Antimony Sulfobromide Nanowire Bundles Exhibiting Ambipolar Photoelectrochemical Photocurrent Switching.

Chalcohalides have emerged as novel semiconducting materials for fabricating electronic, optoelectronic, and electrochemical devices. Particularly, antimony (Sb)-based chalcohalides have attracted attention as solar energy conversion and thermoelectrics. Herein, the first report on the colloidal synthesis of antimony sulfobromide (SbSBr) nanowire bundles (NBs) via a hot-injection method is reported.

AI-powered 3D pathology protocol enhances enteric nervous system visualization and quantification for clinical diagnostics.

Accurate diagnosis and understanding of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Hirschsprung's disease remain challenging due to the limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D) histopathology in capturing the intricate three-dimensional (3D) architecture and dynamic microenvironment of GI tissues. This study explores the potential of integrating 3D imaging techniques with artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis to improve histological evaluation and diagnostic accuracy. Using advanced imaging and computational tools, we identified critical structural and functional details of the enteric nervous system and associated tissues that are often missed by 2D approaches.

Hijacked Brain in Modern Obesity: Cue, Habit, Addiction, Emotion, and Restraint as Targets for Personalized Digital Therapy and Electroceuticals.

The global obesity epidemic can no longer be explained by personal choice or caloric excess alone. Mounting evidence points to underlying neurobehavioral dysfunction, exacerbated by environments engineered to promote overconsumption. Modern obesity is driven by five interrelated neurobehavioral factors: cue-evoked eating, habitual-context eating, food addiction, emotional eating, and restrained eating.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Hypothalamic Regulation of Satiation: Cognitive and Neural Insights from Human and Animal Studies.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as blockbuster drugs for treating metabolic diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, delaying gastric emptying, and acting on the central nervous system to regulate satiation and satiety. This review summarizes the discovery of GLP-1 and the development of GLP-1RAs, with a particular focus on their central mechanisms of action.

Lateral hypothalamus and eating: cell types, molecular identity, anatomy, temporal dynamics and functional roles.

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a central hub orchestrating eating behavior through its complex cellular, anatomical and temporal organization. The LH is characterized by high heterogeneity and functional complexity, with many aspects still unexplored. Here we synthesize recent advances in understanding the role of the LH in eating regulation across multiple dimensions.

Comprehensive evaluation of early-phase FP-CIT PET as a substitute for brain FDG PET in parkinsonism.

Background: Early-phase F-18 FP-CIT PET/CT (PET) has been reported to possibly replace FDG PET/CT (PET) in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. We investigated the correlation between PET and PET to explore their potential interchangeability.

Method: Our retrospective study included 187 participants, categorized into Parkinson's disease (PD), atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD), and participants with intact dopamine transporters (DAT).

Nanoscale Resolution Imaging of Whole Mouse Embryos Using Expansion Microscopy.

Nanoscale imaging of whole vertebrates is essential for the systematic understanding of human diseases, yet this goal has not yet been achieved. Expansion microscopy (ExM) is an attractive option for accomplishing this aim; however, the expansion of even mouse embryos at mid- and late-developmental stages, which have fewer calcified body parts than adult mice, is yet to be demonstrated due to the challenges of expanding calcified tissues. Here, we introduce a state-of-the-art ExM technique, termed whole-body ExM, that utilizes cyclic digestion.

A normative framework dissociates need and motivation in hypothalamic neurons.

Physiological needs evoke motivational drives that produce natural behaviors for survival. In previous studies, the temporally intertwined dynamics of need and motivation have made it challenging to differentiate these two components. On the basis of classic homeostatic theories, we established a normative framework to derive computational models for need-encoding and motivation-encoding neurons.

A unified theoretical framework underlying the regulation of motivated behavior.

To orchestrate behaviors for survival, multiple psychological components have evolved. The current theories do not clearly distinguish the distinct components. In this article, we provide a unified theoretical framework.

Acoustic deep brain modulation: Enhancing neuronal activation and neurogenesis.

Background: Non-invasive deep brain modulation (DBM) stands as a promising therapeutic avenue to treat brain diseases. Acoustic DBM represents an innovative and targeted approach to modulate the deep brain, employing techniques such as focused ultrasound and shock waves. Despite its potential, the optimal mechanistic parameters, the effect in the brain and behavioral outcomes of acoustic DBM remains poorly understood.

