Exploring the interplay between BMI, subjective body image perception, and health behaviors: A cross-sectional study.

Background: This study explored the impact of discrepancies between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Subjective Body Image Perception (SBIP) on metabolic health indicators, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), sleep time (ST), and stress levels in Korean adults.

Methods: Data from 8,634 participants in the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2019-2021) were analyzed. Participants were categorized into three groups: Group A (SBIP = BMI), Group B (SBIP < BMI), and Group C (SBIP > BMI).

Neuroprotective effects of taurine in a rodent model of parkinson's disease involve modulating astrocyte-mediated inflammation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons due to oxidative stress and inflammation. Targeting inflammation and oxidative stress offers a promising means of slowing PD progression. Taurine, a naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid, has demonstrated potent antioxidant properties, thereby preventing cell death.

Co-regulation of Nr1d1 and Pparα in age-related changes of lipid metabolism and its modulation by calorie restriction.

Aging is associated with a decline in liver function, which increases the risk of age-related metabolic disorders. Calorie restriction (CR) counteracts age-related changes in the liver; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we integrated transcriptomic, bioinformatic, and molecular analyses to investigate the effects of aging and CR on age-related gene expression in the rat liver, focusing on the interplay between the circadian rhythm and lipid metabolism.

Metabolomics study by metabolite profiling analysis in kidney and liver of calorie-restricted aging rats using GC-MS/MS.

Aging leads to deterioration of the liver and kidney. Metabolic research on aging organs, including liver and kidney and metabolic studies of caloric restriction (CR), which delay aging and extends lifespan, are not well understood. In this study, we monitored metabolic changes associated with aging and explored potential biomarkers in kidney and liver of young (Y, 8 months), old (O, 23 months), and old calorie-restricted (OCR, 23 months) rats by metabolic profiling of organic acids (OA), free fatty acids (FFA), amino acids (AA) using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Design and Synthesis of Novel 6-(Substituted phenyl)-[1,3]dioxolo[4',5':4,5]benzo[1,2-]thiazole Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Vivo Insights.

The 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group is commonly present in the chemical structures of potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Based on this observation, a series of 6-(substituted phenyl)-[1,3]dioxolo[4',5':4,5]benzo[1,2-]thiazole compounds - were designed and synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Among these, compounds and strongly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity.

Preventive effect of a garlic compound on astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss and resultant severe motor dysfunction. While current treatments primarily focus on maintaining dopamine levels, effective targeting of neuroinflammation, an important driver of disease progression, remains an unmet need. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of BMDA (BMDA(N-benzyl-N-methyldecan-1-amine)), a natural compound derived from garlic with strong anti-inflammatory properties, using an MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced mouse model of PD.

Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Melanogenic, and Antioxidant Activities of Novel -3-Benzyl-5-Benzylidene-2-Thioxothiazolidin-4-One Analogs.

To discover novel anti-melanogenic compounds with tyrosinase inhibitory activity, -3-benzyl-5-benzylidene-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (-BBTT) analogs -, designed based on the hybrid structure of a β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl motif and a 3-benzyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one scaffold, were synthesized as novel tyrosinase inhibitors. Of the 12 analogs, 2 ( and ) showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity similar to that of kojic acid, a representative tyrosinase inhibitor, and 3 analogs (-) exhibited mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity that was more potent than that of kojic acid. In particular, analog revealed highly potent inhibition with an IC value of 90 nM, which was 214 times lower than that of kojic acid (IC value = 19.

Gender Differences in Adenine Diet-Induced Kidney Toxicity: The Impact of 17β-Estradiol on Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves ongoing impairment of kidney function and structural changes. Previous studies indicated that males have a substantially higher prevalence of CKD than those observed in females. Here, we compared the gender differences in CKD development by comparing age-matched male and female mice subjected to a 0.

Design, Synthesis, and Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of ()-5-Benzylidene-2-(naphthalen-1-ylamino)thiazol-4(5)-one Analogs: In Vitro and In Vivo Insights.

