Multimodal AI for risk stratification in autism spectrum disorder: integrating voice and screening tools.

Early Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) identification is crucial but resource-intensive. This study evaluated a novel two-stage multimodal AI framework for scalable ASD screening using data from 1242 children (18-48 months). A mobile application collected parent-child interaction audio and screening tool data (MCHAT, SCQ-L, SRS).

Effectiveness of Scenario-Based Dental Hygiene Education Using Virtual Reality: Intraoral Radiography Training.

Purpose/objectives: This study aimed to develop a virtual reality simulation (VRS) program that is based on a scenario, training dental hygiene students in the intraoral bisecting angle technique. We tested the effectiveness of VRS in education using performance confidence (PC), clinical competency (CC) and learning satisfaction (LS).

Methods: This study developed a program based on performance competency and conducted a single-group pretest-posttest experiment to test its effectiveness.

Large-Scale Profiling of Coding and Long Noncoding Transcriptomes in the Hippocampus of Mice Acutely Exposed to Vaporized CBD or THC.

Cannabis vaping, particularly involving cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), rapidly delivers highly concentrated cannabinoids to the brain, potentially affecting the hippocampus. This study examined differential expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in the hippocampus after acute exposure to vaporized CBD or THC. Male ICR mice were exposed to vaporized CBD or THC (50 mg, n = 5/group), and hippocampal tissues were collected at 1, 3, and 14 days post-exposure.

Spectrum and epidemiology of rare diseases in a Chinese natural population of 14.31 million residents, 2012-2023.

Background: Rare diseases, though individually uncommon, collectively affect a significant portion of the population. However, their epidemiology in China remains underexplored. A population-based rare disease registry comprising 14.

Shotgun metagenomics reveals alteration of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways in adults with poor sleep quality.

Introduction: Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a role in sleep disturbance. This study explored the characteristics of the gut microbiome and the functional metabolic pathways related to sleep quality.

Methods: A total of 588 participants were recruited.

Successful Intraluminal Administration of Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Life-Threatening Obstructive Hematoma in Extremely Preterm Infants.

We report the cases of two extremely preterm infants who were successfully treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for a life-threatening obstructive intraluminal hematoma. One infant presented with bowel perforation and ileus resulting from a gastrointestinal (GI) hematoma, whereas the other experienced lung collapse due to an intratracheal hematoma. Direct administration of tPA to the GI tract and trachea, respectively, resulted in hematoma lysis and relief of the obstruction.

Integrating pulmonary and systemic transcriptomes to characterize lung injury after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is a potentially life-saving therapy but can lead to lung injury due to chemoradiation toxicity, infection, and immune dysregulation. We previously showed that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) transcriptomes representing pulmonary inflammation and cellular injury can phenotype post-HCT lung injury and predict mortality. To test whether peripheral blood might be a suitable surrogate for BAL, we compared 210 paired BAL and blood transcriptomes obtained from 166 pediatric HCT patients at 27 hospitals.

Updates in juvenile dermatomyositis: pathogenesis and therapy.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides updates on juvenile dermatomyositis pathogenesis and treatment.

Recent Findings: JDM pathogenesis research updates in genetic risk factors include C4 copy number. Studies clarify myositis-specific autoantibodies' (MSA) role in disease pathogenesis and more myositis-associated antibody (MAA) clinical associations.

Polygenic prediction of body mass index and obesity through the life course and across ancestries.

Polygenic scores (PGSs) for body mass index (BMI) may guide early prevention and targeted treatment of obesity. Using genetic data from up to 5.1 million people (4.

CAR T cell therapy for children with rheumatic disease: the time is now.

Initial success with B cell-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases has generated enthusiasm for the broad application of this technology outside of the field of oncology. Paediatric patients with severe rheumatic diseases require lifelong therapy with a substantial toxicity burden and a high cost of care. Paradigm-shifting treatments, including CAR T cells, are desperately needed.

Korean Version of the Confidence of Arm and Hand Movement Scale and Its Psychometric Properties.

Objective: To investigate the impact of self-efficacy in using one's upper limbs on the overall wellbeing of stroke patients, we developed the Korean version of the Confidence of Arm and Hand Movement (K-CAHM) scale by modifying the original CAHM to suit Korean cultural conditions.

Methods: This study was conducted from May 2022 to June 2023 at a rehabilitation hospital with 54 stroke patients. Participants with sufficient cognitive and verbal abilities were included, while those with severe comorbidities were excluded.

JAK3-deficient mini-pigs exhibit impaired lymphoid organogenesis, intestinal structure, and leukocyte/cytokine production.

Introduction: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mini-pigs are a highly versatile model for human disease research and regenerative medicine.

Objectives: This study aims to generate a novel JAK3-deficient mini-pig model with a human-like immune system and to elucidate how JAK3 plays an important role in immune system.

Methods: JAK3 and RAG2 knockout (KO) mini-pigs were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer.

Integrating Pulmonary and Systemic Transcriptomic Profiles to Characterize Lung Injury after Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is potentially curative for numerous malignant and non-malignant diseases but can lead to lung injury due to chemoradiation toxicity, infection, and immune dysregulation. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is the most commonly used procedure for diagnostic sampling of the lung but is invasive, cannot be performed in medically fragile patients, and is challenging to perform serially. We previously showed that BAL transcriptomes representing pulmonary inflammation and cellular injury can phenotype post-HCT lung injury and predict mortality outcomes.