Effectiveness and satisfaction with virtual and donor dissections: A randomized controlled trial.

In recent years, human anatomy education has faced challenges with traditional donor dissection, leading to the emergence of virtual dissection as an alternative. This study aims to investigate the academic performance and satisfaction of medical students by comparing the virtual and donor dissections. An open-labeled crossover randomized controlled trial was conducted with 154 first-year medical students in Human Anatomy and Neuroanatomy laboratories, which were divided into three classes.

GLP-1 increases preingestive satiation via hypothalamic circuits in mice and humans.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective antiobesity drugs. However, the precise central mechanisms of GLP-1RAs remain elusive. We administered GLP-1RAs to patients with obesity and observed a heightened sense of preingestive satiation.

Erratum: Assessment Methods for Problematic Eating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

[This corrects the article on p. 57 in vol. 35, PMID: 38204745.

Hypothalamic astrocyte NAD salvage pathway mediates the coupling of dietary fat overconsumption in a mouse model of obesity.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) serves as a crucial coenzyme in numerous essential biological reactions, and its cellular availability relies on the activity of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-catalyzed salvage pathway. Here we show that treatment with saturated fatty acids activates the NAD salvage pathway in hypothalamic astrocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of this pathway mitigates hypothalamic inflammation and attenuates the development of obesity in male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD).

Development of an assessment method for freely moving nonhuman primates' eating behavior using manual and deep learning analysis.

Purpose: Although eating is imperative for survival, few comprehensive methods have been developed to assess freely moving nonhuman primates' eating behavior. In the current study, we distinguished eating behavior into appetitive and consummatory phases and developed nine indices to study them using manual and deep learning-based (DeepLabCut) techniques.

Method: The indices were utilized to three rhesus macaques by different palatability and hunger levels to validate their utility.

Activation of ChAT+ neuron in dorsal motor vagus (DMV) increases blood glucose through the regulation of hepatic gene expression in mice.

The brain and peripheral organs communicate through hormones and neural connections. Proper communication is required to maintain normal whole-body energy homeostasis. In addition to endocrine system, from the perspective of neural connections for metabolic homeostasis, the role of the sympathetic nervous system has been extensively studied, but understanding of the parasympathetic nervous system is limited.

Assessment Methods for Problematic Eating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be associated with eating problems. However, currently, there is a lack of established guidelines for assessing and addressing eating behaviors in individuals with ASD. This gap in research exists due to the challenges associated with using traditional assessment methods, which may lead to discrepancies in responses and unintentional potential biases from caregivers.

Case Reports of Binge Eating Patterns in the Recovery Phase of Anorexia Nervosa Patients With and Without Food Addiction.

Food addiction refers to a condition in which individuals exhibit addictive-like behaviors toward food, like those observed in substance abuse. Although still debated, evidence supporting the validity and usefulness of the concept of food addiction is growing. Food addiction is particularly associated with obesity and eating disorders involving binge eating.

CETP and APOA2 polymorphisms are associated with weight loss and healthy eating behavior changes in response to digital lifestyle modifications.

Response to digital healthcare lifestyle modifications is highly divergent. This study aimed to examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and clinical efficacy of a digital healthcare lifestyle modification. We genotyped 97 obesity-related SNPs from 45 participants aged 18-39 years, who underwent lifestyle modification via digital cognitive behavioral therapy for obesity for 8 weeks.

Ultra-Low Noise Level Infrared Quantum Dot Photodiodes with Self-Screenable Polymeric Optical Window.

Quantum dot photodiodes (QPDs) have garnered significant attention because of their unparalleled near-infrared (NIR) detection capabilities, primarily attributable to their size-dependent bandgap tunability. Nevertheless, the broadband absorption spectrum of QPD engenders substantial noise floor within superfluous visible light regions, notably hindering their use in several emerging applications necessitating the detection of faint micro-light signals. To overcome these hurdles, a self-screenable NIR QPD featuring an internal optical filter with a thick polymeric interlayer to reduce electronic noise is demonstrated.