Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in people with history of acute pancreatitis: TriNetX analysis.

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are used in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. However, concerns over their association with acute pancreatitis (AP) have emerged. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of recurrence of AP in subjects on GLP-1RAs with a history of AP.

Glucose ingestion does not lower testosterone concentrations in men on testosterone therapy.

Oral calorie intake causes an acute and transient decline in serum testosterone concentrations. It is not known whether this decline occurs in men on testosterone therapy. In this study, we evaluated the change in testosterone concentrations following oral glucose ingestion in hypogonadal men before and after treatment with testosterone therapy.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a possible intervention to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes: A new horizon.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune condition that destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency and hyper-glycemia. The management of T1D primarily focuses on exogenous insulin replacement to control blood glucose levels. However, this approach does not address the underlying autoimmune process or prevent the progressive loss of beta cells.

Glucose response to sugar challenge moderates the effect of insulin resistance on reinforcing value of sugar-sweetened yogurt.

We have shown insulin resistance is associated with the choice of sugar-sweetened over monk fruit sweetened yogurt. This study extends this research by assessing the association between insulin resistance and reinforcing value for sugar versus monk fruit-sweetened yogurt, and testing the hypothesis that this effect is moderated by greater blood glucose response in people with insulin resistance. Eighteen people with overweight/obesity (BMI = 35.

Vasoactive mediators of hypertension in obesity.

Obesity is associated with hypertension. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between obesity and vasoactive mediators.

Insulin Resistance and Glycated Hemoglobin in Obesity Are Associated With Preference for Sugar-Sweetened Yogurt: A Pilot Study.

Objective: Insulin resistance is associated with elevated activation of food reward, which should be associated with an increased reinforcing value of food. Research has also shown that sugar is a macronutrient strongly associated with reward and reinforcing value of food. This research is designed to assess whether insulin resistance is associated with a stronger preference for sugar-sweetened, thus elevating blood glucose responses in obese people with varying degrees of insulin resistance.

High prevalence of subnormal testosterone in obese adolescent males: reversal with bariatric surgery.

Objective: Obesity in adolescent males is associated with the lowering of total and free testosterone concentrations. Weight loss may increase testosterone concentrations.

Design And Methods: We evaluated the changes in sex hormones following bariatric surgery in 34 males (age range: 14.

Improving the residual risk of renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic kidney disease: A review of pathophysiology, mechanisms, and evidence from recent trials.

Based on global estimates, almost 10% of adults have diabetes, of whom 40% are estimated to also have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Almost 2 decades ago, treatments targeting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) were shown to slow the progression of kidney disease. More recently, studies have reported the additive benefits of antihyperglycaemic sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in combination with RAS inhibitors on both CKD progression and cardiovascular outcomes.

4-Phenylbutyric acid improves free fatty acid-induced hepatic insulin resistance in vivo.

Plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated in obesity and can induce insulin resistance via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, it is unknown whether hepatic insulin resistance caused by the elevation of plasma FFAs is alleviated by chemical chaperones. Rats received one of the following i.

Dapagliflozin reduces systolic blood pressure and modulates vasoactive factors.

Aim: To investigate the mechanisms underlying improvements in blood pressure (BP) and congestive heart failure outcomes following treatment with dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 52 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with an HbA1c of less than 8% participated in this prospective, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomized (1:1) to either dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo for 12 weeks.

Mechanisms underlying the metabolic actions of testosterone in humans: A narrative review.

The role of testosterone in improving sexual symptoms in men with hypogonadism is well known. However, recent studies indicate that testosterone plays an important role in several metabolic functions in males. Multiple PubMed searches were conducted with the use of the terms testosterone, insulin sensitivity, obesity, type 2 diabetes, anaemia, bone density, osteoporosis, fat mass, lean mass and body composition.

Bariatric Surgery: Remission of Inflammation, Cardiometabolic Benefits, and Common Adverse Effects.

Obesity is associated with increased mortality as a result of several comorbidities which occur in tandem with the obese state. Chronic inflammation is well documented in obesity, and evidence from numerous studies support the notion that the increased inflammation in individuals with obesity accentuates the comorbidities seen in this condition. The remission of comorbidities such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological complications occurs following bariatric procedures.

Liraglutide treatment in overweight and obese patients with type 1 diabetes: A 26-week randomized controlled trial; mechanisms of weight loss.

Aim: To investigate the effects of liraglutide treatment on glycaemic control and adipose tissue metabolism in overweight and obese people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Research Design And Methods: A total of 84 adult overweight and obese patients with T1DM, with no detectable C-peptide, were randomized (1:1) to either placebo or 1.8 mg/d liraglutide for 6 months.

Type 1 diabetes and hearing loss: Audiometric assessment and measurement of circulating levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products.

Background: We examined the hearing function in adults with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D) to investigate whether an association exists between hearing loss and duration of diabetes, haemoglobin A1C level, diabetes complications and levels of select serum and urinary biomarkers.

Methods: We measured pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds; serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble receptors for advanced glycation end-product (sRAGE); and urinary isoprostane in 30 adults with T1D (age 43.8 ± 11.

Dapagliflozin Suppresses Hepcidin And Increases Erythropoiesis.

Context: Dapagliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors are known to increase hematocrit, possibly due to its diuretic effects and hemoconcentration.

Objective: Since type 2 diabetes is a proinflammatory state and since hepcidin, a known suppressor of erythropoiesis, is increased in proinflammatory states, we investigated the possibility that dapagliflozin suppresses hepcidin concentrations and thus increases erythropoiesis.

Design: Prospective, randomized, and placebo-controlled study.

Testosterone Increases the Expression and Phosphorylation of AMP Kinase α in Men With Hypogonadism and Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) is a mediator of exercise-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.

Objective: We evaluated whether AMPKα expression and phosphorylation are reduced in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), and whether testosterone replacement therapy results in restoration of the expression and phosphorylation of AMPKα.

Design: This is a secondary analysis of a previously completed trial that showed an insulin-sensitizing effect of testosterone therapy in men with type 2 diabetes and HH.

Acute effects of insulin on skeletal muscle growth and differentiation genes in men with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Insulin has anabolic effects on skeletal muscle. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect in humans. We evaluated whether the skeletal muscle expression of satellite cell activator fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and muscle growth and differentiation factors are modulated acutely by insulin during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC).

Macronutrient-Mediated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Relevance to Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Atherogenesis.

Context: The intake of macronutrients as components of a Western dietary pattern leads to oxidative stress and inflammation.

Evidence Acquisition: Data were largely retrieved from our previous and most recent work. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for recent articles on the effect of macronutrients/dietary intake on inflammation, insulin resistance, obesity, and atherogenesis.

Effect of Testosterone on FGF2, MRF4, and Myostatin in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: Relevance to Muscle Growth.

Context: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2 is an important stimulatory modulator of satellite cells in skeletal muscle. Satellite cells play a cardinal role in muscle growth and repair.

Objective: We evaluated whether skeletal muscle expression of FGF2 and muscle growth and differentiation factors are reduced in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and whether testosterone replacement therapy results in their restoration.