Multi-centre Investigation of Cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Healthy Volunteers by SCMR Cardiac Diffusion Special Interest Group NETwork (SIGNET).

Background: Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) is an emerging technique for microstructural characterization of the heart and has shown clinical potential in a range of cardiomyopathies. However, there is substantial variation reported for in vivo cDTI results across the literature, and sensitivity of cDTI to differences in imaging sites, scanners, acquisition protocols and post-processing methods remains incompletely understood.

Methods: SIGNET is a prospective multi-centre, observational study in travelling and non-travelling healthy volunteers.

Evaluation of a rare known anatomic formation: Parinaud's canal.

Parinaud's canal (PC) is a structure located on the processus frontalis ossis maxilla. During the growth period, the shape of the nasal septum and the presence of nasal septal deviation (NSD) may affect facial morphological parameters. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of PC and the effect of the NSD on facial morphological parameters.

G-quadruplexes are promoter elements controlling nucleosome exclusion and RNA polymerase II pausing.

Despite their central role in transcription, it has been difficult to define universal sequences associated with eukaryotic promoters. Within the chromatin context, recruitment of transcriptional machinery requires promoter opening, but how DNA elements contribute to this process is unclear. Here we show that G-quadruplex (G4) secondary DNA structures are highly enriched at mammalian promoters.

Are Inflammatory Markers and Periodontitis Effective in Predicting Miscarriage?

Miscarriage is a common pregnancy complication that significantly impacts individuals' health due to its physical and psychological effects. This study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal health and hematological parameters in women who experienced miscarriage before the 20th week of gestation, and to assess the potential predictive value of these parameters for miscarriage risk by comparing them with those of women with an uncomplicated pregnancy course. This study was a prospective case-control and cross-sectional study.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of dens invaginatus in panoramic radiographs.

Objective: The aim of this study was to automatically detect teeth with dens invaginatus (DI) in panoramic radiographs using deep learning algorithms and to compare the success of the algorithms.

Materials And Methods: For this purpose, 400 panoramic radiographs with DI were collected from the faculty database and separated into 60% training, 20% validation and 20% test images. The training and validation images were labeled by oral, dental and maxillofacial radiologists and augmented with various augmentation methods, and the improved models were asked for the images allocated for the test phase and the results were evaluated according to performance measures including accuracy, sensitivity, F1 score and mean detection time.

Root and canal configurations of maxillary first premolars in 22 countries using two classification systems: a multinational cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to evaluate the root and root canal morphology of maxillary first premolars (M1Ps) globally using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), comparing results with Vertucci's and Ahmed et al.'s classification systems. CBCT images were obtained for various purposes such as orthodontic treatment planning, tooth impaction, implant surgery, and trauma cases.

Targeting transcription-replication conflicts using G-quadruplexes stabilizers in multiple myeloma.

Replication stress exerts an important role in fueling genomic instability characterizing multiple myeloma (MM) evolution and is a leading cause of drug resistance. Normal and malignant plasma cells (PCs) are associated with a high transcriptional stress due to the huge production of immunoglobulins. Transcription-replication conflicts (TRCs), arising from collisions between replication and transcription machineries, can promote tumor progression and represent an Achilles' heel to cancer cells.

What are the radiographic prevalence and anatomical patterns of maxillary sinus septa in a Turkish cohort?

Background: The maxillary sinus may contain cortical bony partitions, called Underwood's septae, which protrude into the sinus cavity and can subdivide it into multiple compartments. These structures are often shaped like inverted gothic arches and may be overlooked on routine imaging. However, their presence can significantly affect surgical access and outcomes, particularly in posterior maxilla procedures.

Real-time segmentation and detection of ponticulus posticus in lateral cephalometric radiographs using YOLOv8: a step towards enhanced clinical evaluation.

Objectives: Ponticulus posticus (PP) is a bony structure in the cervical spine, often difficult to identify in radiographic images, and its detection is important for both orthodontic diagnosis and clinical decision-making related to craniovertebral pathologies. The purpose of this study is to develop a deep learning-based approach for detecting the PP in lateral cephalometric radiographs using the YOLOv8-seg model.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed a dataset of 1000 anonymized lateral cephalometric radiographs, focusing on the segmentation and detection of the PP.

Multinational cross-sectional study and meta-analysis on radicular grooves, C-shaped canals, and taurodontism in mandibular first premolars across 20 countries.

The success of root canal therapy is fully predicated upon a complete understanding of root and canal morphology and all the anatomical variations that can complicate the endodontic treatment. Of these morphological variations, taurodontism, RGs, and C-shaped canals are of note due to their implications on diagnosis, treatment planning, and endodontic success. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and regional variations of C-shaped canals, RGs, and taurodontism across 20 countries using CBCT imaging and meta-analytic methods.

Quantitative analysis of masseter muscle by ultrasonography according to different occlusion types using Eichner classification in Turkish subpopulation.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different occlusion types based on the Eichner classification index on the quantitative features of the masseter muscle by using USG and to evaluate whether these features differ according to age and gender in Turkish subpopulation.

Methods: The thickness and elasticity values of the masseter muscle were performed. Images were acquired bilaterally in the resting position and maximum intercuspidation.

Evaluation of growth and development period according to spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages in cone-beam computed tomography with ImageJ program.

Spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is an important growth area in the craniofacial skeleton. It has been explored in research relate to age assessment and forensic medicine due to its closure in the postnatal period. The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth and development period of SOS on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with pseudo-color imaging depend on fusion stages.

