Comparative risk of high-risk neoplasia after polypectomy among individuals aged below 50 years versus 50 years and older.

Background: Limited evidence supports colonoscopy surveillance practices among individuals aged <50 years.

Objective: To compare the risk of polyp recurrence and colorectal cancer (CRC) among young and old adults after polypectomy.

Design: We prospectively examined the risk of metachronous high-risk neoplasia, including high-risk adenoma, high-risk serrated polyp (SP) and CRC, according to index colonoscopy findings among individuals aged <50 years and ≥50 years who had received ≥1 follow-up colonoscopy in the Mass General Brigham Colonoscopy Cohort (2007-2023).

Lifestyle Change After Initial Colonoscopy Screening and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer and Major Chronic Diseases.

Introduction: The impact of lifestyle changes after colorectal cancer (CRC) screening on risk of CRC and major chronic diseases remains unknown.

Methods: Leveraging the repeatedly collected dietary, lifestyle, and screening data in the Nurses' Health Study (1988-2018), Nurses' Health Study II (1993-2019) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1988-2016), we assessed changes after initial colonoscopy screening in a healthy lifestyle score (0-5) based on smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, and diet. We used time-varying multivariable Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incidence of CRC and major chronic diseases (including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes), among 118,396 and 88,558 individuals, respectively.

Enhancing Surgical Safety and Efficiency: Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis of Surgical Data Recorders.

Background: Recently, surgical data recorders that are comparable to flight data recorders, also known as black boxes in the aviation industry, have been developed to improve patient safety and performance in surgery. These devices allow for unique insights in the operating room by providing new data capture capabilities. No systematic review has been carried out to evaluate the areas of application of surgical data recorders to date.

Traditional Serrated Adenomas Associated With Risk of Subsequent High-Risk Polyps and Colorectal Cancer.

Introduction: Traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) is a rare yet established precursor to colorectal cancer (CRC). The risk of colorectal neoplasia after TSA removal remains unclear.

Methods: We identified participants without polyps or with TSAs during index colonoscopy from the Mass General Brigham Colonoscopy Cohort (2007-2023).

Reconstruction of a Large Perineal Defect After Radical Oncological Pelvic Exenteration in a Patient With Anal Cancer: An Interdisciplinary Approach and Literature Review.

Introduction: Recurrent anal cancer (AC) often requires surgical intervention, especially when large perineal defects must be reconstructed. These cases are complicated by poor tissue vascularity and comorbid conditions such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Methods: We report the case of a 64-year-old male with PAD and recurrent AC, presenting with a large perineal defect following radical pelvic exenteration.

Challenges and adaptations in pancreatic cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in a high-volume center.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected healthcare systems worldwide, disrupting elective surgeries including those for cancer treatment. This study examines the effects of the pandemic on outcomes of pancreatic cancer surgeries at a specialized high-volume surgery center.

Materials And Methods: This study compared surgical volume and outcomes of pancreas resections between the pre-pandemic (January 2019 to February 2020), early pandemic (March 2020 to January 2021), and late pandemic (February 2021 to December 2021) periods.

Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality After Negative Colonoscopy Screening Results.

Importance: The current recommendation for a 10-year rescreening interval after a negative colonoscopy screening (NCS) result has been questioned, with some studies showing a persistently lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) after NCS results.

Objective: To examine long-term CRC incidence and mortality after NCS results (ie, no presence of CRC or polyps) and according to a risk score based on major demographic and lifestyle risk factors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, 3 prospective US population-based cohorts from the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study were followed up from 1988 and 1991 to 2020.

A validated estimate of visceral adipose tissue volume in relation to cancer risk.

Background: Despite the recognized role of visceral adipose tissue in carcinogenesis, its independent association with cancer risk beyond traditional obesity measures remains unknown because of limited availability of imaging data.

Methods: We developed an estimation equation for visceral adipose tissue volume using elastic net regression based on demographic and anthropometric data in a subcohort of participants in the UK Biobank (UKB; n = 23 148) with abdominal magnetic resonance imaging scans. This equation was externally validated in 2713 participants from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey according to sex, age, and race groups.

Risk of colorectal neoplasia after removal of conventional adenomas and serrated polyps: a comprehensive evaluation of risk factors and surveillance use.

Background: Surveillance colonoscopy after polyp removal is recommended to prevent subsequent colorectal cancer (CRC). It is known that advanced adenomas have a substantially higher risk than non-advanced ones, but optimal intervals for surveillance remain unclear.

Design: We prospectively followed 156 699 participants who had undergone a colonoscopy from 2007 to 2017 in a large integrated healthcare system.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Brain Metastases.

Objective: Brain metastases significantly impact the clinical course of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to examine the age-related incidence, demographics, and survival of patients with HCC and brain metastases.

Methods: Data of HCC patients from 2010 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Registry were screened for the presence of brain metastases.

Post-diagnostic multivitamin supplement use and colorectal cancer survival: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Use of multivitamin supplements has been associated with lower incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its influence on CRC survival remains unknown.

Methods: Among 2424 patients with stage I-III CRC who provided detailed information about multivitamin supplements in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, the authors calculated multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) of multivitamin supplements for all-cause and CRC-specific mortality according to post-diagnostic use and dose of multivitamin supplements.

Continuous versus interrupted abdominal wall closure after emergency midline laparotomy: CONTINT: a randomized controlled trial [NCT00544583].

Background: High-level evidence regarding the technique of abdominal wall closure for patients undergoing emergency midline laparotomy is sparse. Therefore, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two commonly applied abdominal wall closure strategies after primary emergency midline laparotomy.

Methods/design: CONTINT was a multi-center pragmatic open-label exploratory randomized controlled parallel trial.

Association of gallstone disease with risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: Numerous studies have assessed the association of gallstones or cholecystectomy (CE) with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the findings are mixed.

Objective: To systematically review and meta-analyse the association between the presence of gallstone disease (GD), or CE and the incidence of CRC.

Use of surveillance colonoscopy among individuals with removal of high-risk polyps according to the US Multi-Society Task Force recommendations.

Background: Individuals with colorectal polypectomy are recommended to undergo surveillance colonoscopies at certain intervals to prevent subsequent colorectal cancer. Use of postpolypectomy surveillance according to the 2006 US Multi-Society Task Force (USMSTF) recommendations in an integrated health care system was investigated.

Methods: Use of surveillance colonoscopies was prospectively assessed among 3691 patients with removal of high-risk polyps at a screening colonoscopy during 2007-2012 in the Mass General Brigham Colonoscopy Cohort.

Mediterranean diet related metabolite profiles and cognitive performance.

Background & Aims: Evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) affects human metabolism and may contribute to better cognitive performance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear.

Objective: We generated a metabolite profile for adherence to MedDiet and evaluated its cross-sectional association with aspects of cognitive performance.

A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Fibrolamellar Carcinoma: Current Perspectives and Future Prospects.

Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare primary liver tumor affecting predominantly younger and otherwise healthy patients. Typically, FLC presents with advanced disease due to the paucity of typical symptoms and no history of underlying liver disease. Depending on tumor characteristics and the patient's general condition, surgical treatment is the most promising treatment modality.

Adherence to a healthy lifestyle in relation to colorectal cancer incidence and all-cause mortality after endoscopic polypectomy: A prospective study in three U.S. cohorts.

It remains unknown whether maintenance of a healthy lifestyle after endoscopic polypectomy could still confer benefit for colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. In this study, we defined a healthy lifestyle score based on body mass index, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption and diet (range, 0-5). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations of healthy lifestyle score and individual lifestyle factors with CRC incidence and all-cause mortality.

Factors Influencing Overall Survival for Patients with Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database.

Background: The study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) for patients with FLC using a national database.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database of the National Cancer Institute was reviewed to identify FLC cases with histological confirmation between 2004 and 2014. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with OS.

Immune-Mediated Diseases Associated With Cancer Risks.

Importance: Immune regulation is important for carcinogenesis; however, the cancer risk profiles associated with immune-mediated diseases need further characterization.

Objective: To assess the prospective association of 48 immune-mediated diseases with the risk of total and individual cancers and the prospective association of organ-specific immune-mediated diseases with the risk of local and extralocal cancers.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study used data from the UK Biobank cohort study on adults aged 37 to 73 years who were recruited at 22 assessment centers throughout the UK between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2010, with follow-up through February 28, 2019.

Gallstone Disease and Risk of Conventional Adenomas and Serrated Polyps: A Prospective Study.

Background: Gallstone disease has been associated with colorectal cancer and some form of polyps, although the findings are inconclusive. It remains unknown whether gallstone disease influences the initiation of colorectal cancer.

Methods: We prospectively assessed the association of gallstone disease with risk of colorectal cancer precursors, including conventional adenomas and serrated polyps, in the Nurses' Health Study (1992-2012), the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2011), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1992-2012).

Circulating liver function markers and colorectal cancer risk: A prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.

Evidence links the liver to development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains unknown how liver function may influence CRC risk in the general population. We conducted a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank of 375 693 participants who provided blood samples in 2006 to 2010.

Evaluation of the impact of Tacrolimus-based immunosuppression on Heidelberg liver transplant cohort (HDTACRO): Study protocol for an investigator initiated, non-interventional prospective study.

Background: Tacrolimus-based immunosuppression has resulted in enormous improvements on liver transplantation (LTx) outcomes. However, dose adjustment and medication adherence play a key role in post-transplant treatment success. The aim of the present study is to assess the trough levels and the need for adaptation of therapeutic doses in de novo LTx patients treated with Tacrolimus in the clinical routine, without any intervention to the treatment regimen.

Prospective study to evaluate the prognostic value of different nutritional assessment scores in liver surgery: NURIMAS Liver (DRKS00006340).

Background: Malnutrition is recognised as a preoperative risk factor for patients undergoing hepatic resection. It is important to identify malnourished patients and take preventive therapeutic action before surgery. However, there is no evidence regarding which existing nutritional assessment score (NAS) is best suited to predict outcomes of liver surgery.