Mesopolyploidy as a taxonomic clade marker for Brassica and relatives (tribe Brassiceae).

Background And Aims: Whole Genome Duplications (WGD) are rampant in flowering plant genomes. Within Brassicaceae, the genus Brassica (including crop mustards) and relatives (tribe Brassiceae) are hypothesized to share an ancient mesohexaploidy, or whole genome triplication (WGT), resulting from two WGD events (Br-⍺ WGT). However, the phylogenetic boundaries of the Br-α WGT remain unknown.

Mitoplastomic discordance in Brassicaceae phylogenomics confirms the complex evolutionary history of the family.

Background And Aims: The phylogeny of the Brassicaceae family has traditionally been inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA. However, early studies were limited by the availability of genetic markers and incomplete taxon sampling. Recent phylogenomic studies, leveraging more densely sampled nuclear and plastid datasets, have resolved many taxonomic uncertainties.

Chromosome fusions shaped karyotype evolution and evolutionary relationships in the model family Brassicaceae.

The ancestral crucifer karyotype and 22 conserved genomic blocks (CGBs) facilitate phylogenomic analyses in the Brassicaceae. Chromosomal rearrangements reshuffled CGBs of ancestral chromosomes during karyotype evolution. Here, we identify eight protochromosomes representing the common ancestral karyotype (ACBK) of the two Brassicoideae supertribes: Camelinodae (Lineage I) and Brassicodae (Lineage II).

The Brassicaceae then and now: Advancements in the past three decades, a review.

Background And Aims: The Brassicaceae and many species of its various genera are currently recognized as models in various fields of biology. The impact of the major advancements in molecular phylogeny, development, genomics, and related fields on the systematics of the family led to the recognition of the first phylogenetic tribal classification of the family and recognition of monophyletic genera. The present review is aimed to cover almost all advancements in the family systematics for the first time.

Global Brassicaceae phylogeny based on filtering of 1,000-gene dataset.

The mustard family (Brassicaceae) is a scientifically and economically important family, containing the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and numerous crop species that feed billions worldwide. Despite its relevance, most phylogenetic trees of the family are incompletely sampled and often contain poorly supported branches. Here, we present the most complete Brassicaceae genus-level family phylogenies to date (Brassicaceae Tree of Life or BrassiToL) based on nuclear (1,081 genes, 319 of the 349 genera; 57 of the 58 tribes) and plastome (60 genes, 265 genera; all tribes) data.

An updated classification of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).

Based on recent achievements in phylogenetic studies of the Brassicaceae, a novel infrafamilial classification is proposed that includes major improvements at the subfamilial and supertribal levels. Herein, the family is subdivided into two subfamilies, Aethionemoideae (subfam. nov.

Corrigendum: Evolution of tandem repeats is mirroring post-polyploid cladogenesis in (Brassicaceae).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.

Out of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau: Genomic biogeography of the alpine monospecific genus Megadenia (Biscutelleae, Brassicaceae).

Numerous high-elevation alpine plants of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) also have disjunct distribution in adjacent low-altitude mountains. The out-of-QTP versus into-the-QTP hypothesis of alpine plants provide strong evidence for the highly disputed assumption of the massive ice sheet developed in the central plateau during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In this study, we sequenced the genomes of most known populations of Megadenia, a monospecific alpine genus of Brassicaceae distributed primarily in the QTP, though rarely found in adjacent low-elevation mountains of north China and Russia (NC-R).

Genome diploidization associates with cladogenesis, trait disparity, and plastid gene evolution.

Angiosperm genome evolution was marked by many clade-specific whole-genome duplication events. The Microlepidieae is one of the monophyletic clades in the mustard family (Brassicaceae) formed after an ancient allotetraploidization. Postpolyploid cladogenesis has resulted in the extant c.

 (Brassicaceae), a new cushion genus from China and its systematic position.

The new genus and species (Brassicaceae) are described and illustrated. The species is a cushion plant collected from Xuegu La, Xizang, China. Its vegetative parts are most similar to those of (Caryophyllaceae) co-occurring in the same region, while its leaves and fruits closely resemble those of (Brassicaceae) from Patagonian Argentina and Chile.

(Brassicaceae), a new species from China, with a re-evaluation of the complex.

, from Qinghai and Tibet (China), is described and illustrated. Morphological and molecular data indicate that is closely related to , from which it is easily distinguished by the densely hirsute (vs. glabrous or sparsely pubescent), elliptic to ovate-lanceolate (vs.

Evolution of Tandem Repeats Is Mirroring Post-polyploid Cladogenesis in (Brassicaceae).

