Development of an identity test for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines using SARS-CoV-2 NAT standard.

Despite the development of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines for the infectious novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), further research on test methods is required to ensure their quality as well as rapid and effective approval for release to the market. During the current national lot release testing, identity tests cannot be conducted on other products using primers, probes, and in-house reference materials provided by the manufacturer and specific to one vaccine, because their sequences do not match. When key reagents and reference materials are dependent on the manufacturer in this way, difficulties in national lot release approval-which serves as an additional step for the government to verify product quality-arise if the manufacturer does not provide them.

Regulation of intracellular proliferation of Salmonella typhimurium by CD63.

Background: Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process involving the lysosomal breakdown of unnecessary or abnormal cellular components. Targets of autophagy include pathogens, altered organelles, and protein aggregates, which are sequestered within double-membrane-limited vesicles known as autophagosomes. A variety of lysosomal membrane proteins play essential roles in numerous cellular processes, including lysosomal acidification, metabolite transport, and interaction with other membrane systems.

Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 as a Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Diseases.

Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in macrophage polarization, apoptosis, and inflammation, and carcinogenesis. The expression of CHI3L1 is significantly increased in various inflammatory and immunological diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and atopic dermatitis. Several studies suggest that CHI3L1 may be a viable therapeutic target for these diseases, given its ability to release various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ).

Anti-CHI3L1 antibody suppresses colon cancer growth through downregulation of VEGFA and NAMPT expression.

Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer. In our previous study, we found that anti-CHIL1 antibody inhibited lung tumorigenesis. It has been reported that CHI3L1 is highly overexpressed in colon cancer tissue compared with normal tissue, and high levels of serum CHI3L1 have been associated with worse colon cancer prognosis.

Anti-arthritis Effect of Anti-chitinase-3-like 1 Antibody Through Inhibition of MMP3.

Chitinase-3-like 1 (CHI3L1) is a key factor in regulating inflammatory processes and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since is highly produced by synoviocytes and macrophages in the development RA. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model is the most widely used because its pathogenesis is similar to human RA. Thus, we aimed to investigate if anti-CHI3L1 antibody could reduce RA development in the CIA model.

Chitinase 3-like protein 1 deficiency ameliorates drug-induced acute liver injury by inhibition of neutrophil recruitment through lipocalin-2.

Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (Chi3l1) is a member of the mammalian Chitinase-like protein family, and several studies reported that Chi3l1 is associated with various inflammatory diseases as well as liver diseases. Acetaminophen (APAP) is usually used for antipyretic drug, but its overdose induces acute liver injury (ALI). Several studies reported that subsequent inflammatory responses of the immune system play a critical role in the severity and outcome of APAP-induced ALI.

Stress Accelerates Depressive-Like Behavior through Increase of SPNS2 Expression in Tg2576 Mice.

To investigate the relationship between depression and AD, water avoidance stress (WAS) was induced for 10 days in both Tg2576 mice and wild-type (WT) mice. After WAS, memory function and depressive-like behavior were investigated in Tg2576 mice. Tg2576 WAS mice exhibited more depressive-like behaviors than WT WAS and Tg2576 control (CON) mice.

Developing CAR-T/NK cells that target EphA2 for non-small cell lung cancer treatment.

Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy has revolutionized anticancer therapy, as it accurately targets cancer cells by recognizing specific antigens expressed in cancer cells. This innovative therapeutic strategy has attracted considerable attention. However, few therapeutics are available for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for most lung cancer cases and is one of the deadliest cancers with low survival rates.

Amelioration of Particulate Matter-Induced Oxidative Stress by a Bioactive Extract: A Functional Biomaterial for Cosmeceutical Applications.

Air pollution-related skin damage has heightened the demand for natural protective agents. , a brown seaweed rich in fucoidan and bioactive fatty acids (α-linolenic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, and palmitic acid), possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the protective effects of ethanol extract (HFE) against particulate matter (PM)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in human keratinocytes.

Crystallin Alpha B Inhibits Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference via the Modulation of Dopaminergic Neurotransmission.

Nonneuronal cells mediate neurotransmission and drug addiction. However, the role of oligodendrocytes in stress-induced cocaine relapses remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of the oligodendrocyte-abundant molecule crystallin alpha B (CRYAB) in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) relapsed by restraint stress.

A1AT dysregulation of metabolically stressed hepatocytes by Kupffer cells drives MASH and fibrosis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is associated with the activation of Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatic stellate cells, at which point a metabolically stressed hepatocyte becomes integral to the progression of the disease. We observed a significant reduction in the level of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), a hepatocyte-derived secreted factor, in both patients with MASH and mice fed a fast-food diet (FFD). KC-mediated hepatic inflammation, most notably IL-1β, led to the transcriptional inhibition of A1AT by HNF4α.

Mutated IL-32θ (A94V) inhibits COX2, GM-CSF and CYP1A1 through AhR/ARNT and MAPKs/NF-κB/AP-1 in keratinocytes exposed to PM.

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) in the air harms human health. Most studies on particulate matter's (PM) effects have primarily focused on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, IL-32θ, one of the IL-32 isoforms, has been demonstrated to modulate cancer development and inflammatory responses.