Fifteen compounds (-) constructed on a hybrid structure combining a β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl template and a 2-aminothiazol-4(5)-one scaffold were designed and synthesized as potential novel anti-tyrosinase substances. Two compounds ( and ) showed more potent inhibition against mushroom tyrosinase than kojic acid, and the inhibitory activity of (IC value: 1.60 μM) was 11 times stronger than that of kojic acid.

Identification of Bioactive Compounds from the Roots of and Their In Silico and In Vitro AMPK Activation Potential.

Libosch., which belongs to the Orobanchaceae family, is a perennial herb found in China, Japan, and Korea. In traditional medicine, it is used to cool the body, improve water metabolism in the kidney, and provide protection from metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.

Identification of New Polyacetylenes from with PPAR-α Activity Study.

Leveille is a traditional medicine used to treat migraine headache and dysmenorrhea. In this study, three polyacetylenes, methyl (10,9,16)-16-acetoxy-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,17-dien-12,14-diynoate (), methyl (10,9,16)-9,16-dihydroxyoctadeca-10-en-12,14-diynoate (), and methyl (10,9,16)-9,16-dihydroxyoctadeca-10,17-dien-12,14-diynoate (), were isolated from the aerial parts of . , together with seven known compounds (-).

Assessment of the neurotoxicity of monosodium glutamate on neural stem cells and hippocampal neurogenesis in a rodent model.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used flavor enhancer in processed foods and valued for its ability to enhance the savory taste known as umami. MSG is classified as non-toxic and recognized as a safe food additive with no specific usage restrictions in many countries. However, neurotoxic studies on MSG have primarily focused on neurons, and the effects of MSG on neural stem cells (NSCs) have not been reported.

Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Melanogenic Activity of 2-Mercaptomethylbenzo[]imidazole Derivatives Serving as Tyrosinase Inhibitors: An In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Exploration.

2-Mercaptomethylbenzo[]imidazole (2-MMBI) derivatives were designed and synthesized as tyrosinase (TYR) chelators using 2-mercaptomethylimidazole scaffolds. Seven of the ten 2-MMBI derivatives exhibited stronger inhibition of mushroom TYR activity than kojic acid. Their ability to chelate copper ions was demonstrated through experiments using the copper chelator pyrocatechol violet and assays measuring TYR activity in the presence or absence of exogenous CuSO.

Effects of high-fat diet on folic acid-induced kidney injury in mice.

Obesity is recognized as a significant contributor to the onset of kidney disease. However, the key processes involved in the development of kidney disease in obese individuals are not well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on folic acid (FA)-induced kidney injury in mice.

Exploring 2-mercapto--arylacetamide analogs as promising anti-melanogenic agents: and evaluation.

Based on the hypothesis that the 2-mercaptoacetamide moiety chelates the copper ions of tyrosinase, 2-mercapto--arylacetamide (2-MAA) analogs were designed and synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Four 2-MAA analogs showed low IC values ranging from 0.95 to 2.

Aged Brain Metabolomics Study by Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Amino Acids, Organic Acids, and Fatty Acids in Cortex, Cerebellum, Hypothalamus, and Hippocampus of Rats.

Background: Aging is a progressive process characterized by weakness in brain function. Although metabolomics studies on the brain related with aging have been conducted, it is not yet fully understood. A systematic metabolomics study was performed to search for biomarkers and monitor altered metabolism in various brain tissues of the cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus of young (8 months old) and old rats (22 months old).

Design, synthesis, and anti-melanogenic efficacy of 2-mercaptobenzoxazoles with nanomolar tyrosinase activity inhibition.

Tyrosinase is a metalloenzyme that contains copper(II) ions. We designed and synthesized eight known low-molecular-weight 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (2-MBO) analogs as tyrosinase inhibitors. Our focus was on the mercapto functional group, which interacts with copper ions.