KF1601, a dual inhibitor of BCR::ABL1 and FLT3, overcomes drug resistance in FLT3 blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia.

Blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia (BP-CML) poses significant clinical challenges due to its drug resistance, resulting from BCR::ABL1-dependent mutations and BCR::ABL1-independent pathways. Previously, we reported that FLT3 pathway is activated in ~ 50% of BP-CML cases, indicating a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention via dual inhibition of BCR::ABL1 and FLT3. Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of KF1601, a dual inhibitor of BCR::ABL1 and FLT3, in overcoming drug resistance in BP-CML while also comparing its thrombo-inflammatory responses with those of ponatinib, known to have severe cardiovascular adverse events in human.

Side Chain Investigation of Imidazopyridazine as a Hinge Binder for Targeting Actionable Mutations of RET Kinase.

Actionable mutations of RET kinase have been identified as oncogenic drivers of solid tumors, including thyroid cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, and nonsmall cell lung cancer. Although multikinase inhibitors and RET selective inhibitors are used to treat patients with RET alterations, there is insufficient research addressing certain issues: which actionable mutations arise from these therapies, how to improve the clinical response rate to RET inhibitors, and how to design new inhibitors to overcome drug resistance. Therefore, the development of sophisticated tool compounds is required to investigate the molecular mechanisms of actionable mutations and to develop breakthrough therapeutics for different RET alterations.

An anatomical and radiological study of the tectorial membrane and its clinical implications.

The radiological image of an intact tectorial membrane (TM) became an important favorable prognostic factor for craniovertebral instability. This study visualized the fascial layers of the TM and adjacent connective tissues with clinical significance by micro-CT and histological analysis. The TM firmly attached to the bony surface of the clivus, traversed the atlantoaxial joint posteriorly, and was inserted to the body of the axis showing wide distribution on the craniovertebral junction.

Anatomical study of the adductor canal: three-dimensional micro-computed tomography, histological, and immunofluorescence findings relevant to neural blockade.

Background: A precise anatomical understanding of the adductor canal (AC) and its neural components is essential for discerning the action mechanism of the AC block. We therefore aimed to clarify the detailed anatomy of the AC using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histological evaluation, and immunofluorescence (IF) assays.

Methods: Gross dissections of 39 thighs provided morphometric data relevant to injection landmarks.

Retrodural space of Okada in the posterior ligamentous complex region: clinical and anatomical findings relevant to lumbar interlaminar epidural injection.

Background: The retrodural space of Okada is a potential space posterior to the ligamentum flavum that allows communication with the bilateral facet joints. However, the actual anatomy of this space has not been clearly visualized to date. We sought to investigate the characteristics of patients showing contrast spreading to the facet joint space during epidural injection and to clarify the anatomical structures of the retrodural space and adjacent ligamentous tissues in cadaveric specimens.

The pathway of injectate spread during thoracic intertransverse process (ITP) block: Micro-computed tomography findings and anatomical evaluations.

Study Objective: To investigate the mechanism of action of the thoracic intertransverse process (ITP) block.

Design: Three-dimensional micro-computed tomography (3D micro-CT) study and cadaveric evaluation.

Setting: A translational research unit for anatomy and analgesia in a university hospital.

Micro-computed tomography with contrast enhancement: An excellent technique for soft tissue examination in humans.

Manual dissection and histologic examination are commonly used to investigate human structures, but there are limitations in the damage caused to delicate structures or the provision of limited information. Micro-computed tomography (microCT) enables a three-dimensional volume-rendered observation of the sample without destruction and deformation, but it can only visualize hard tissues in general. Therefore, contrast-enhancing agents are needed to help in visualizing soft tissue.

Anatomy of the thoracic paravertebral space: 3D micro-CT findings and their clinical implications for nerve blockade.

Background: A precise anatomical understanding of the thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS) is essential to understanding how an injection outside this space can result in paravertebral spread. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the three-dimensional (3D) structures of the TPVS and adjacent tissues using micro-CT, and investigate the potential routes for nerve blockade in this area.

Methods: Eleven embalmed cadavers were used in this study.

Heights and spatial relationships of the facial muscles acting on the nasolabial fold by dissection and three-dimensional microcomputed tomography.

The aim of this study was to clarify the heights and spatial relationships of the facial muscles acting on the nasolabial fold (NLF) by dissection and three-dimensional microcomputed tomography for use in aesthetic treatments. This study used 56 specimens from 34 embalmed adult Korean. A reference line (RF) was set to imitate the NLF after removing the skin, from the superior point of the alar facial crease to the lateral point of the orbicularis oris muscle at the level of the corner of the mouth.

Analysis of the positional relationship of the long thoracic nerve considering clinical treatment.

Introduction: The long thoracic nerve (LTN) has a risk of being damaged during chest surgery and should be considered when performing anesthesia such as a serratus anterior plane block (SAPB). We analyzed the relationship between landmarks-the fourth to ninth intercostal space (ICS) at the midaxillary line (MAL), through which the distal part of the LTN passes-and the LTN.

Materials And Methods: We used 25 specimens from 17 embalmed Korean cadavers.

Effect of Cyclic Compressive Forces on New Bone Formation during the Distraction Period in Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis Using a Microactuator-Generated Distractor.

Background: The traditional method of distraction required a long period until the new bone was fully fused. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cyclic and repetitive compressive force on new bone formation by applying a newly designed microactuator-generated distractor compared with the traditional distraction protocol.

