Clinical Utility of Salivary Steroid Profiling for the Differential Diagnosis of Adrenal Diseases.

Context: Although salivary steroid sampling offers several advantages, the diagnostic potential of salivary steroid metabolites remains largely unexplored.Objective To evaluate the diagnostic utility of salivary steroid profiling in patients with adrenal diseases.

Design: Prospective multicenter study.

Analysis of visual opsin gene expression in Japanese eels upon sexual maturation and exposure to different wavelengths of light.

Fish inhabiting diverse photic environments, from the deep sea to shallow freshwater, offer a valuable model for studying visual receptor characteristics and spectral adaptation mechanisms. This study investigated changes in visual opsin transcript levels in Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) during sexual development and exposure to light conditions simulating their life cycle. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed the predominance of four opsin genes (dso, fwo, rh2, and sws2) in the eyes.

Integrating Network Pharmacology and Optimization of Preparation Methods to Enhance the Anticancer Effect of on Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: , a medicinal fungus, is renowned for its anticancer properties. To maximize its therapeutic efficacy, this study aimed to optimize the extraction and preparation methods of and evaluate its effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, the study explored the potential of natural products as novel therapeutic agents.

Multivariate neural markers of individual differences in thought control difficulties.

This study identified specific patterns of brain activity distributed within and across four different brain networks associated with an individual's difficulties in controlling thoughts, a transdiagnostic feature of mental health disorders. Previously, we demonstrated that four working memory control operations-maintaining, replacing, suppressing, and clearing thoughts-are represented by distinct multi-voxel patterns of brain activation. Moreover, the exact pattern that characterizes these operations is distinct across four sets of brain regions, referred to as working memory operation networks, that include a Visual Network (VN), Somatomotor Network (SMN), Default Mode Network (DMN), and Frontoparietal Control Network (FPCN).

Multivariate Neural Markers of Individual Differences in Thought Control Difficulties.

Difficulties in controlling thought, including pathological rumination, worry, and intrusive thoughts, occur in a range of mental health disorders. Here we identify specific patterns of brain activity distributed within and across canonical brain networks that are associated with self-reported difficulties in controlling one's thoughts. These activity patterns were derived using multivariate pattern analysis on fMRI data recorded while participants engaged in one of four operations on an item in working memory: maintaining it, replacing it with another, specifically suppressing it, or clearing the mind of all thought.

Prognostic factors of brain metastasis and subsequent survival in breast cancer patients: An 11-year, single-center, retrospective study.

Female breast cancer is among the most prevalent cancers globally, often metastasizing to the brain. Despite advancements in treatment, brain metastasis incidence is rising, with a poor prognosis. Moreover, limited data exist on how breast cancer subtypes and patient characteristics impact survival.

Selenium vs Control for Graves Ophthalmopathy in a Selenium-Sufficient Area: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Graves ophthalmopathy significantly diminishes patients' quality of life due to its immune-mediated inflammatory effects on the orbital tissues. Selenium, with its antioxidative properties, has shown potential for improving Graves ophthalmopathy progression and quality of life (QOL); however, its effectiveness in selenium-sufficient regions is not well established.

Objective: To determine whether selenium supplementation improves QOL in patients with mild to moderate Graves ophthalmopathy in selenium-sufficient regions.

Multivariate Neural Markers of Individual Differences in Thought Control Difficulties.

Difficulties in controlling thought, including pathological rumination, worry, and intrusive thoughts, occur in a range of mental health disorders. Here we identify specific patterns of brain activity distributed within and across canonical brain networks that are associated with self-reported difficulties in controlling one's thoughts. These activity patterns were derived using multivariate pattern analysis on fMRI data recorded while participants engaged in one of four operations on an item in working memory: maintaining it, replacing it with another, specifically suppressing it, or clearing the mind of all thought.

Effects of Sequential Anti-Resorptive Agents on Bone Mineral Density Following Denosumab Withdrawal: A Multicenter Real-World Study in Korea (MAXCARE Study).

Background: Denosumab is a potent anti-resorptive agent widely used for osteoporosis. However, its discontinuation results in a 'rebound phenomenon' of rapid bone loss, necessitating transition to alternative anti-resorptive therapies. Despite this, there is limited evidence to guide the selection of the most effective agent, particularly among bisphosphonates.

Pervasive fire danger continued under a negative emission scenario.

Enhanced fire-prone weather under greenhouse gas warming can significantly affect local and global carbon budgets from increased fire occurrence, influencing carbon-climate feedbacks. However, the extent to which changes in fire-prone weather and associated carbon emissions can be mitigated by negative emissions remains uncertain. Here, we analyze fire weather responses in CO removal climate model experiments and estimate their potential carbon emissions based on an observational relationship between fire weather and fire-induced CO emissions.

Protein Involved in Tip Elongation (PITE) regulates root hair growth in rice.

Polar tip growth in plants occurs only in root hairs and pollen tubes. In particular, root hair growth is considered very important in the growth of plants, as it is critical for water and nutrient absorption. Polar tip growth is regulated by various factors, including plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) and cell wall modifications.

