Sphingoid bases extracted from Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach induces apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells through the mitochondria-dependent pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Hippocampus trimaculatus is an important traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used to warm and tonify kidney yang in the clinic for a long time. Modern studies have also shown that it can also display various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation and antitumor due to the abundant ingredients. However, its therapeutic effect and mechanism against tumors like leukemia, which emerge as a prevalent type of hematological tumor disease, requires further research.

Effects of Coconut Exocarp Flavonoid and EDTA-2Na on Aldehyde Generation During Pan-Frying Processing of Squid ().

Squid is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which exert various human health benefits. Pan-fried squid is a popular processed product beloved by consumers. However, the PUFAs of squid can be severely oxidized during thermal processing, which will result in the reduction in nutritional value and generation of harmful compounds like aldehydes.

Synthesis of Mesoporous Eu-Doped Zinc/Silicate Phosphors for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Sulfide Ions.

A mesoporous Eu-doped zinc/silicate phosphor with a large surface area (>100 mg) and amorphous structure was prepared in an aqueous solution without using any organic template. The residual concentration of the Zn ion in the filtrate is lower than the standard of effluent 3.5 ppm under a pH 8-11 preparation condition.

Effects of surface treatments of bioactive tricalcium silicate-based restorative material on the bond strength to resin composite.

Objectives: This study aimed to enhance the bond strength between Biodentine™ (BD), a bioactive tricalcium silicate (CS) based material, and resin composite through various surface treatments.

Methodology: BD samples were immersed in either double distilled water or Hank's Balanced Salt Solution and analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Shear bond strength (SBS) evaluations of BD were performed using Prime & Bond™ NT (PNT), Single Bond Universal (SBU), Xeno V (Xeno), and glass ionomer cement (GIC) following various etching durations (0 s/ 15 s/ 30 s/ 60 s with 37.

MS-FANet: Multi-scale feature attention network for liver tumor segmentation.

Accurate segmentation of liver tumors is a prerequisite for early diagnosis of liver cancer. Segmentation networks extract features continuously at the same scale, which cannot adapt to the variation of liver tumor volume in computed tomography (CT). Hence, a multi-scale feature attention network (MS-FANet) for liver tumor segmentation is proposed in this paper.

[A survey of loss function of medical image segmentation algorithms].

Medical image segmentation based on deep learning has become a powerful tool in the field of medical image processing. Due to the special nature of medical images, image segmentation algorithms based on deep learning face problems such as sample imbalance, edge blur, false positive, false negative, etc. In view of these problems, researchers mostly improve the network structure, but rarely improve from the unstructured aspect.

[Research progress on medical image dataset expansion methods].

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems play a very important role in modern medical diagnosis and treatment systems, but their performance is limited by training samples. However, the training samples are affected by factors such as imaging cost, labeling cost and involving patient privacy, resulting in insufficient diversity of training images and difficulty in data obtaining. Therefore, how to efficiently and cost-effectively augment existing medical image datasets has become a research hotspot.

Optimizing the Micro/Mesoporous Structure of Hierarchical Porous Carbon Synthesized from Petroleum Pitch Using the Solvent-Free Method for Ultra-Fast Capacitive Deionization.

In this work, a solvent-free ZnO-template method is used to synthesize hierarchical porous carbons (denoted as HPC-; = 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 g of ZnO) via the pyrolysis of petroleum industrial-residual pitch with ZnO. The proposed method allows precise control of the micro/meso/macroporous structure of the HPC by adjusting the amount of ZnO.

Electrospun Benzimidazole-Based Polyimide Membrane for Supercapacitor Applications.

A benzimidazole-containing diamine monomer was prepared via a simple one-step synthesis process. A two-step procedure involving polycondensation in the presence of aromatic dianhydrides (4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride, ODPA) followed by thermal imidization was then performed to prepare a benzimidazole-based polyimide (BI-PI). BI-PI membranes were fabricated using an electrospinning technique and were hot pressed for 30 min at 200 °C under a pressure of 50 kgf /cm.

Iridescent Colloidal Crystals Composed of SiO Porous Hollow Sphere for SERS Application.

In recent years, the application of low-refractive-index materials in the optical field has attracted considerable attention due to it high transmittance and high optical sensitivity. In this study, we synthesized SiO porous hollow spheres (SPHS) with an ultralow refractive index ( = 1.05) by using a templating method.

Correction: Green synthesis of nitrogen-doped multiporous carbons for oxygen reduction reaction using water-caltrop shells and eggshell waste.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D1RA02100A.].

Green synthesis of nitrogen-doped multiporous carbons for oxygen reduction reaction using water-caltrop shells and eggshell waste.

A green synthesis method is proposed for the preparation of nitrogen-doped multiporous carbons (denoted as N-MPCs) from water-caltrop shell (WCS) using eggshell waste as both a nitrogen-dopant and an activating agent. It is shown that the surface area, porosity, yield and nitrogen content of the as-prepared N-MPCs can be easily controlled by adjusting the activation temperature. Moreover, in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) tests performed in O-saturated 0.

Effects of morphology and pore size of mesoporous silicas on the efficiency of an immobilized enzyme.

An investigation is performed into the efficiency of the HUT 6037 enzyme immobilized in three different mesoporous silicas, namely mesoporous silica film, mesocellular foam, and rod-like SBA-15. It is shown that for all three supports, the pH value changes the surface charge and charge density and hence determines the maximum loading capacity of the enzyme. The products of the enzyme hydrolytic reaction are analyzed by H-NMR.

