Magnetic targeting of lornoxicam/SPION bilosomes loaded in a thermosensitive in situ hydrogel system for the management of osteoarthritis: Optimization, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies in rat model via modulation of RANKL/OPG.

Osteoarthritis is a bone and joint condition characterized pathologically by articular cartilage degenerative damage and can develop into a devastating and permanently disabling disorder. This investigation aimed to formulate the anti-inflammatory drug lornoxicam (LOR) into bile salt-enriched vesicles loaded in an in situ forming hydrogel as a potential local treatment of osteoarthritis. This was achieved by formulating LOR-loaded bilosomes that are also loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for intra-muscular (IM) administration to improve joint targeting and localization by applying an external magnet to the joint.

Formulation and Evaluation of Prednisolone Sodium Metazoate-Loaded Mucoadhesive Quatsomal Gel for Local Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers: Optimization, In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Studies.

This study aims to formulate a buccal mucoadhesive gel containing prednisolone sodium metazoate-loaded quatsomes for efficient localized therapy of recurrent aphthous ulcers. Quatsomes were prepared using a varied concentration of quaternary ammonium surfactants (QAS) and cholesterol (CHO). A 2 factorial design was conducted to address the impact of independent variables QAS type (X), QAS to CHO molar ratio (X), and sonication time (X).

Enhanced Wound Healing Potential of Nanophytosomes: Metabolomic Profiling, Molecular Networking, and Modulation of HMGB-1 in an Excisional Wound Rat Model.

Excisional wounds are considered one of the most common physical injuries. This study aims to test the effect of a nanophytosomal formulation loaded with a dried hydroalcoholic extract of on promoting excisional wound healing. The nanophytosomal formulation (SPNP) containing 100 mg PC and 50 mg CH exhibited optimum physicochemical characteristics regarding particle size (598.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide loaded chitosan coated bilosomes for magnetic nose to brain targeting of resveratrol.

The objective of this study was to improve effectiveness of resveratrol (RES) through brain targeting by the intranasal olfactory mucosa for the treatment Alzheimer's disease (AD). To attain this, chitosan coated bilosomes (non ionic surfactant vesicles stabilized by bile salts, loaded with RES and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were prepared and incorporated into sodium alginate/PVP wafers. In vitro characterization of bilosomes including colloidal characteristics, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release was carried out.

Novel lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles incorporated in thermosensitive in situ gel for intranasal delivery of terbutaline sulphate.

Aim: The present work aimed to improve the bioavailability of terbutaline sulphate (TS) and to prolong its nasal residence time for the treatment of asthma.

Methods: Chitosan/pectin polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (CS/PC) were prepared by ionic gelation method and coated with phospholipid (PL) and then incorporated into optimised thermosensitive in situ gel.

Results: The optimal PL-coated nanoparticle formulation (LP1) showed the smallest particle size (345.

Histopathological evaluation of different regenerative protocols using Chitosan-based formulations for management of immature non-vital teeth with apical periodontitis: In vivo study.

This study aimed to assess regenerative treatment protocols for maturogenesis of immature teeth with apical periodontitis in dogs. Apical periodontitis was induced in immature premolars of 8 mongrel dogs teeth that were divided into 5 groups; regeneration via blood clotting (REG group); chitosan loaded with demineralised bone matrix (REG-CD group); chitosan loaded with dexamethazone corticosteroid (REG-CC group); and positive and negative control groups. All groups showed comparable apical hard tissue formation and significantly different from the control group.

Tailoring of PEGylated bilosomes for promoting the transdermal delivery of olmesartan medoxomil: in-vitro characterization, ex-vivo permeation and in-vivo assessment.

Introduction: The intention of this work was to load olmesartan medoxomil (OLM), a sparsely water soluble antihypertensive bioactive with low oral bioavailability (26%), into PEGylated bilosomes (PBs) for augmenting its transdermal delivery. PBs contain PEGylated single chain edge activator besides the components of traditional bilosomes (Span 60, cholesterol and bile salts). The PEG gives further resilience to vesicle membrane and is speculated to augment both permeability and bioavailability of OLM.

Use of transethosomes for enhancing the transdermal delivery of olmesartan medoxomil: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluation.

Introduction And Aim: Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is an antihypertensive drug with low oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism. This study aimed to prepare transetho somes (TEs) for enhancing the transdermal delivery of OLM to avoid its oral problems.

Methods: TE formulae were prepared utilizing 51.

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Loaded Lipid Nanocarriers Incorporated in Thermosensitive In Situ Gel for Magnetic Brain Targeting of Clonazepam.

The objective of the study was to target clonazepam to the brain through the intranasal olfactory mucosa using nanolipid carriers loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to allow nanocarrier guidance and retention with an external magnetic field. For improved delivery, the nanolipid carriers were incorporated in a thermosensitive mucoadhesive in situ gel. Different nanolipid carriers including solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were prepared and characterized with respect to particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release.

Nanoemulsion-based electrolyte triggered in situ gel for ocular delivery of acetazolamide.

In the present work the antiglaucoma drug, acetazolamide, was formulated as an ion induced nanoemulsion-based in situ gel for ocular delivery aiming a sustained drug release and an improved therapeutic efficacy. Different acetazolamide loaded nanoemulsion formulations were prepared using peanut oil, tween 80 and/or cremophor EL as surfactant in addition to transcutol P or propylene glycol as cosurfactant. Based on physicochemical characterization, the nanoemulsion formulation containing mixed surfactants and transcutol P was selected to be incorporated into ion induced in situ gelling systems composed of gellan gum alone and in combination with xanthan gum, HPMC or carbopol.