The unigeneric tribe Heliophileae encompassing more than 100 species is morphologically the most diverse Brassicaceae lineage. The tribe is endemic to southern Africa, confined chiefly to the southwestern South Africa, home of two biodiversity hotspots (Cape Floristic Region and Succulent Karoo). The monospecific (), the only crucifer species with persistent cotyledons, is traditionally retrieved as the closest relative of Heliophileae.

Phylogeny of Euclidieae (Brassicaceae) based on plastome and nuclear ribosomal DNA data.

Euclidieae, a morphologically diverse tribe in the family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), consists of 29 genera and more than 150 species distributed mainly in Asia. Prior phylogenetic analyses on Euclidieae are inadequate. In this study, sequence data from the plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal DNA of 72 species in 27 genera of Euclidieae were used to infer the inter- and intra-generic relationships within.

Origin and Evolution of Diploid and Allopolyploid Genomes Were Accompanied by Chromosome Shattering.

Complexes of diploid and polyploid species have formed frequently during the evolution of land plants. In false flax (), an important hexaploid oilseed crop closely related to Arabidopsis (), the putative parental species as well as the origin of other species remained unknown. By using bacterial artificial chromosome-based chromosome painting, genomic in situ hybridization, and multi-gene phylogenetics, we aimed to elucidate the origin and evolution of the polyploid complex.

and (Brassicaceae), two new records from Xinjiang, China.

and , previously confined to western North America and Tajikistan, respectively, were discovered in Xinjiang during a recent field trip to this autonomous region of China. The identity of these two species was subsequently confirmed by extensive morphological and molecular studies. The biogeographical significance of these new floristic records is briefly addressed.

Genome of , a close relative of , shows ecological adaptation to high altitude.

, a close relative of and , grows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) about 4,000 m above sea level and represents an attractive model system for studying speciation and ecological adaptation in extreme environments. We assembled a draft genome sequence of 234.72 Mb encoding 27,019 genes and investigated its origin and adaptive evolutionary mechanisms.

Resolving the backbone of the Brassicaceae phylogeny for investigating trait diversity.

The Brassicaceae family comprises c. 4000 species including economically important crops and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite their importance, the relationships among major lineages in the family remain unresolved, hampering comparative research.

(Brassicaceae, Camelineae), a new diploid species from Europe.

is described as a new diploid species and its relationship to the other diploids of the genus and to the somewhat superficially similar tetraploid and hexaploid , are discussed. SEM of seed and stem trichomes of the new species are presented.

(Brassicaceae), a new species from Chola Shan, Southwest China.

, a new high-elevation (4500-4600 m) species from Chola Shan, Sichuan (Southwest China), is described and illustrated. It is similar morphologically to but is readily distinguished by having oblong to elliptic or obovate to spatulate (vs. suborbicular to broadly ovate) leaves, glabrous (vs.

New insights into the taxonomy of tribe Euclidieae (Brassicaceae), evidence from nrITS sequence data.

As currently delimitated, the species-rich mustard tribe Euclidieae DC. (Brassicaceae) comprises 28 genera and 152 species distributed primarily in Asia. To date, no tribe-wide comprehensive phylogenetic analysis has been conducted.

Brassicales phylogeny inferred from 72 plastid genes: A reanalysis of the phylogenetic localization of two paleopolyploid events and origin of novel chemical defenses.

Premise Of The Study: Previous phylogenetic studies employing molecular markers have yielded various insights into the evolutionary history across Brassicales, but many relationships between families remain poorly supported or unresolved. A recent phylotranscriptomic approach utilizing 1155 nuclear markers obtained robust estimates for relationships among 14 of 17 families. Here we report a complete family-level phylogeny estimated using the plastid genome.

(Brassicaceae), a new species from Sichuan, southwest China.

(Brassicaceae), a new species from Hengduan Mountains in Sichuan Province, southwest China, is described, and its relationships to the closely related is discussed based on morphological, cytological, and molecular data. It is similar morphologically to but is readily distinguished by having robust (vs. slender), erect (vs.

Anatolian origins and diversification of Aethionema, the sister lineage of the core Brassicaceae.

Premise Of The Study: The Irano-Turanian region harbors three biodiversity hotspots and ∼25% of Brassicaceae species are endemic to the region. Aethionema (∼61 species) is the sister lineage to the core Brassicaceae and occurs mainly in the Irano-Turanian region. The evolutionary important position of Aethionema makes it an ideal reference for broader comparative genetics and genomics.

Plastome phylogeny and early diversification of Brassicaceae.

Background: The family Brassicaceae encompasses diverse species, many of which have high scientific and economic importance. Early diversifications and phylogenetic relationships between major lineages or clades remain unclear. Here we re-investigate Brassicaceae phylogeny with complete plastomes from 51 species representing all four lineages or 5 of 6 major clades (A, B, C, E and F) as identified in earlier studies.