Impact of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy on esophageal pressure and cardiovascular function in healthy, anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs.

Objective: To determine whether high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) induces changes in esophageal pressure, a surrogate for intrathoracic pressure, and to evaluate the associated cardiovascular and respiratory effects in healthy dogs.

Methods: A prospective, randomized study was conducted in 6 healthy Beagles. Anesthesia was induced and maintained using alfaxalone total IV anesthesia.

Mouse Tumor Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Angiogenesis Through VEGF Production From Macrophages.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, spherical, and lipid bilayered particles secreted by most types of cells. Tumor microenvironment is a complex system and highly regulated by dynamic interaction of cancer cells with stromal cells, such as immune cells and endothelial cells. Angiogenesis, a process of new capillary formation from pre-existing vasculatures, plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression by providing oxygen and nutrients to proliferating cancer cells.

Effect of experimentally induced mitral regurgitation on endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 as a biomarker of endothelial injury in dogs.

Objective: To investigate changes in plasma endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) concentrations following mitral regurgitation (MR) induction in dogs and to evaluate their association with established diagnostic markers of myxomatous mitral valve disease.

Methods: Purpose-bred Beagles were enrolled in a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial from January 2024 through March 2025. Mitral regurgitation was induced in each dog via a minimally invasive intervention under fluoroscopic guidance with mean left atrial pressure monitoring.

Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness Based on the External Jugular Vein Distensibility Index After Changes in Volume Status in Healthy, Anesthetized, and Mechanically Ventilated Dogs.

Objective: To investigate whether point-of-care ultrasound of the external jugular vein (EJV) can predict fluid responsiveness (FR) in healthy, anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs.

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized experimental study.

Setting: University-based small animal research facility.

Oral treatment with fructus extract modulates mast cells in canine atopic dermatitis.

Introduction: Canine atopic dermatitis is a hereditary, often pruritic, and predominantly T-cell-driven inflammatory skin disease involving an interplay between skin barrier abnormalities and allergen sensitization. However, progress in developing therapeutics for companion animals remains slow, with few drugs advancing to Phase II clinical trials to investigate the underlying mechanisms in target animals. While fruit extract (RMFE) has been strongly implicated in the improvement of various inflammatory diseases, its effects on canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) and the putative underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Metabolic engineering and high-cell-density fermentation of Corynebacterium glutamicum to improve isopropanol production.

Isopropanol is a major chemical used in the chemical industry as a chemical intermediate, organic solvent, and hand sanitizer. In this study, engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum strains capable of high-cell-density fermentation were developed to efficiently produce isopropanol. Transcriptome analysis identified genes that showed significant expression changes under high-cell-density fermentation condition.

Anti-inflammatory effects of rutin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated canine macrophage cells.

Background/objectives: Inflammatory responses are key pathological factors in various canine diseases, making the control of inflammatory responses vital for canine health. This study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of rutin on DH82 cells, a type of canine macrophage, against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses.

Materials/methods: The inflammatory experimental model was established by stimulating canine macrophage DH82 cells with LPS.

Assessment of changes in intra-abdominal pressure and cardiac output induced by liver compression in healthy anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs.

Objective: Liver compression (LC) has been proposed to predict fluid responsiveness in human pediatric patients. Because the evaluation of fluid responsiveness through LC depends on the mechanism of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), understanding the impact of LC on IAP, cardiac output (CO), and respiratory parameters is essential. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of LC on these parameters.

Isopropanol production using engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum from waste rice straw biomass.

Isopropanol, a well-known biofuel, is a widely used precursor for chemical products that can replace nonrenewable petroleum energy. Here, engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum that can effectively utilize all xylose and glucose in agricultural waste rice straw to produce isopropanol was described. First, codon mutations were introduced into transporters and glycolytic-related genes to decrease the glucose preference of C.

Establishment of an experimental model of ovalbumin-induced atopic dermatitis in canines.

Introduction: A reliable standard model is required to evaluate the efficacy of new drugs for companion animals, especially dogs. Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD), also known as allergic inflammatory skin disease, is a common condition. Currently, the house dust mite animal model is used in the research of cAD; however, this model exhibits significant individual variation and is difficult to standardize.

Effective bioconversion of fungal-spoiled starchy food waste into fermentable sugars using fungi-degrading, artificial amylosomes.

Fungi-degrading artificial amylosomes were newly developed consisting of fungi-degrading enzyme (NAG), starch-degrading enzymes and a scaffold protein. Amylosome scaffolds containing starch-binding proteins (SbpCbpA and CCSbpCbpA) were highly bound to starch and fungal-spoiled food waste. Amylosomes showed an average of 1.

Mass-produced gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles activate cancer antigen-specific stem-like CD8 T cells which enables an effective combination immunotherapy with anti-PD-1.

Despite the capability of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to induce potent anti-tumour responses, large-scale production of bacterial EVs remains as a hurdle for their development as novel cancer immunotherapeutic agents. Here, we developed manufacturing processes for mass production of Escherichia coli EVs, namely, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). By combining metal precipitation and size-exclusion chromatography, we isolated 357 mg in total protein amount of E.

Olanzapine Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke-like Pathology in Gerbils and HO-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells via Inhibiting the MAPK Signaling Pathway.

Olanzapine (OLNZ) is used to treat psychotic disorders. To look into the neurological basis of this phenomenon, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of OLNZ in gerbils and SH-SY5Y cells. Gerbils were subjected to transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) by blocking both common carotid arteries, and OLNZ (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally.

Fermented Mentha arvensis administration provides neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils and SH-SY5Y cells via downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.

Background: Globally, ischemic stroke is a major health threat to humans that causes lifelong disability and death. Mentha arvensis (MA) has been used in traditional medicine to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders. In the present study, the neuroprotective properties of fermented MA (FMA) extract were investigated in the gerbil and SH-SY5Y cells.

Anti-inflammatory effects of the Aralia elata and Cirsium japonicum in Raw264.7 cells and in vivo colitis model in mice and dogs.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a severe inflammatory disease that has spread throughout the world. Cirsium japonicum (CJ) and Aralia elata (AE) are natural herbs with potent antioxidative antidiabetics and anti-inflammatory effects. In this investigation, we studied the defensive role of the combination of CJ and AE against LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.

Effect of therapeutic hypothermia against renal injury in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest: Α focus on the survival rate, pathophysiology and antioxidant enzymes.

Although multi‑organ dysfunction is associated with the survival rate following cardiac arrest (CA), the majority of studies to date have focused on hearts and brains, and few studies have considered renal failure. The objective of the present study, therefore, was to examine the effects of therapeutic hypothermia on the survival rate, pathophysiology and antioxidant enzymes in rat kidneys following asphyxial CA. Rats were sacrificed one day following CA.

Therapeutic hypothermia effect on asphyxial cardiac arrest-induced renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via change of Nrf2/HO-1 levels.

The present study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effect of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RI/RI) induced by asphyxial cardiac arrest (CA) in rats. A total of 48 male rats were randomly divided into five groups: i) Sham (n=6); ii) Normothermia + CA (Normo.) (n=14); iii) Normo.

Changes of renal histopathology and the role of Nrf2/HO-1 in asphyxial cardiac arrest model in rats.

Purpose: To investigate the role of Nrf2/HO-1 in renal histopathological ailments time-dependently in asphyxial cardiac arrest (CA) rat model.

Methods: Eighty-eight Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into five groups of eight rats each. Asphyxial CA was induced in all the experimental rats except for the sham group.