Multivariate Effects of SNPs on Environmental Streptococcal Mastitis Evaluated With an NGS-Based Association Study Using Targeted Resequencing in the Bovine MHC Region.

Mastitis is an inflammatory reaction caused by bacterial infection of the teat, and a relationship between its onset and cattle major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) region has been reported. However, no comprehensive genetic analysis of mastitis caused by environmental streptococci has been reported. Here, we resequenced the BoLA region using a hybridisation capture target next-generation sequencing (NGS) method to identify disease susceptibility markers mapped to the BoLA region in environmental streptococcal mastitis.

Long-Term Persistence of Anti-Poliovirus Antibody Titers After Two-Dose Booster Immunization with Conventional Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Among Japanese Adults: 10-Year Observational Study.

: Most Japanese adults received two doses of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) during childhood as part of the national immunization program. However, these two doses are considered suboptimal by global standards. The long-term persistence of anti-poliovirus antibodies after booster doses with the conventional inactivated poliovirus vaccine (cIPV) in Japanese adults remains unclear.

No evidence of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA in a widely used commercially frozen semen in Japan.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a global concern that significantly affects the productivity of dairy and beef cattle, leading to considerable economic losses. BLV is primarily transmitted through infected lymphocytes via both horizontal and vertical routes. Vertical transmission occurs through the colostrum, uterus, and placenta.

Identification of markers predicting clinical course in patients with Behcet disease by combination of machine learning and unbiased clustering analysis.

Purpose: Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder with diverse clinical manifestations. Identifying biomarkers predictive of clinical outcomes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor initiation and ocular inflammatory attack frequency, is critical for improving management. This study aimed to identify biomarkers predicting the clinical course of BD using peripheral blood test data and unbiased clustering combined with machine learning.

Efficacy of a standardized regional palivizumab administration protocol based on epidemic prediction for the following season.

Introduction: Monthly palivizumab prevents severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among high-risk children. Palivizumab is generally initiated early in an epidemic, but the best timing for initiation is unknown. Reducing the number of infected patients prior to palivizumab administration is a public health challenge.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Congenital Syphilis in Japan, 2023: Executive Summary.

Congenital syphilis (CS) is a mother-to-child infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum , transmitted through the placenta. In Japan, the number of syphilis cases has recently increased, accompanied by an increase in CS cases. Thus, automated methods for serum antibodies with serial values, without a 2× dilution sequence, have been widely used.

Comprehensive microRNA analyses using vitreous humor of ocular sarcoidosis.

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs which have attracted attention as biomarkers in a variety of diseases. However, extensive unbiased analysis of miRNA in vitreous humor of sarcoidosis patients has not been reported. In the present study, we comprehensively analyzed the dysregulated miRNAs in ocular sarcoidosis to search for potential biomarkers.

Enterovirus 3A protein disrupts endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis through interaction with GBF1.

Enteroviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses causing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to induce or modulate downstream signaling pathways known as the unfolded protein responses (UPR). However, viral and host factors involved in the UPR related to viral pathogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to identify the major regulator of enterovirus-induced UPR and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Probability overestimation induced by icon arrays.

In decision making under risk, where the consequences of choices vary depending on specific probabilities, a proper interpretation of the presented probabilities is essential. However, because people are not good at evaluating numerical values, such as percentages, efforts have been made to accurately convey presented probabilities using visual aids represented by icon arrays. However, previous studies have suggested that icon arrays produce an overestimation of probabilities under specific conditions.

Estimation of the amount of pear pollen based on flowering stage detection using deep learning.

Pear pollination is performed by artificial pollination because the pollination rate through insect pollination is not stable. Pollen must be collected to secure sufficient pollen for artificial pollination. However, recently, collecting sufficient amounts of pollen in Japan has become difficult, resulting in increased imports from overseas.

Relationship between 2nd-generation angiotensin receptor blockers and the risk of hypotension in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital.

It has not yet been established whether angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), statins, and multiple drugs affect the severity of COVID-19. Therefore, we herein performed an observational study on the effects of 1st- and 2nd-generation ARB, statins, and multiple drugs, on COVID-19 in patients admitted to 15 Japanese medical facilities. The results obtained showed that ARB, statins, and multiple drugs were not associated with the primary outcome (odds ratio: 1.

Enterovirus A71 does not meet the uncoating receptor SCARB2 at the cell surface.

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection involves a variety of receptors. Among them, two transmembrane protein receptors have been investigated in detail and shown to be critical for infection: P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in lymphocytes (Jurkat cells), and scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2) in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. PSGL-1 and SCARB2 have been reported to be expressed on the surface of Jurkat and RD cells, respectively.

Emergence of Intergenogroup Reassortant G9P[4] Strains Following Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Ghana.

Rotavirus (RVA) is a leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis. RVA vaccines have reduced the global disease burden; however, the emergence of intergenogroup reassortant strains is a growing concern. During surveillance in Ghana, we observed the emergence of G9P[4] RVA strains in the fourth year after RVA vaccine introduction.

A household survey of intrafamily norovirus transmission.

Norovirus (NoV) is a leading cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis in people of all ages. Humans are the primary source of NoV and household contact is one of the risk factors for NoV transmission. However, the mechanisms underlying person-to-person NoV transmission are poorly understood.

Neutralizing activity of intravenous immune globulin products against enterovirus D68 strains isolated in Japan.

Background: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), belonging to Enterovirus D, is a unique human enterovirus mainly associated with common respiratory diseases. However, EV-D68 can cause severe respiratory diseases, and EV-D68 endemic is epidemiologically linked to current global epidemic of acute flaccid myelitis.

Methods: In this study, we measured neutralizing antibody titers against six clinical EV-D68 isolates in nine intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) products commercially available in Japan to assess their potential as therapeutic options for severe EV-D68 infection.

Pediatric fulminant malignant hyperthermia with severe electroencephalographic abnormality and brain damage: a case report.

Background: Malignant hyperthermia is an extremely dangerous condition that can occur with exposure to volatile inhalant anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants, and that requires immediate intervention. Neurological complications have rarely been reported, with no reports of electroencephalographic abnormalities or encephalopathy. Here, we report a case of severe electroencephalographic abnormality in the acute phase of malignant hyperthermia that eventually led to diffuse cerebral cortical damage.

Shape classification technology of pollinated tomato flowers for robotic implementation.

Three pollination methods are commonly used in the greenhouse cultivation of tomato. These are pollination using insects, artificial pollination (by manually vibrating flowers), and plant growth regulators. Insect pollination is the preferred natural technique.

Imaging features of localized IDH wild-type histologically diffuse astrocytomas: a single-institution case series.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type (IDHwt) diffuse astrocytomas feature highly infiltrative patterns, such as a gliomatosis cerebri growth pattern with widespread involvement. Among these tumors, localized IDHwt histologically diffuse astrocytomas are rarer than the infiltrative type. The aim of this study was to assess and describe the clinical, radiographic, histopathological, and molecular characteristics of this rare type of IDHwt histologically diffuse astrocytomas and thereby provide more information on how its features affect clinical prognoses and outcomes.

Effects of graphical presentation of benefits on cognitive judgments induced by affect heuristic: Focusing on the acceptance of genetically modified foods.

Genetically modified (GM) foods have been assumed to be seen through intuitive and affective routes (i.e., affect heuristics) rather than analytical and deliberative routes.

Complete genome analyses of G12P[8] rotavirus strains from hospitalized children in Surabaya, Indonesia, 2017-2018.

Rotavirus A (RVA) is a major viral cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. G12 RVA strains have emerged globally since 2007. There has been no report of the whole genome sequences of G12 RVAs in Indonesia.