Occupational Risk Factors for Skin Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Public health and clinical medicine should identify and characterize modifiable risk factors for skin cancer in order to facilitate primary prevention. In existing literature, the impact of occupational exposure on skin cancer, including malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, has been extensively studied. This review summarizes the available epidemiological evidence on the significance of occupational risk factors and occupations associated with a higher risk in skin cancer.

Four versus six cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced Urothelial carcinoma in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective cohort study (FOCUS, KCSG-GU23-08).

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the survival outcomes of four versus six cycles of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (PBCT) in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC).

Patients And Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed advanced UC were allocated to either the 4-cycle PBCT (C4) or 6-cycle PBCT (C6) groups and retrospectively analyzed. After the planned cycles, active surveillance was conducted every 6-8 weeks, followed by second-line treatments, including ICIs, upon progression.

Suppressing the Maintenance of Information in Working Memory Alters Long-term Memory Traces.

The sensory recruitment hypothesis conceptualizes information in working memory as being activated representations of information in long-term memory. Accordingly, changes made to an item in working memory would be expected to influence its subsequent retention. Here, we tested the hypothesis that suppressing information from working memory, which can reduce short-term access to that information, may also alter its long-term neural representation.

Alterations in Plasma Lipid Profile before and after Surgical Removal of Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a relatively rare malignancy, accounting for about 1% of all adult cancers. It is known to have more than 70 subtypes. Its rarity, coupled with its various subtypes, makes early diagnosis challenging.

Typology and implications of verified attacks on health care in Ukraine in the first 18 months of war.

Attacks on health care are part of the spectrum of threats that health care endures during conflict. Protecting health care services against attacks depends on understanding the nature and types of attacks that occur during conflict. The World Health Organisation has implemented the Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA) in Ukraine since 2020, and the system has continued to monitor and report on attacks on health care during the war in Ukraine.

Primary Intracranial Ewing Sarcoma With an Unusual Presentation: A Case Report.

Primary extraosseous intracranial Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an extremely rare disease, limited to the pediatric population, that primarily originates in the skull. Here, we present an unusual case of adult Ewing's sarcoma originating from the brain parenchyma. The 50-year-old male patient visited our hospital with severe headache lasting 3 weeks.

Reference Standards for C-Peptide in Korean Population: A Korean Endocrine Hormone Reference Standard Data Center Study.

Backgruound: The Korean Endocrine Hormone Reference Standard Data Center (KEHRS DC) has created reference standards (RSs) for endocrine hormones since 2020. This study is the first of its kind, wherein the KEHRS DC established RSs for serum Cpeptide levels in a healthy Korean population.

Methods: Healthy Korean adults were recruited from May 2021 to September 2023.

Stimulus shapes strategy: Effects of stimulus characteristics and individual differences in academic achievement on the neural mechanisms engaged during the N-back task.

This fMRI study of 126 youth explored whether the neural mechanisms underlying the N-back task, commonly used to examine executive control over the contents of working memory, are associated with individual differences in academic achievement in reading and math. Moreover, the study explored whether these relationships occur regardless of the nature of the stimulus being manipulated in working memory (letters, numbers, nonsense shapes) or whether these relationships are specific to achievement domain and stimulus type (i.e.

Efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment for Korean patients with Stage 3b-4 chronic kidney disease and osteoporosis.

Background/aims: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with osteoporosis. We also investigated whether the treatment affects the coronary artery calcifications.

Methods: Twenty-seven postmenopausal women with Stage 3b-4 CKD and osteoporosis were enrolled.

Ocean fronts as decadal thermostats modulating continental warming hiatus.

Over the past decade, an unexpected cooling trend has been observed in East Asia and North America during winter. Climate model simulations suggest that this pattern of stalled warming, besides accelerated warming, will repeat throughout the course of global warming, influenced by the natural decade-long variations in the climate system. However, understanding the exact factors affecting the pace of warming remains a challenge.

Neural Systems Underlying the Implementation of Working Memory Removal Operations.

Recently, multi-voxel pattern analysis has verified that information can be removed from working memory (WM) via three distinct operations , , or compared to information being ( Kim et al., 2020) While univariate analyses and classifier importance maps in Kim et al. (2020) identified brain regions that contribute to these operations, they did not elucidate whether these regions represent the operations similarly or uniquely.

"It is because of the love for the job that we are still here": Mental health and psychosocial support among health care workers affected by attacks in the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon.

Attacks on health care have important consequences for the mental health (MH) and work availability of health care workers (HCW). In the conflict-affected Northwest and Southwest (NWSW) regions of Cameroon, health care attacks are common; however, little is known on the MH burden and/or (mental) health-seeking behavior among affected HCW. We therefore conducted a survey on mental conditions (relying on SRQ-20 and WASSS assessments) and access to MH services among 470 HCW from 12 districts in NWSW Cameroon in January-February 2022.