Nanodispersion-loaded mucoadhesive polymeric inserts for prolonged treatment of post-operative ocular inflammation.

Mucoadhesive polymeric films incorporated with ketorolac tromethamine-loaded nanodispersion aiming the sustained delivery of the drug to the cornea have been developed and characterised for the treatment of post-operative ocular inflammation. Nanodispersions were prepared by ionic gelation method with various concentrations of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate. The developed nanodispersions were analysed for morphology, particle size, dispersion homogeneity, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and drug release.

Development and characterization of polymer-coated liposomes for vaginal delivery of sildenafil citrate.

Vaginal administration of sildenafil citrate has shown recently to develop efficiently the uterine lining with subsequent successful embryo implantation following in vitro fertilization. The aim of the present study was to develop sildenafil-loaded liposomes coated with bioadhesive polymers for enhanced vaginal retention and improved drug permeation. Three liposomal formulae were prepared by thin-film method using different phospholipid:cholesterol ratios.

Ketoroloac tromethamine loaded nanodispersion incorporated into thermosensitive in situ gel for prolonged ocular delivery.

The present study was designed to improve the ocular availability of ketorolac tromethamine and to prolong its precorneal residence time for the treatment of postoperative ocular inflammation. Ketorolac tromethamine nanodispersions were successfully prepared by nanoprecipitation method using Eudragit(®) RL100. These nanodispersions were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release.

Carbamazepine mucoadhesive nanoemulgel (MNEG) as brain targeting delivery system via the olfactory mucosa.

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an antiepileptic orally administered drug, but due to its low solubility in water, its gastrointestinal absorption is slow and irregular, leading to delayed brain uptake with consequent peripheral side actions. The objective of this study was the brain targeting of CBZ via the olfactory mucosa in form of an intranasal mucoadhesive o/w nanoemulgel (MNEG). CBZ was formulated in a nanoemulgel system containing oleic acid/labrasol in a ratio of 1:5 as oil/surfactant and 0.

Photostabilization of sunscreen oil through preparation of a free-flowing powder.

Octyl-p-methoxycinnamate (OMC) is a sun-blocking agent that absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation in UVB range. However, when exposed to sunlight, OMC is converted into a less UV-absorbent form, which reduces its effectiveness. The aim of this study was to stabilize the oil by microencapsulation and to convert it into a free-flowing powder form.

Development and characterization of sponge-like acyclovir ocular minitablets.

For the treatment of ocular keratitis acyclovir, as a highly specific inhibitor of herpes virus replication, is applied topically into the eye. The objective of this study was to design and evaluate freeze-dried, bioadhesive and biodegredable acyclovir ocular minitablets for prolonged local drug action. The sponge-like nature of the lyophilized ocular minitablets ensures rapid hydration and gelation of these tablets in the eye and thus would reduce the foreign body sensation.

Global transcriptome and deletome profiles of yeast exposed to transition metals.

A variety of pathologies are associated with exposure to supraphysiological concentrations of essential metals and to non-essential metals and metalloids. The molecular mechanisms linking metal exposure to human pathologies have not been clearly defined. To address these gaps in our understanding of the molecular biology of transition metals, the genomic effects of exposure to Group IB (copper, silver), IIB (zinc, cadmium, mercury), VIA (chromium), and VB (arsenic) elements on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined.

Colon-specific drug delivery for mebeverine hydrochloride.

Mebeverine Hydrochloride (MB-HCl), an effective spasmolytic drug, was formulated as CODES. A colon-specific drug delivery technology CODES was designed to avoid the inherent problems associated with pH- or time-dependent systems. To achieve more protection and control of drug release, MB-HCl was prepared as microspheres and compressed as core tablets of CODES (modified CODES).

The multiple biological roles of the 3'-->5' exonuclease of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase delta require switching between the polymerase and exonuclease domains.

Until recently, the only biological function attributed to the 3'-->5' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerases was proofreading of replication errors. Based on genetic and biochemical analysis of the 3'-->5' exonuclease of yeast DNA polymerase delta (Pol delta) we have discerned additional biological roles for this exonuclease in Okazaki fragment maturation and mismatch repair. We asked whether Pol delta exonuclease performs all these biological functions in association with the replicative complex or as an exonuclease separate from the replicating holoenzyme.

Cadmium is a mutagen that acts by inhibiting mismatch repair.

Most errors that arise during DNA replication can be corrected by DNA polymerase proofreading or by post-replication mismatch repair (MMR). Inactivation of both mutation-avoidance systems results in extremely high mutability that can lead to error catastrophe. High mutability and the likelihood of cancer can be caused by mutations and epigenetic changes that reduce MMR.

The influence of dilution of topical semisolid preparations on hydrocortisone permeation through excised human stratum corneum.

Dilution of semisolid preparations, in order to tailor the formulations to the needs of the patients, was thought to be associated with a number of dangers, one of which is the unpredictable alteration of activity. In the present study the influence of dilution on hydrocortisone permeation through excised human stratum corneum was investigated. The permeation profiles of hydrocortisone from various cream bases (diluted and undiluted) were found to be very similar with no significant differences.