SAM2-Aug: Prior knowledge-based Augmentation for Target Volume Auto-Segmentation in Adaptive Radiation Therapy Using Segment Anything Model 2.

Purpose: Accurate tumor segmentation is vital for adaptive radiation therapy (ART) but remains time-consuming and user-dependent. Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2) shows promise for prompt-based segmentation but struggles with tumor accuracy. We propose prior knowledge-based augmentation strategies to enhance SAM2 for ART.

Contour uncertainty assessment for MD-omitted daily adaptive online head and neck radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Daily online adaptive radiotherapy (DART) increases treatment accuracy by crafting daily customized plans that adjust to the patient's daily setup and anatomy. The routine application of DART is limited by its resource-intensive processes. This study proposes a novel DART strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), automizing the process by propagating physician-edited treatment contours for each fraction.

Progressive auto-segmentation for cone-beam computed tomography-based online adaptive radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Accurate and automated segmentation of targets and organs-at-risk (OARs) is crucial for the successful clinical application of online adaptive radiotherapy (ART). Current methods for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) auto-segmentation face challenges, resulting in segmentations often failing to reach clinical acceptability. Current approaches for CBCT auto-segmentation overlook the wealth of information available from initial planning and prior adaptive fractions that could enhance segmentation precision.

Cryo-electron tomography reveals the packaging pattern of RuBisCOs in Synechococcus β-carboxysome.

Carboxysomes are large self-assembled microcompartments that serve as the central machinery of a CO-concentrating mechanism (CCM). Biogenesis of carboxysome requires the fine organization of thousands of individual proteins; however, the packaging pattern of internal RuBisCOs remains largely unknown. Here we purified the intact β-carboxysomes from Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and identified the protein components by mass spectrometry.

Risk Factors for Enterococcal Intra-Abdominal Infections and Outcomes in Intensive Care Unit Patients.

To investigate the risk factors for enterococcal intra-abdominal infections (EIAIs) and the association between EIAIs and outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We reviewed retrospectively the records of patients with intra-abdominal infections admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine at Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China, from January 2011 to December 2018. Patients with intra-abdominal infections were divided into enterococcal and non-enterococcal groups based on whether enterococci were isolated from intra-abdominal specimens.