Methods: The distraction devices were applied to the right and left mandibles of eight mature beagles, four of which were allocated to the experimental group and the other four to the control group.

Longitudinal muscular column in the prostatic urethral wall: Its form, shape, and possible function based on mathematical simulation in ejaculation.

Background: The shape and function of the longitudinal muscular column (LMC) of the prostate have not been established in detail. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the roles of the LMC of the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra (PSU) in the emission phase of ejaculation by investigating the form and muscular arrangement of the LMC.

Methods: Prostates and urinary bladders were obtained from 14 Korean adult cadavers.

Intramuscular innervation patterns of the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis and their clinical implications for botulinum toxin injections.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to clearly characterize the intramuscular nerve distributions of the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis muscles that are both responsible for the onset of a chronic tension type headache and to use this information to identify the effective botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection sites.

Materials And Methods: Ten splenius capitis and splenius cervicis specimens were subjected to Sihler's staining to reveal intramuscular nerve arborization patterns and determined the optimal location for BoNT injection.

Results: Nerve distribution patterns in the splenius capitis were identified as nerve pathways that travel down toward the origin point and others that travel up toward the insertion point.

Influence of injectate volume on paravertebral spread in erector spinae plane block: An endoscopic and anatomical evaluation.

The paravertebral spread that occurs after erector spinae plane block may be volume-dependent. This cadaveric study was undertaken to compare the extent of paravertebral spread with erector spinae plane block using different dye volumes. After randomization, twelve erector spinae plane blocks were performed bilaterally with either 10 ml or 30 ml of dye at the level of T5 in seven unembalmed cadavers except for two cases of unexpected pleural puncture using the 10 ml injection.

The Nasolabial Fold: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study.

Background: The nasolabial fold is known to be a challenging midface feature for aesthetic physicians. However, the steric conformation of the structures related to the nasolabial fold has remained undefined because the composition and topography of this region are highly intricate. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the three-dimensional structures of the nasolabial fold using micro-computed tomography and verify their detailed composition by means of histologic observation.

Use of Micro X-ray Computed Tomography with Phosphotungstic Acid Preparation to Visualize Human Fibromuscular Tissue.

Manual dissection and histological observation are common methods used to investigate human tissues. However, manual dissection can damage delicate structures while processing and histological observation provide limited information through cross-sectional imaging. Micro X-ray computed tomography (microCT) is an effective tool for obtaining three-dimensional information without damaging specimens.

Interfascicular septum of the calcaneal tunnel and its relationship with the plantar nerves: A cadaveric study.

The relationship between the plantar nerves and internal fascial structure of the calcaneal tunnel is clinically important to alleviate pain of the sole. The study aimed to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the calcaneal tunnel and its internal fascial septal structure by using microcomputed tomography (mCT) with a phosphotungstic acid preparation, histologic examination, and ultrasound-guided simulation. Twenty-one fixed cadavers and three fresh-frozen cadavers (13 men and 11 women, mean age 82.

Association between physical activity and self-rated health in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) tend to experience poor self-rated health. However, few studies have examined the association between physical activity and self-rated health in pediatric patients with T1DM. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between regular physical activity, regular muscle strength exercise, and self-rated health in pediatric patients with T1DM who lacked diabetes care.

A Detailed Analysis of the Blood Supply to the Subscapularis Muscle.

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the arterial supply to the subscapularis (SSC) muscle. This will provide critical information for various surgical procedures. Ten specimens of embalmed Korean cadavers were dissected and subjected to modified Sihler's method to reveal the branching pattern of the arteries surrounding the subscapularis, and its intramuscular blood supply.

Three-dimensional structure of the orbicularis retaining ligament: an anatomical study using micro-computed tomography.

The orbicularis retaining ligament (ORL) is an important structure for maintaining the eyelid and cheek skin and contouring the characteristic facial appearance. However, the ORL is a delicate structure that is easily damaged in manual dissection. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the ORL using a micro-computed tomography (mCT) with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) preparation for the acquisition of its three-dimensional information non-destructively.

Intramuscular innervation of the subscapularis muscle and its clinical implication for the BoNT injection: An anatomical study using the modified Sihler's staining.

Shoulder pain is commonly associated with spasticity of the rotator cuff muscles including the subscapularis (SSC). The aim of this study was to elucidate the intramuscular innervation pattern of the SSC using the modified Sihler's staining technique to facilitate the targeting of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections to alleviate shoulder spasticity. Ten SSC specimens (mean age, 81.

Anatomical analysis of the distribution patterns of occipital cutaneous nerves and the clinical implications for pain management.

Purpose: Establishing the distribution patterns of occipital cutaneous nerves may help us understand their contribution to various occipital pain patterns and ensure that a proper local injection method for treatment is employed. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the detailed distribution patterns of the greater occipital nerve (GON), lesser occipital nerve (LON), and third occipital nerve (TON) using the modified Sihler's staining technique.

Methods: Ten human cadavers were manually dissected to determine the nerve distributions.

Anatomical consideration of the occipital cutaneous nerves and artery for the safe treatment of occipital neuralgia.

There is no standardized approach to the greater occipital nerve (GON) block technique for treating occipital neuralgia. The aim of the present study was to validate the previously-suggested guidelines for conventional injection techniques and to provide navigational guidelines for safe GON block. The GON, lesser occipital nerve (LON) and occipital artery (OA) were carefully dissected in the occipital region of embalmed cadavers.