or after anti-programmed death-(ligand) 1 (anti-PD-[L]1) therapy (Cohort 1). This exploratory post-hoc analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of erdafitinib in the Asian subpopulation within THOR Cohort 1.

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive erdafitinib (8 mg once daily with pharmacodynamically guided up-titration to 9 mg) or chemotherapy (vinflunine or docetaxel once every 3 weeks).

Sasanlimab plus BCG in BCG-naive, high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: the randomized phase 3 CREST trial.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) induction and maintenance (I+M) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor is standard of care (SOC) in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, disease recurrence/progression occurs in approximately 40% of patients at 2 years, with unfavorable prognosis. Limited bladder-sparing therapeutic options exist, and no improvements to response durability have been observed in decades.

Real-World Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Patients With Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Unresponsive High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Multicountry Medical Chart Review.

Introduction: Treatment patterns for patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who are ineligible for or decline radical cystectomy (RC) are inconsistently reported. We retrospectively described demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics for these patients and assessed their clinical outcomes.

Patients And Methods: Medical charts of patients with BCG-unresponsive high-risk NMIBC (carcinoma in situ [cohort A] or T1/high-grade Ta [cohort B]) who were ineligible for or declined RC documented between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2018, at 15 academic centers were reviewed.

Fully automated segmentation and classification of renal tumors on CT scans via machine learning.

Background: To develop and test the performance of a fully automated system for classifying renal tumor subtypes via deep machine learning for automated segmentation and classification.

Materials And Methods: The model was developed using computed tomography (CT) images of pathologically proven renal tumors collected from a prospective cohort at a medical center between March 2016 and December 2020. A total of 561 renal tumors were included: 233 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 82 papillary RCCs, 74 chromophobe RCCs, and 172 angiomyolipomas.

Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 125, and carcinoembryonic antigen as prognostic and predictive biological markers in bladder cancer.

Introduction: We evaluated the prognostic potential of the Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125), and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) tumor markers for bladder cancer.

Methods: We analyzed the records of 369 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for urothelial cancer (UC) between October 2012 until December 2019. Levels of CA19-9, CA125, CEA, and β-hCG before radical cystectomy were measured in all patient samples, and serum biomarker cutoff values were used as normal and elevated values.

Anesthetic approaches and 2-year recurrence rates in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: The effect of anesthesia methods on non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence post-resection remains uncertain. We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes of spinal anesthesia (SA) and general anesthesia (GA) in patients with NMIBC.

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial recruited 287 patients with clinical NMIBC at Seoul National University Hospital from 2018 to 2020.

Weekly versus 2-weekly versus 3-weekly docetaxel to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: To compare the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel treatment regimens in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 162 patients diagnosed with mCRPC who underwent docetaxel chemotherapy between 2009 and 2020. The patients were divided into three groups according to the dosage and interval of docetaxel (DCT) chemotherapy regimen: 30 mL/m weekly, 50 mL/m biweekly (every 2 weeks), and 75 mL/m triweekly (every 3 weeks).

Risk factors for urinary retention after robot-assisted radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder diversion: a multicenter study.

To determine risk factors for urinary retention (UR) after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RALC) with orthotopic neobladder diversion. A total of 269 patients who underwent RALC with orthotopic neobladder diversion from 2008 to 2019 at seven tertiary hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. There were 68 patients who had UR (UR arm) and 201 patients who did not have UR (no-UR arm).

Comprehensive molecular characterization of TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma.

TFE3-rearranged renal cell cancer (tRCC) is a rare form of RCC that involves chromosomal translocation of the Xp11.2 TFE3 gene. Despite its early onset and poor prognosis, the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of tRCC remain elusive.

Preoperative smoking and robot-assisted radical cystectomy outcomes & complications in multicenter KORARC database.

To investigate the influence of preoperative smoking history on the survival outcomes and complications in a cohort from a large multicenter database. Many patients who undergo radical cystectomy (RC) have a history of smoking; however, the direct association between preoperative smoking history and survival outcomes and complications in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who undergo robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) remains unexplored. We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from 749 patients in the Korean Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy Study Group (KORARC) database, with an average follow-up duration of 30.

CREST: phase III study of sasanlimab and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-naïve high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard of care for patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). BCG in combination with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors may yield greater anti-tumor activity compared with either agent alone. CREST is a phase III study evaluating the efficacy and safety of the subcutaneous PD-1 inhibitor sasanlimab in combination with BCG for patients with BCG-naive high-risk NMIBC.

Nivolumab plus Gemcitabine-Cisplatin in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: No new agent has improved overall survival in patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma when added to first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Methods: In this phase 3, multinational, open-label trial, we randomly assigned patients with previously untreated unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma either to receive intravenous nivolumab (at a dose of 360 mg) plus gemcitabine-cisplatin (nivolumab combination) every 3 weeks for up to six cycles, followed by nivolumab (at a dose of 480 mg) every 4 weeks for a maximum of 2 years, or to receive gemcitabine-cisplatin alone every 3 weeks for up to six cycles. The primary outcomes were overall and progression-free survival.

Erdafitinib or Chemotherapy in Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: Erdafitinib is a pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in adults with susceptible alterations who have progression after platinum-containing chemotherapy. The effects of erdafitinib in patients with -altered metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progression during or after treatment with checkpoint inhibitors (anti-programmed cell death protein 1 [PD-1] or anti-programmed death ligand 1 [PD-L1] agents) are unclear.

Methods: We conducted a global phase 3 trial of erdafitinib as compared with chemotherapy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma with susceptible alterations who had progression after one or two previous treatments that included an anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1.

Tubular damage marker as a predictive factor for pathologically upstaged renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: To investigate if increased tubular damage biomarker can predict pathologically upstaged renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which may possess sub-radiologic invasive behavior, leading to surrounding tubular damage.

Materials And Methods: We examined 1563 patients with surgically resected RCC between March 2016 and June 2021 from the prospective database SUPER-RCC-Nx. Exclusion criteria were cancer not originating from the kidneys, benign renal tumor, and end-stage renal disease.

The effect of goal-directed hemodynamic therapy on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study investigated the effects of intraoperative goal-directed hemodynamic therapy (GDHT) on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing open radical cystectomy.

Methods: This prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial included 82 patients scheduled for open radical cystectomy between September 2018 and November 2021. The GDHT group (n = 39) received the stroke volume index- and cardiac index-based hemodynamic management using advanced hemodynamic monitoring, while the control group (n = 36) received the standard care under the discretion of attending anesthesiologists during surgery.

Risk stratification and management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A physician survey in six Asia-Pacific territories.

Objectives: Multiple clinical practice guidelines, conflicting evidence, and physician perceptions result in variations in risk stratification among patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This study aims to describe the extent of this variation and its impact on management approaches in the Asia-Pacific region.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving 32 urologists and seven medical oncologists with ≥8 years of experience managing early-stage bladder cancer patients across Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan.