Population structure of Escherichia coli isolated from the human bloodstream, human and animal feces, and the environment in northern Tanzania.

Background: Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are a leading cause of human bloodstream infections (BSI) in sub-Saharan Africa, yet few studies have characterized African strains implicated in BSI or explored their potential reservoirs.

Methods: We enrolled febrile patients at two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania, 2007-2019, and performed blood cultures. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on E.

The increasing incidence and mortality of bacteremia in Denmark from 2010 to 2022: a population-based nationwide cohort study.

Objectives: An increasing incidence of positive blood cultures has been reported in several countries. This represents an important challenge for public health due to the large number of hospital admissions with high mortality among these patients. This study aims to characterize the epidemiology and mortality associated with positive blood cultures.

Mandatory surveillance of bacteremia conducted by automated monitoring.

Except for a few countries, comprehensive all-cause surveillance for bacteremia is not part of mandatory routine public health surveillance. We argue that time has come to include automated surveillance for bacteremia in the national surveillance systems, and explore diverse approaches and challenges in establishing bacteremia monitoring. Assessed against proposed criteria, surveillance for bacteremia should be given high priority.

Determinants of Sporadic Shiga Toxin-Producing (STEC) Infection in Denmark, 2018-2020: A Matched Case-Control Study.

Infections with Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) are increasing in Denmark and elsewhere. STEC is also the most frequent cause of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in Danish children. Most cases are considered sporadic, while approximately one-third can be attributed to a known source of infection.

Construction of the ETECFinder database for the characterization of enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and revision of the VirulenceFinder web tool at the CGE website.

Unlabelled: The identification of pathogens is essential for effective surveillance and outbreak detection, which lately has been facilitated by the decreasing cost of whole-genome sequencing (WGS). However, extracting relevant virulence genes from WGS data remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a web-based tool to predict virulence-associated genes in enterotoxigenic (ETEC), which is a major concern for human and animal health.

Identification and Characterization of ten Strains Encoding Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtypes, Stx2n as Well as Stx2j, Stx2m, and Stx2o, in the United States.

The sharing of genome sequences in online data repositories allows for large scale analyses of specific genes or gene families. This can result in the detection of novel gene subtypes as well as the development of improved detection methods. Here, we used publicly available WGS data to detect a novel Stx subtype, Stx2n in two clinical strains isolated in the USA.

Characterization of Atypical Shiga Toxin Gene Sequences and Description of Stx2j, a New Subtype.

Shiga toxin (Stx) is the definitive virulence factor of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Stx variants are currently organized into a taxonomic system of three Stx1 (a, c, and d) and seven Stx2 (a, b, c, d, e, f, and g) subtypes. In this study, seven STEC isolates from food and clinical samples possessing sequences that do not fit current Shiga toxin taxonomy were identified.

Characterization of Clinical Strains Producing a Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtype in Sweden and Denmark.

Shiga toxin (Stx) is the key virulence factor in the Shiga Toxin-Producing (STEC), which can cause diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with potential life-threatening complications. There are two major types of Stx: Stx1 and Stx2. Several Stx1/Stx2 subtypes have been identified in , varying in sequences, toxicity and host specificity.

Genetic Comparison of ESBL-Producing from Workers and Pigs at Vietnamese Pig Farms.

We analyzed and compared genomes of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing from pigs and pig farm workers at 116 farms in Vietnam. Analyses revealed the presence of , , , , , , , , and in both hosts. Most strains from pigs contained quinolones () and colistin resistance genes (-1 and -3).

The causal relationship between O2:K7:H6 extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) and native valve endocarditis: a case report.

Background: Native valves infective endocarditis due to Escherichia coli is still a rare disease and a particular virulence of some E.coli isolate may be suspected.

Case Presentation: A 79-year-old woman presented during the post-operative period of an orthopedic surgery a urinary tract infection following obstructive ureteral lithiasis.

Redefining enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC): Genomic characterization of epidemiological EAEC strains.

Although enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) has been implicated as a common cause of diarrhea in multiple settings, neither its essential genomic nature nor its role as an enteric pathogen are fully understood. The current definition of this pathotype requires demonstration of cellular adherence; a working molecular definition encompasses E.

Genotyping of Escherichia coli Isolates for Extraintestinal Virulence Genes by Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing Data.

Extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) is the leading cause in humans of urinary tract infection and bacteremia. The previously published web tool VirulenceFinder (http://cge.cbs.

Emergence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli within the ST131 Lineage as a Cause of Extraintestinal Infections.

sequence type 131 (ST131) is a major cause of urinary and bloodstream infections. Its association with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) significantly complicates treatment. Its best-described component is the rapidly expanding 30Rx clade, containing allele 30 of the type 1 fimbrial adhesin gene This lineage appears to have emerged in the United States and spread around the world in part due to the acquisition of the ESBL-encoding gene and resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Escherichia coli ST131 clones harbouring AggR and AAF/V fimbriae causing bacteremia in Mozambican children: Emergence of new variant of fimH27 subclone.

Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST131 fimH30 responsible for extra-intestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) infections is globally distributed. However, the occurrence of a subclone fimH27 of ST131 harboring both ExPEC and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) related genes and belonging to commonly reported O25:H4 and other serotypes causing bacteremia in African children remain unknown.

Escherichia coli strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2 subtype circulate in China.

Shiga toxin (Stx) is the key virulence factor in Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which can cause diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with life-threatening complications. Stx comprises two toxin types, Stx1 and Stx2. Several Stx1/Stx2 subtypes have been identified in E.

The Role of the AggR Regulon in the Virulence of the Shiga Toxin-Producing Enteroaggregative Epidemic O104:H4 Strain in Mice.

An O104:H4 Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing enteroaggregative (EAEC) strain caused a large outbreak of bloody diarrhea and the hemolytic uremic syndrome in 2011. We previously developed an ampicillin (Amp)-treated C57BL/6 mouse model to measure morbidity (weight loss) and mortality of mice orally infected with the prototype Stx-EAEC strain C227-11. Here, we hypothesized that mice fed C227-11 cured of the pAA plasmid or deleted for individual genes on that plasmid would display reduced virulence compared to animals given the wild-type (wt) strain.

gndDb, a Database of Partial Sequences To Assist with Analysis of Escherichia coli Communities Using High-Throughput Sequencing.

The use of culture methods to detect diversity does not provide sufficient resolution to identify strains present at low levels. Here, we target the hypervariable gene and describe a database containing 534 distinct partial sequences and associated O groups for use with culture-independent community analysis.

Molecular Characterization and Comparative Genomics of Clinical Hybrid Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC/ETEC) Strains in Sweden.

Hybrid E. coli pathotypes are representing emerging public health threats with enhanced virulence from different pathotypes. Hybrids of Shiga toxin-producing and enterotoxigenic E.

Cumulative acquisition of pathogenicity islands has shaped virulence potential and contributed to the emergence of LEE-negative Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens causing severe gastroenteritis, which may lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome. The Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE), a Pathogenicity Island (PAI), is a major determinant of intestinal epithelium attachment of a group of STEC strains; however, the virulence repertoire of STEC strains lacking LEE, has not been fully characterized. The incidence of LEE-negative STEC strains has increased in several countries, highlighting the relevance of their study.

Impact of Smoking Cessation on Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Longitudinal Observational and Interventional Studies.

Aims: This systematic review aimed to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking cessation on the risk for periodontitis compared to the risk among never-smokers and to evaluate the effect of tobacco smoking cessation on the clinical outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal treatment.

Methods: Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Search strategy included MeSH and free terms: periodontitis, periodontal diseases, smoking, tobacco use, tobacco, tobacco products, cigarette, pipe, and cigar.

Interlaboratory Evaluation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Escherichia coli Identification Microarray for Profiling Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Escherichia coli Identification (FDA-ECID) microarray provides rapid molecular characterization of E.

Nonaplex PCR using Cliffhanger primers to identify diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli from crude lysates of human faecal samples.

Sensitive, probe-based detection of multiple DNA targets is limited by the competitive reannealing of the antiparallel duplex DNA helix with the complementary DNA strand. To address this, we developed Cliffhanger primers, which create single-stranded DNA overhangs on PCR amplicons while simultaneously increasing the multiplex PCR efficacy and allowing PCR amplification using crude lysates of human faecal samples. A multiplex PCR that targeted eight genes from diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli plus an internal control was performed and compared to a routine method that consisted of culture followed by multiplex PCR with fragment length separation.