Additive-Regulated Interface Chemistry Enables Depolarization for Ultra-High Capacity LiCoO.

Unlocking the capacity potential of mainstream LiCoO (LCO) cathode materials for stable cycling at a high upper cut-off voltage is undoubtedly one of the most economical approaches to achieving high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, significant polarization issues induced by interfacial and interphase degradation during high-voltage cycling remain well known. This study demonstrates the efficient depolarization effects of cyclic organosiloxane additive 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (V4D4) at the cathode-electrolyte interface, facilitating interfacial charge transfer and enhancing the capacity of LCO||Li cells to 220 mA h g even at 4.

Practical Evaluation of Presodiation Techniques for High Energy Sodium-Based Batteries.

Low-cost rechargeable sodium-based batteries are regarded as ideal alternatives to replace or complement current lithium-ion batteries in large-scale energy storage applications. Unfortunately, the commercial implementation of sodium-based batteries is restricted by their unsatisfied energy density, severe initial capacity decay, and discontented cycle life. Presodiation techniques including anode pretreatment and cathode additives are widely suggested to alleviate the above problems by providing an extra sodium resource to compensate for the initial capacity loss.

Ionic Liquid Reinforcing Ether Coordination of Localized High Concentration Electrolyte Enables High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries.

The decomposition of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) in localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) under high voltage produces fragile and unstable organic fragments at the cathode/electrolyte interphase, which greatly damages the cycling performance of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries. Herein, a robust strategy is proposed by adding ionic liquid of 1-Methyl-1-propyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PyrTFSI) as co-solvent into the bulk electrolyte to significantly improve the stability of solvated DME through reinforcing the ion-dipole interaction between TFSI and DME. The PyrTFSI can balance the interaction among the electrolyte components to reduce the dynamic de-coordinated DME molecules and promote the formation of anion-derived cathode electrolyte interphase with excellent electrochemical stability and high Li transport dynamics.

Anion Adsorption at the Inner-Helmholtz Plane Directs Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Formation.

Constructing a stable cathode-electrolyte-interphase (CEI) on cathode surface constitutes the foundation of realizing high-voltage Li-ion batteries, yet its formation, a highly heterogeneous process involving irreversible reactions between electrolyte components and cathode materials, remains poorly understood. Herein, combining multiple in situ/operando interfacial characterization techniques, we establish the correlation between interfacial structure and interphasial chemistry, and reveal the key role played by adsorptive behavior of various electrolyte components in the inner-Helmholtz plane during CEI formation. Quartz crystal microbalance equipped with dissipation modification detects that difluorooxalatoborate (DFOB) anion preferentially adsorbed on LiCoO tends to expel carbonate solvents from the adsorption layer, thus suppressing their electrochemical decomposition at high voltages and leading to a more compact CEI derived from anions with limited contribution from organic ingredients.

Tip-of-the-pen states in Mandarin handwriting: The effect of brief non-target language exposure.

The tip-of-the-pen (TOP) is a phenomenon in which individuals fail to completely retrieve the orthographic information of a known character, and mainly occurs in Mandarin (a non-alphabetic language in which the orthography is largely independent of the phonology). The present study examined whether and how long-term language experience and brief exposure to non-target language affected TOP rates in Mandarin handwriting. In Experiment 1, high and low proficiency Mandarin-English bilinguals completed a Mandarin character dictation task before and after watching a short English movie.

The cross-script cognate effect in spoken and written second language production: A study based on Chinese-English bilinguals.

Previous studies using cognates with the same writing system have found cognate facilitation effect in the lexical processes of spoken and typewritten productions and cognate interference effect in the sub-lexical process of typewritten production. This study focused on cross-script cognates, Chinese-English, which have different writing systems, and explored cognate effects based on the input and output modalities by using a Chinese-English translation task. Experiment 1 was under visual input modality and investigated the cross-script cognate effect in all three output modalities: spoken, typewritten and handwritten.

Constructing Matching Cathode-Anode Interphases with Improved Chemo-mechanical Stability for High-Energy Batteries.

Coupling Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes with Si-based anodes is one of the most promising strategies to realize high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. However, unstable interfaces on both cathode and anode sides cause continuous parasitic reactions, resulting in structural degradation and capacity fading of full cells. Herein, lithium tetrafluoro(oxalato) phosphate is synthesized and applied as a multifunctional electrolyte additive to mitigate irreversible volume swing of the SiO anode and suppress undesirable interfacial evolution of the LiNiCoMnO (NCM) cathode simultaneously, resulting in improved cycle life.

The Effects of Cognitive Control on the Subcomponents of Language Control in Spoken and Written Productions.