Comparison of Obese and Nonobese Children and Adolescents Regarding Trabeculation and Cortex of the Mandibular Jaw Bone.

Background: Considering the frequency of dental visits among obese individuals, understanding the effects of obesity on bone is crucial for orthodontic and surgical planning.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate potential alterations in mandibular jaw bone trabeculation and cortical bone in obese children and adolescents through fractal analysis (FA) and radiomorphometric indices.

Settings And Design: This retrospective case-control study reviewed data from pediatric dental patients treated at a university faculty.

The Effect of the Maxillary Sinus Volume on the Morphology and Angulation of the Infraorbital Canal in Relation to Age and Gender.

Background: Although the infraorbital canal (IOC) and maxillary sinus (MS) have been well studied, understanding the effect of MS volume (MSV) on IOC morphology is critical in determining the safest surgical route for infraorbital depression and transmaxillary procedures.

Objectives: We aimed to describe the IOC types, measure the MSV and IOC angles (IOCA) in all three planes, and analyse the relationship between them using three-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Methods: CBCT images of 280 patients were analysed to identify the IOC types and accessory IOC (IOCa), and to measure morphometric parameters.

Targeting a Novel Site in Exon 51 with Antisense Oligonucleotides Induces Enhanced Exon Skipping in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Exon skipping with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can correct disease-causing mutations of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) through RNA-targeted splice correction. This correction restores the reading frame and supports expression of near full-length dystrophin. First-generation exon 51-skipping ASOs targeted the same binding site, with limited clinical efficacy.

Ultrasound Assessment of Muscle and Fascia Properties and the Effects of Spasticity and Botulinum Toxin Injections on Spastic Muscles in Chronic Stroke Survivors.

Objective: The aim of the study was to objectively quantify changes in muscle properties in chronic stroke survivors and the effects of spasticity and botulinum toxin injections on muscle properties using ultrasonography.

Design: In this cross-sectional observational study, 24 stroke subjects with history of botulinum toxin injections to biceps brachii muscles but without botulinum toxin injections to the triceps were included.

Results: Twelve subjects had spastic triceps, and the other half did not.

Evaluation of root and root canal morphology of mandibular and maxillary canine teeth in Turkish subpopulation by cone beam computed tomography with using two classification systems.

Background: Knowledge of root and canal morphology is a prerequisite for effective nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatments. The aim of this cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent canines in a Turkish subpopulation using two classification systems.

Methods: A total of 2,000 canine teeth were examined.

Dendritome Mapping Unveils Spatial Organization of Striatal D1/D2-Neuron Morphology.

Morphology is a cardinal feature of a neuron that mediates its functions, but profiling neuronal morphologies at scale remains a formidable challenge. Here we describe a generalizable pipeline for large-scale brainwide study of dendritic morphology of genetically-defined single neurons in the mouse brain. We generated a dataset of 3,762 3D-reconstructed and reference-atlas mapped striatal D1- and D2- medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

Root canal morphology of mandibular anterior permanent teeth in Turkish sub-population using two classification systems: a cone-beam computed tomography study.

This study examined the root and canal morphology of mandibular anterior teeth (MA) in the Turkish sub-population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), comparing the findings based on Vertucci's and Ahmed et al. classification systems. The CBCT images were acquired using the 3D Accuitomo CBCT device.

Evaluation of mandibular trabecular bone by fractal analysis in pediatric patients with hypodontia of the mandibular second premolar tooth.

Background: It is still unclear whether the trabecular structure of the jaw is different in individuals with hypodontia than in those without hypodontia; this is important for clinicians. The aim was to determine whether the mandibular trabecular bone structure of children and adolescents with hypodontia differs from the control group by using the fractal analysis (FA) method in this study.

Methods: A total of 138 panoramic radiographs of 69 cases and 69 control subjects (mean age 13.

Automatic deep learning detection of overhanging restorations in bitewing radiographs.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms for the detecting and segmentation of overhanging dental restorations in bitewing radiographs.

Methods: A total of 1160 anonymized bitewing radiographs were used to progress the artificial intelligence (AI) system for the detection and segmentation of overhanging restorations. The data were then divided into three groups: 80% for training (930 images, 2399 labels), 10% for validation (115 images, 273 labels), and 10% for testing (115 images, 306 labels).

Gossamer: Scaling Image Processing and Reconstruction to Whole Brains.

Neuronal reconstruction-a process that transforms image volumes into 3D geometries and skeletons of cells- bottlenecks the study of brain function, connectomics and pathology. Domain scientists need and segmentations to study subtle topological differences. Existing methods are diskbound, dense-access, coupled, single-threaded, algorithmically unscalable and require manual cropping of small windows and proofreading of skeletons due to low topological accuracy.

Evaluation of Jaw Bone Change in Children and Adolescents with Rheumatic Heart Disease by Fractal Analysis.

Background: Recognizing the oral needs of people living with rheumatic heart disease (RHD), particularly in relation to their jaws, is of paramount importance.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate potential jaw bone changes in children and adolescents diagnosed with RHD and compare them with a group of healthy children and adolescents.

Methods And Material: The dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of 32 children and adolescents diagnosed with RHD comprised the case group.

Antibody response to enterotoxigenic of Filipino colorectal cancer patients.

Background: Several species of the gut microbiota have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The anaerobic bacterium enterotoxigenic (ETBF), has been identified to produce fragilysin, a toxin known to cleave E-cadherin, thereby leading to carcinogenesis.

Objective: To determine the antibody response of CRC patients against ETBF to ascertain whether significant difference exists or whether antibody response is related to tumor grade and tumor stage.