Green and Highly-Efficient Microwave Synthesis Route for Sulfur/Carbon Composite for Li-S Battery.

Multiporous carbons (MPCs) are prepared using ZnO as a hard template and biomass pyrolysis oil as the carbon source. It is shown that the surface area, pore volume, and mesopore/micropore ratio of the as-prepared MPCs can be easily controlled by adjusting the ZnO/oil ratio. Sulfur/MPC (S/MPC) composite is prepared by blending sulfur powder with the as-prepared MPCs followed by microwave heating at three different powers (100 W/200 W/300 W) for 60 s.

Lentibacillus saliphilus. sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saltern in Korea.

A novel moderately halophilic bacterial strain, designated YIM 93176, was isolated from a saltern in Korea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. This isolate YIM 93176 was observed to grow in the presence of 0-22% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.0-10.

Synthesis of Multiporous Carbons from the Water Caltrop Shell for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

In this study, an economic, sustainable, and green synthesis method of multiporous carbons from agricultural waste, water caltrop shell (denoted as WCS), was presented. To prepare the WCS biochar, the dried WCS was first carbonized to a microporous carbon with a surface area of around 230 m g by using a top-lit-updraft method. Then, the microporous WCS biochar was directly mixed with an appropriate amount of ZnO nanoparticles and KOH as activating agents via a solvent-free physical blending route.

Crystal growth in dentinal tubules with bio-calcium carbonate-silica sourced from equisetum grass.

Background/purpose: One effective way to deal with dentin hypersensitivity is to develop materials to seal the tubules. The porous bio-calcium carbonate-silica (BCCS) contained well-dispersed CaCO would form calcium phosphates to seal the dentinal tubules when mixed with an acidic solution. The acidic hydrothermal treatment and calcination to isolate the BCCS from the agricultural waste like equisetum grass was used, which would be more environmentally friendly than chemically synthesized mesoporous biomaterials.

Application of metallic nanoparticle-biochars with ionic liquids for thermal transfer fluids.

Ionic liquids (ILs (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Cmim][Cl]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Cmim][BF]))) were used as heat transfer fluids for solar thermal collectors. The additive of ILs was biochar containing copper and silver nanoparticles (Cu-Ag/biochar) to improve the adsorption of solar irradiation and thermal conductivities. After impregnation and reduction processes, nanoparticles such as Cu, CuO, Cu(OH), Ag, and AgO were found in the biochar by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy.

Simple In-House Fabrication of Microwells for Generating Uniform Hepatic Multicellular Cancer Aggregates and Discovering Novel Therapeutics.

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have become powerful tools because they better simulate the in vivo pathophysiological microenvironment than traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures. Tumor cells cultured in a 3D system as multicellular cancer aggregates (MCAs) recapitulate several critical in vivo characteristics that enable the study of biological functions and drug discovery. The microwell, in particular, has emerged as a revolutionary technology in the generation of MCAs as it provides geometrically defined microstructures for culturing size-controlled MCAs amenable for various downstream functional assays.

Adsorption and reactions of propenoic acid and 2-fluoropropanoic acid on Cu(100) and O/Cu(100).

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reaction/desorption have been employed to investigate the adsorption and reaction pathways of CH=CHCOOH and CHCHFCOOH on Cu(100) and oxygen-precovered Cu(100) [O/Cu(100)]. In the case of CH=CHCOOH on O/Cu(100), CH=CHCOO is the surface intermediate detected between 110 K and 400 K. CH=CHCOO is adsorbed vertically and can change adsorption sites at a higher temperature.

Novel calcium encapsulated mesocellular siliceous foams for crystal growth in dentinal tubules.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the novel mesocellular siliceous foams (MCF) containing CaCO nanoparticles (denoted as CMCF) combined with phosphoric acid could occlude dentinal tubules through the formation of biomimetic crystal barrier.

Methods: Ultrastructures of MCF and CMCF were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Elemental components were analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX).

Chemo-photothermal effects of doxorubicin/silica-carbon hollow spheres on liver cancer.

Chemo-photothermal therapy, which exhibits synergistic effects, is more effective than either of the treatments administered alone because of its superior ability to target and destroy cancer cells. An anti-cancer compound (doxorubicin, DOX) was embedded in silica-carbon hollow spheres (SCHSs) using heat and vacuum to integrate multi-therapeutic effects onto one platform and subsequently improve the anti-cancer efficacy. SCHSs were synthesized a surface activation method and its highly porous surface enhanced the loading content of the desired drug.

Wavelength-Tunable and Highly Stable Perovskite-Quantum-Dot-Doped Lasers with Liquid Crystal Lasing Cavities.

This study applies a low-cost solvothermal method to synthesize all-inorganic (lead-free cesium tin halide) perovskite quantum dots (AIPQDs) and to fabricate AIPQD-doped lasers with cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) lasing cavities. The lasers present highly qualified lasing features of low threshold (150 nJ/pulse) and narrow line width (0.20 nm) that are attributed to the conjunction of the suppression of photoluminescence (PL) loss caused by the quantum confinement of AIPQDs and the amplification of PL caused by the band-edge effect of the CLC-distributed feedback resonator.

A novel sol-gel-derived calcium silicate cement with short setting time for application in endodontic repair of perforations.

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is the most frequently used repair material in endodontics, but the long setting time and reduced mechanical strength in acidic environments are major shortcomings. In this study, a novel sol-gel-derived calcium silicate cement (sCSC) was developed using an initial Ca/Si molar ratio of 3, with the most effective mixing orders of reactants and optimal HNO catalyst volumes. A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffractometer were used for material characterization.