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate whether and how the subcomponents of language control during spoken and written productions were modulated by cognitive control.

Method: In the current study, unbalanced Chinese-English bilinguals were recruited from a convenience sample at a university to complete the cued language naming task in spoken production and written production, which measured the local language control (as indexed by language switch costs) and the global language control (as indexed by language mixing costs and reversed language dominance effect). In addition, all the participants performed the Simon task, which measured their general inhibitory control ability by calculating the Simon effect, and performed the AX-CPT task to measure their reactive/proactive control preference by calculating their BSI score.

Research Progress and Hotspot Evolution Analysis of Landscape Microclimate: Visual Analysis Based on CNKI and WOS.

With the increasing requirements of healthy habitat environments, landscape microclimates have been widely concerned. To comprehensively grasp the development history and research status of the landscape microclimates in China and other countries, CiteSpace software was used to comparatively analyze and visually present the literature related to landscape microclimates in CNKI and WOS databases for the past 20 years. The results show that: (1) The number of publications on landscape microclimate research shows an increasing trend in China and other countries, and the number of publications increased significantly after 2016.

Study on the Microclimate Effect of Water Body Layout Factors on Campus Squares.

Quantifying the water layout factors in a campus square helps to lay out water bodies more scientifically and utilize the microclimate effect to alleviate the heat and humidity of campus squares in summer. The West Gate Square of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University in China has been used as the primary theoretical model, and the landscape pattern index from landscape ecology has been used to quantify the scale, shape, and dispersion of water bodies. Consider the typical weather, the summer solstice, as the experiment time.

Quantitatively analyzing the failure processes of rechargeable Li metal batteries.

Practical use of lithium (Li) metal for high–energy density lithium metal batteries has been prevented by the continuous formation of Li dendrites, electrochemically isolated Li metal, and the irreversible formation of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs). Differentiating and quantifying these inactive Li species are key to understand the failure mode. Here, using operando nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy together with ex situ titration gas chromatography (TGC) and mass spectrometry titration (MST) techniques, we established a solid foundation for quantifying the evolution of dead Li metal and SEI separately.

Visualizing the growth process of sodium microstructures in sodium batteries by in-situ Na MRI and NMR spectroscopy.

The growth of sodium dendrites and the associated solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer is a critical and fundamental issue influencing the safety and cycling lifespan of sodium batteries. In this work, we use in-situ Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, along with an innovative analytical approach, to provide space-resolved and quantitative insights into the formation and evolution of sodium metal microstructures (SMSs; that is, dendritic and mossy Na metal) during the deposition and stripping processes. Our results reveal that the growing SMSs give rise to a linear increase in the overpotential until a transition voltage of 0.

High-Efficiency Lithium Metal Anode Enabled by a Concentrated/Fluorinated Ester Electrolyte.

Lithium (Li) metal anode (LMA) has received growing attention due to its highest theoretical capacity (3860 mA h g) and lowest redox potential (-3.04 V versus standard hydrogen electrode). However, practical application of LMA is obstructed by the detrimental side reactions between Li metal and organic electrolytes, especially when cycled in traditional carbonate ester electrolytes.

Scalable Engineering of Bulk Porous Si Anodes for High Initial Efficiency and High-Areal-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Nano-Si has been long-hampered in its use for practical lithium battery anodes due to its intrinsic high surface area. To improve the Coulombic efficiency and areal mass loading, we extend the starting materials from nano-Si to photovoltaic waste Si powders (∼1.5 μm).

Insights into the Electrochemical Reaction Mechanism of a Novel Cathode Material CuNi(PO)/C for Li-Ion Batteries.

In this work, we first report the composite of CuNi(PO)/C (CNP/C) can be employed as the high-capacity conversion-type cathode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIBs), delivering a reversible capacity as high as 306 mA h g at a current density of 20 mA g. Furthermore, CNP/C also presents good rate performance and reasonable cycling stability based on a nontraditional conversion reaction mode. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterizations show that CNP is reduced to form Cu/Ni and LiPO during the discharging process, which is reversed in the following charging process, demonstrating that a reversible conversion reaction mechanism occurs.

Exploring Highly Reversible 1.5-Electron Reactions (V/V/V) in NaVCr(PO) Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

The development of highly reversible multielectron reaction per redox center in sodium super ionic conductor-structured cathode materials is desired to improve the energy density of sodium-ion batteries. Here, we investigated more than one-electron storage of Na in NaVCr(PO). Combining a series of advanced characterization techniques such as ex situ V solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray absorption near-edge structure, and in situ X-ray diffraction, we reveal that V/V and V/V redox couples in the materials can be accessed, leading to a 1.