Influence of Hybrid Class and Ensiling Duration on Deoxynivalenol Accumulation and Its Derivative Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside While Ensiling Corn for Silage.

In silage corn ( L.), causes diseases and produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The work presented here investigated DON accumulation and its fate during the ensiling of ground, whole-plant material obtained from dual-purpose (DP) and brown midrib (BMR) corn hybrids.

GABA Immunoreactivity and Pharmacological Effects vary Among Stylet-Bearing Nematodes.

Plant-parasitic nematodes conduct a series of sophisticated behaviors to complete their life cycles. Among these, locomotion behaviors, including finding the host and migrating to the feeding site, directly affect the success of parasitism. Thus, disrupting locomotion behaviors has the potential to control these parasites.

Somatic genomic changes in single Alzheimer's disease neurons.

Dementia in Alzheimer's disease progresses alongside neurodegeneration, but the specific events that cause neuronal dysfunction and death remain poorly understood. During normal ageing, neurons progressively accumulate somatic mutations at rates similar to those of dividing cells which suggests that genetic factors, environmental exposures or disease states might influence this accumulation. Here we analysed single-cell whole-genome sequencing data from 319 neurons from the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and neurotypical control individuals.

Myosin VI regulates the spatial organisation of mammalian transcription initiation.

During transcription, RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) is spatially organised within the nucleus into clusters that correlate with transcription activity. While this is a hallmark of genome regulation in mammalian cells, the mechanisms concerning the assembly, organisation and stability remain unknown. Here, we have used combination of single molecule imaging and genomic approaches to explore the role of nuclear myosin VI (MVI) in the nanoscale organisation of RNAPII.

Presence and Correlation of and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Silage Corn Plant Parts.

Corn silage, made from , is a high-energy feed that is important for feeding dairy cows. Plant diseases, such as those caused by , can decrease silage corn yields and quality. (teleomorph ) is an ascomycete fungus that causes Gibberella ear and stalk rot in corn.

Brain Somatic Mutation in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

Somatic mutations arise postzygotically, producing genetic differences between cells in an organism. Well established as a driver of cancer, somatic mutations also exist in nonneoplastic cells, including in the brain. Technological advances in nucleic acid sequencing have enabled recent breakthroughs that illuminate the roles of somatic mutations in aging and degenerative diseases of the brain.

The RAC1 activator Tiam1 regulates centriole duplication through controlling PLK4 levels.

Centriole duplication is tightly controlled to maintain correct centriole number through the cell cycle. Key to this is the regulated degradation of PLK4, the master regulator of centriole duplication. Here, we show that the Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Tiam1 localises to centrosomes during S-phase, where it is required for the maintenance of normal centriole number.

Identification of Soybean () Check Lines for Evaluating Genetic Resistance to Sclerotinia Stem Rot.

Soybean production in the upper midwestern United States is affected by Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by the fungal pathogen . Genetic resistance is an important management strategy for this disease; however, assessing genetic resistance to is challenging because a standardized method of examining resistance across genotypes is lacking. Using a panel of nine diverse isolates, four soybean lines were assessed for reproducible responses to infection.

Mechanisms and consequences of dysregulation of the Tiam family of Rac activators in disease.

The Tiam family proteins - Tiam1 and Tiam2/STEF - are Rac1-specific Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) with important functions in epithelial, neuronal, immune and other cell types. Tiam GEFs regulate cellular migration, proliferation and survival, mainly through activating and directing Rac1 signalling. Dysregulation of the Tiam GEFs is significantly associated with human diseases including cancer, immunological and neurological disorders.

Assessing the tolerability and efficacy of first-line chemotherapy in elderly patients with metastatic HER2-ve breast cancer.

Background: In metastatic breast cancer (MBC), there is no consensus regarding the optimal regimen sequence and whether adults >65 years old (OA) are at increased risk from chemotherapy toxicity. Treatment decisions are often driven by the ability to tolerate treatment and maintain the quality of life. This study was designed to assess current practice in an oncology hospital in the UK.

Immobility in the sedentary plant-parasitic nematode H. glycines is associated with remodeling of neuromuscular tissue.

The sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes are considered among the most economically damaging pathogens of plants. Following infection and the establishment of a feeding site, sedentary nematodes become immobile. Loss of mobility is reversed in adult males while females never regain mobility.

The Emerging Clinical Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review.

Importance: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent disorder, and community psychiatrists are likely to treat many individuals with ASD during their clinical practice. This clinical case challenge describes a routine evaluation of irritability and self-injury in a preschool-aged child who meets the criteria for ASD. The case also illustrates the importance of known risk factors for ASD, such as chromosomal deletion and prematurity.

Prejudice in the pub: How alcohol and ideology loosen the tongue.

This study (N = 124) tested the main and interactive effects of alcohol consumption, egalitarianism, and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) in relation to prejudice suppression in the natural environment of a British Public House (pub). Employing a quasi-experimental between-subjects design, participants who had consumed alcohol were worse at suppressing their prejudice than participants with no alcohol consumption. Further, the more participants endorsed egalitarian values, the more they were able to suppress their prejudice.

White Matter Abnormalities in Autism and Unaffected Siblings.

This study was conducted to identify a potential neuroendophenotype for autism using diffusion tensor imaging. Whole-brain, voxel-based analysis of fractional anisotropy was conducted in 50 children: 19 with autism, 20 unaffected siblings, and 11 controls. Relative to controls, participants with autism exhibited bilateral reductions in fractional anisotropy across association, commissure, and projection fibers.

How to Identify Success Among Networks That Promote Active Living.

Objectives: We evaluated organization- and network-level factors that influence organizations' perceived success. This is important for managing interorganizational networks, which can mobilize communities to address complex health issues such as physical activity, and for achieving change.

Methods: In 2011, we used structured interview and network survey data from 22 states in the United States to estimate multilevel random-intercept models to understand organization- and network-level factors that explain perceived network success.

Municipal Officials' Participation in Built Environment Policy Development in the United States.

Purpose: This study examined municipal officials' participation in built environment policy initiatives focused on land use design, transportation, and parks and recreation.

Design: Web-based cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Eighty-three municipalities with 50,000 or more residents in eight states.

Local Wellness Policy 5 years later: is it making a difference for students in low-income, rural Colorado elementary schools?

Introduction: The federally mandated Local Wellness Policy (LWP) was intended to promote student health in schools. This study assesses the 5-year effects of the LWP on the health practices of rural elementary schools in Colorado.

Methods: One year before and 5 years after the LWP mandate, a survey was administered to a random sample of principals, physical education (PE) teachers, and food-service managers in 45 rural, low-income elementary schools in Colorado.

In-depth interviews with state public health practitioners on the United States National Physical Activity Plan.

Background: The United States National Physical Activity Plan (NPAP; 2010), the country's first national plan for physical activity, provides strategies to increase population-level physical activity to complement the 2008 physical activity guidelines. This study examined state public health practitioner awareness, dissemination, use, challenges, and recommendations for the NPAP.

Methods: In 2011-2012, we interviewed 27 state practitioners from 25 states.

Municipal officials' perceived barriers to consideration of physical activity in community design decision making.

Context: Built environment-focused interventions and policies are recommended as sustainable approaches for promoting physical activity. Physical activity has not traditionally been considered in land use and transportation decision making. Effective collaboration with non-public health partners requires knowledge of their perceived barriers to such consideration.