Plasmonic Observation of High-Density Nanoclustering in Low-Temperature HO.

There has been considerable scientific interest in comprehending the behavior and phase transitions of HO at the nanoscale in low temperatures. Herein, a highly sensitive and nondestructive surface plasmonic detection system operated at low temperatures to investigate the real-time nanoscale variation in HO density from a rapidly cooled thin ice layer formed at 77 K is employed. The nanoslit device exhibits a distinct plasmonic response at 180-250 K, correlated to an increase in the local density of HO at the nanometer scale.

Assessing the Development and Validity of Educational Videos in Educating Dental Infection Control Coordinators.

Objectives: This study aimed to introduce video-recorded simulation-based scenarios to facilitate case-based learning discussions (CBLDs) and to evaluate the appropriateness of these educational videos for hands-on training by conducting an expert validation process.

Methods: Following educational video topics were chosen based on their practicality and high demand from the dental infection control coordinators (DICC): "Reprocessing and Sterilization Monitoring of Reusable Instruments," "Performance Monitoring of Infection Control Specialists," "Hand Hygiene and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)," and "Reporting System and Post-Incident Management for Infection Exposures." Scenario development involved five dental hygienists with > 10 years of experience.

Therapeutic Effects of TN13 Peptide on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Sepsis Models In Vivo.

Regulation of acute inflammatory responses is crucial for host mortality and morbidity induced by pathogens. The pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis are associated with systemic inflammation. p38 MAPK is a crucial regulator of inflammatory responses and is a potential target for acute inflammatory diseases, including ARDS and sepsis.

Monoclonal antibody targeting IFNβ for the treatment of NXP2-positive ulcerative juvenile dermatomyositis.

This report outlines the case of a 9-year-old girl with severe anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 antibody-positive juvenile dermatomyositis presenting with disease refractory to multiple traditional therapies. Treatment with an experimental monoclonal antibody inhibiting interferon beta (IFNβ) resulted in the rapid resolution of her muscle weakness and cutaneous and gastrointestinal ulcers. This case highlights the potential benefit of inhibiting IFNβ in the management of recalcitrant juvenile dermatomyositis.

MRI Coregistered Rodent Histotripsy Array for Orthotopic Liver Models.

Histotripsy has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for liver tumors, recently gaining food and drug administration (FDA) approval for clinical use in October 2023. Preclinical in vivo histotripsy experiments primarily utilize subcutaneous ectopic murine tumor models, which fail to accurately replicate the complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of liver tumors. In order to address this gap, we present the design, development, and in vivo demonstration of a miniature, electronically steerable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided histotripsy array tailored for orthotopic murine liver tumor models.

Histotripsy-Focused Ultrasound Treatment Abrogates Tumor Hypoxia Responses and Stimulates Antitumor Immune Responses in Melanoma.

Histotripsy-focused ultrasound treatment gives rise to systemic antitumor immune responses. We investigated whether histotripsy effects on immunosuppressive tumor hypoxia were a potential mechanism for these immunostimulatory effects. Immunocompetent or CD8-deficient C57BL/6 mice with flank B16F10 or YUMM1.

Safety and Efficacy of the Use of pdVWF/FVIII-C in Patients with von Willebrand Disease: A Prospective, Observational, Post-Authorization Study.

IntroductionPlasma-derived von Willebrand factor containing FVIII concentrates (pdVWF/FVIII-C) are indicated as replacement therapy for patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD). This study assessed safety and efficacy associated with long-term real-world experience of the pdVWF/FVIII-C, Fanhdi, in patients with VWD.MethodsThis observational, prospective, post-authorization cohort study was conducted at five centers in Spain.

Beta-lactam combination treatment overcomes rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The significant global impact of tuberculosis (TB) on human health is exacerbated by the increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and the challenges of novel drug discovery for the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Rifampicin is a key first-line TB drug and rifampicin resistance is a major obstacle to treating MDR-TB.

Approach to Janus kinase inhibition for juvenile dermatomyositis among CARRA and PReS providers.

Objectives: Janus kinase inhibition (JAKi) has been proposed as a treatment for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies to target increased interferon signalling. Predominantly retrospective reports have demonstrated effectiveness of JAKi in refractory JDM. However, JAKi remains an off-label treatment for JDM and there may be variation in use worldwide.

A shotgun metagenomic study identified short-chain fatty acid-producing species and their functions in the gut microbiome of adults with depressive symptoms: Large-scale shotgun sequencing data of the gut microbiota using a cross-sectional design.

Background: The gut-brain axis is emerging as a novel mechanism to explain depressive disorders.

Methods: We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing of stool samples obtained from 133 individuals with depression and 532 without depression. This study examined the taxonomy, functional pathways, and predicted metabolites profiles associated with depressive symptoms, using generalized linear models.

Bundling Procedures in Critically Ill Trauma Patients: Should It Be Done?

BackgroundThe precautions brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic led to the growing practice of bundling lines in patients requiring intubation. Our study aims to examine the effect of immediate bundled lines (IBL) on traumatic injuries. We hypothesized that severely injured patients may benefit from IBL.