Fecal microbiota transplantation for decolonization from multidrug-resistant bacteria in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a retrospective real-word data study.

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Sedation in endoscopy: Current practices and future innovations.

Sedation practices in gastrointestinal endoscopy have evolved considerably, driven by patient demand for comfort and the need to minimize cardiopulmonary complications. Recent guidelines emphasize personalized sedation strategies, risk assessment, and vigilant hemodynamic monitoring to ensure that sedation depth aligns with each patient's comorbidities and procedural requirements. Within this landscape, the trial by Luo highlights the value of adding etomidate to propofol target-controlled infusion, demonstrating significantly reduced hypotension, faster induction, and fewer respiratory complications in typical American Society of Anesthesiologists I-III candidates.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Pancreatic Cystic Fluid Biochemical and Genetic Analysis for the Differentiation Between Mucinous and Non-Mucinous Pancreatic Cystic Lesions.

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are increasingly identified via computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR), with a prevalence of 2-45%. Distinguishing mucinous PCLs (M-PCLs), which include intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) that can progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, from non-mucinous PCLs (NM-PCLs) is essential. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) remains widely used but often demonstrates limited sensitivity and specificity.

Multistrain Probiotics Plus Vitamin D Improve Gut Barrier Function and Gut Microbiota Composition in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Without Constipation: Results from a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: The disruption of the intestinal barrier and the imbalance of the gut microbiota (GM) seem to play a major role in the complex pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Specific microbial strains could improve the gut microenvironment, promoting anti-inflammatory pathways; similarly, vitamin D supplementation could play a role in enhancing the barrier integrity and modulating the immune response in the gut. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a new multistrain probiotic, combined with vitamin D, in improving gut barrier function in IBS without constipation.

The Role of Microbiota in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers.

The gut microbiota significantly impacts the development and progression of upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal and gastric cancers. Microbial dysbiosis contributes to carcinogenesis through mechanisms such as inflammation, immune modulation, and direct DNA damage. Techniques for sampling oral, esophageal, and gastric microbiota vary, with standardization being essential for reliable results.

Psychological and Clinical Factors Mediate Post-COVID-19 Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Background: Exposure to COVID-19 has been shown previously to be associated with a higher risk for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to better explain this relationship using mediation analysis.

Methods: This post hoc analysis of a multicenter cohort study includes 623 patients with and without COVID-19 infection.

Therapeutic Role of Probiotics for the Treatment of Dyspepsia: A Review of the Literature.

Background: Dyspepsia is a common condition with a high prevalence in the general population. Patients in whom traditional diagnostic procedures can detect no identifiable explanation for the symptoms are diagnosed as being affected by functional dyspepsia (FD). To date, no etiological therapy for FD is available, and the current management includes general measures, acid-suppressive drugs, prokinetic agents, fundus-relaxing drugs, antidepressants, and psychological interventions.

Advances in Endo-Hepatology: The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Management of Portal Hypertension.

Portal hypertension (PH) is a complication of advanced liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, often leading to unfavorable outcomes. Endo-hepatology, particularly endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has revolutionized the assessment of PH. Notably, EUS-guided portal pressure gradient (EUS-PPG) enables measurement of portal and hepatic venous pressures, offering diagnostic precision for both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic forms of PH, including porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD).

Abdominal and Bowel Ultrasound Knowledge Among Young Gastroenterologists: Results of an Italian Survey.

: The diagnostic accuracy of abdominal ultrasound (US) is operator-dependent and, therefore, influenced by inadequate training and lack of continuous medical education. To fill this gap, the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) has developed guidelines to identify minimum training requirements for US. The aim of our survey was to assess the self-reported overall US education level among young Italian gastroenterologists.

Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Among Gastroenterologists in Italy: A National Survey.

: An extensive body of evidence regarding artificial intelligence (AI) in gastroenterology is currently available, but the transition of these technologies to the bedside is still in progress. This national survey aims to assess the perceptions of AI among gastroenterologists in Italy. : A total of 320 Italian gastroenterologists and trainees in gastroenterology were invited to answer a web-based survey.

Diagnostic accuracy of liver stiffness measurement for the diagnosis of veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the ELASTOVOD STUDY: an investigator-initiated, prospective, multicentre diagnostic clinical trial.

Hepatic Veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) is a severe complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), traditionally diagnosed based on clinical criteria. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) as a non-invasive tool for non invasive diagnosis of VOD/SOS. A multicentre clinical trial was conducted in Italy from April 2018 to December 2021, screening 1089 patients across 25 centers.

Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of gut-brain interaction, with a multifactorial pathophysiology involving gut-brain axis dysregulation, visceral hypersensitivity, microbiota imbalance, and immune dysfunction. Traditional IBS management emphasizes dietary modifications and pharmacologic therapies. However, increasing attention has been directed toward functional foods, nutraceuticals, and herbal remedies due to their potential to target IBS pathophysiological mechanisms with favorable safety profiles.

A Probiotic Mixture of LR 32, BL 04, and BB 536 Counteracts the Increase in Permeability Induced by the Mucosal Mediators of Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Acting on Zonula Occludens 1.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut- brain interaction characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits. The therapeutic options for IBS patients include the use of probiotics. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a multi-strain probiotic made up by LR 32, BL 04, and BB 536 (Serobioma, Bromatech s.

Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction: Incidence, Symptom Burden, and Psychological Comorbidities.

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has highlighted the potential exacerbation of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs). However, the distinct symptom trajectories and psychological burden in patients with post-COVID-19 DGBIs compared with patients with pre-existing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)/functional dyspepsia (FD) and non-DGBI controls remain poorly understood.

Objectives: To examine the long-term gastrointestinal symptom progression and psychological comorbidities in patients with post-COVID-19 DGBI, patients with pre-existing IBS/FD and non-DGBI controls.

Look inside the management of colonic diverticular rebleeding: a systematic review.

Background: Colonic diverticular bleeding is the most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in adults and carries a significant risk of recurrence. However, there are many uncertainties regarding the management of the prevention of diverticular rebleeding.

Objectives: To review the current evidence on the potential role of lifestyle, pharmacological and endoscopic treatments and to discuss the unmet needs in the prevention of colonic diverticular rebleeding.

Fecal microbiota transplantation for infection in a peritoneal dialysis patient: A case report.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be associated with dysbiosis which may increase the risk of gastrointestinal infections. Patients with kidney failure have a predominance of bacteria responsible for the exacerbation of chronic inflammation through the production of ureases, uricase, and uremic toxins and a reduction of bacteria-producing protective molecules as short-chain fatty acids. Patients with CKD have an increased risk of infection.

Guidance for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Trials in Ulcerative Colitis: The Second ROME Consensus Conference.

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is emerging as a potential treatment modality for individuals living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite its promise, the effectiveness of FMT for treating IBD, particularly for ulcerative colitis (UC), still requires thorough clinical investigation. Notwithstanding differences in methodologies, current studies demonstrate its potential for inducing remission in UC patients.

Comparative efficacy of different techniques for colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced technique that can provide successful 'en-bloc' and R0 resection rate for large gastrointestinal lesions. To date, several ESD techniques have been proposed, but their comparative efficacy is still unclear.

Methods: Major databases were systematically searched for RCTs comparing the efficacy and safety of different ESD techniques for the resection of colonic lesions.

Long-term Prognosis of Nonceliac Enteropathies and a Score to Identify Patients With Poor Outcomes: A 30-year Multicenter Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: Long-term prognosis of nonceliac enteropathies (NCEs) is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes and develop a prognostic score for NCEs.

Methods: NCEs patients from an international multicenter cohort (4 Italian centers, 1 United Kingdom, 1 French, 1 Norwegian, 1 United States, 1 Indian) followed-up over 30 years were enrolled.

(CECT7484 and CECT7485) and (CECT7483) enhance actin cytoskeleton and CYP1A1 expression restoring epithelial permeability alterations induced by irritable bowel syndrome mediators.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial condition with heterogeneous pathophysiology, including intestinal permeability alterations. The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of a probiotic blend (PB) consisting of two strains (CECT7484 and CECT7485) and one strain of (CECT7483) to recover the permeability increase induced by mediators from IBS mucosal biopsies and to highlight the underlying molecular mechanisms. Twenty-one IBS patients diagnosed according to ROME IV criteria (11 IBS-D and 10 IBS-M) and 7 healthy controls were enrolled.

Intracystic Glucose Measurement for On-Site Differentiation Between Mucinous and Non-Mucinous Pancreatic Cystic Lesions.

Background: Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are frequently detected incidentally and vary from benign to malignant. Accurate differentiation between mucinous (M-PCLs) and non-mucinous PCLs (NM-PCLs) is essential for appropriate management. This study aims to validate the accuracy of on-site glucose measurement using a glucometer with a cut-off of 50 mg/dL for distinguishing M-PCLs from NM-PCLs.