Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy versus Whole-Brain Radiotherapy following Brain Metastasis Resection - Results of the ESTRON Randomized Phase 2 Trial.

Background: Postoperative radiotherapy improves local control after brain metastasis (BM) resection. Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) reduces recurrence risk but impairs neurocognition. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy of the cavity (HFSRT) may offer equivalent tumor control with reduced toxicity.

Deep learning-based contour propagation in magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiotherapy of lung cancer patients.

Fast and accurate organ-at-risk (OAR) and gross tumor volume (GTV) contour propagation methods are needed to improve the efficiency of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided radiotherapy. We trained deformable image registration networks to accurately propagate contours from planning to fraction MR images.Data from 140 stage 1-2 lung cancer patients treated at a 0.

Partial Breast Reirradiation for Breast Cancer Recurrences After Repeat Breast-Conserving Surgery with Proton Beam Therapy: The Prospective BREAST Trial (NCT06954623).

(1) : The management of ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence depends on the extent of the tumor, and staging results, and mastectomy is currently the standard of care for previously irradiated patients. Studies are increasingly investigating suitable candidates for the repeated use of breast-conserving approaches as an alternative to mastectomy. But this includes the crucial necessity for curative reirradiation (Re-RT).

Intrafractional Motion in Online-Adaptive Magnetic Resonance-Guided Radiotherapy of Adrenal Metastases Leads to Reduced Target Volume Coverage and Elevated Organ-at-Risk Doses.

Background/objectives: Stereotactic body radiotherapy is frequently used in patients with adrenal metastases. Motion of adherent radiosensitive organs at risk (OARs) and tumors influence OAR toxicity and tumor control. Online-adaptive Magnetic Resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) can address and mitigate interfractional changes.

Prospective planning comparison of magnetic resonance-guided vs. internal target volume-based stereotactic body radiotherapy of hepatic metastases - Which patients do really benefit from an MR-linac?

Purpose/objective: To compare online MR-guided SBRT (MRgRT) of liver metastases with state-of-the-art ITV-based SBRT (ITV-SBRT) and assess which patients benefit most from MRgRT.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective randomized trial (MAESTRO study, NCT05027711), patients were randomized to either gated and online adaptive MRgRT or ITV-SBRT if a biologically effective dose (BED) of 100 Gy was feasible with ITV-SBRT. Otherwise, patients were treated with MRgRT.

A fully automated machine-learning-based workflow for radiation treatment planning in prostate cancer.

Introduction: The integration of artificial intelligence into radiotherapy planning for prostate cancer has demonstrated promise in enhancing efficiency and consistency. In this study, we assess the clinical feasibility of a fully automated machine learning (ML)-based "one-click" workflow that combines ML-based segmentation and treatment planning. The proposed workflow was designed to create a clinically acceptable radiotherapy plan within the inter-observer variation of conventional plans.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy with carbon ions as local ablative treatment in patients with primary liver cancer.

Background And Aims: Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer related death due to treatment resistance and late onset of symptoms (Rumgay in J Hepatol 77: 1598-1606, 2022). The role of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in treatment of unresectable liver cancer needs to be defined. The use of particle therapy such as carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) with high linear energy transfer (LET) could increase efficacy of EBRT while limiting the toxic effects of radiation on non-cancerous liver tissue.

How to protect the proximal bronchial tree during stereotactic radiotherapy of ultracentral lung tumors: Lessons from MR-guided treatment.

Purpose: To use imaging data from stereotactic MR-guided online adaptive radiotherapy (SMART) of ultracentral lung tumors (ULT) for development of a safe non-adaptive approach towards stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of ULT.

Patients And Methods: Analysis is based on 19 patients with ULT who received SMART (10 × 5.0-5.

Metastasis-directed stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer: results of an international multicenter cohort study.

Metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) for oligometastatic breast cancer (≤ 5 metastases) has shown little effect in specific scenarios of randomized trials. Therefore, we aimed to assess outcomes after metastasis-directed stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in various clinical scenarios. We conducted an international retrospective cohort study in thirteen centers including breast cancer patients receiving SRT to any metastatic site.

Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy of brainstem metastases - Clinical outcome and prognostic factors.

Introduction: Brain metastases (BM) are the most common malignancy in the central nervous system (CNS) and observed in approximately 30% of cancer patients. Brainstem metastases (BSM) are challenging because of their location and the associated neurological risks. There are still no general therapeutic recommendations in this setting.

Efficacy of palliative hemostatic radiotherapy for tumor bleeding and pain relief in locally advanced pelvic gynecological malignancies.

Purpose: The appearance of symptomatic tumor-related vaginal bleeding and pain in advanced incurable cancer patients with pelvic gynecological malignancies remains a therapeutic challenge in oncological treatment. The aim of our analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of palliative hemostatic radiotherapy.

Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who had received palliative hemostatic radiotherapy (RT) at our institution between 2011 and 2023 and evaluated acute toxicity, local control, cessation of bleeding, and pain relief.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for 1-10 brain metastases to avoid whole-brain radiotherapy: Results of the CYBER-SPACE randomized phase 2 trial.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an emerging alternative to whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for treating multiple brain metastases (BM), reducing toxicity, and improving tumor control. The CYBER-SPACE trial compared SRS based on either SPACE or MPRAGE MRI sequence for avoiding or delaying WBRT in patients with 1-10 BM.

Methods: Patients with 1-10 untreated BM were randomized 1:1 to receive SRS of all lesions based on either SPACE or MPRAGE MRI sequences.

Validation of different automated segmentation models for target volume contouring in postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer and regional nodal irradiation.

Introduction: Target volume delineation is routinely performed in postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer patients, but it is a time-consuming process. The aim of the present study was to validate the quality, clinical usability and institutional-specific implementation of different auto-segmentation tools into clinical routine.

Methods: Three different commercially available, artificial intelligence-, ESTRO-guideline-based segmentation models (M1-3) were applied to fifty consecutive reference patients who received postoperative local RT including regional nodal irradiation for breast cancer for the delineation of clinical target volumes: the residual breast, implant or chestwall, axilla levels 1 and 2, the infra- and supraclavicular regions, the interpectoral and internal mammary nodes.

Carbon Ion Beam Radiation Therapy as Part of a Trimodal Therapy for Non-small Cell Superior Sulcus Tumors: The INKA Study.

Purpose: Superior sulcus tumors are frequently treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT) followed by surgery via a trimodal approach. The INKA study evaluated the replacement of photon irradiation by carbon ion radiation therapy (C12-RT) in this regimen.

Methods And Materials: The prospective INKA study included patients with locally advanced non-small cell superior sulcus tumors ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Clinical Outcomes of Online Adaptive Magnetic Resonance-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of Adrenal Metastases from a Single Institution.

(1) Background: Recent publications foster stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with adrenal oligometastases or oligoprogression. However, local control (LC) after non-adaptive SBRT shows the potential for improvement. Online adaptive MR-guided SBRT (MRgSBRT) improves tumor coverage and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing.

Clinical Workflow of Cone Beam Computer Tomography-Based Daily Online Adaptive Radiotherapy with Offline Magnetic Resonance Guidance: The Modular Adaptive Radiotherapy System (MARS).

Purpose: The Ethos (Varian Medical Systems) radiotherapy device combines semi-automated anatomy detection and plan generation for cone beam computer tomography (CBCT)-based daily online adaptive radiotherapy (oART). However, CBCT offers less soft tissue contrast than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This work aims to present the clinical workflow of CBCT-based oART with shuttle-based offline MR guidance.

Daily AI-Based Treatment Adaptation under Weekly Offline MR Guidance in Chemoradiotherapy for Cervical Cancer 1: The AIM-C1 Trial.

(1) External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and concurrent chemotherapy, followed by brachytherapy (BT), offer a standard of care for patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma. Conventionally, large safety margins are required to compensate for organ movement, potentially increasing toxicity. Lately, daily high-quality cone beam CT (CBCT)-guided adaptive radiotherapy, aided by artificial intelligence (AI), became clinically available.

Comorbidity in limited disease small-cell lung cancer: Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index and its association with overall survival following chemoradiotherapy.

Background: Combined, platinum-based thoracic chemoradiotherapy (TCR) is the current state-of-the-art treatment for patients with limited disease (LD) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). There is only limited data available regarding the effect of comorbidities on survival following TRC. The purpose of this study is to assess the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) as a predictor of overall survival in LD-SCLC patients undergoing TCR.

Long-Term Clinical Results of MR-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of Liver Metastases.

(1) Background: Magnetic-resonance (MR)-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) allows for ablative, non-invasive treatment of liver metastases. However, long-term clinical outcome data are missing. (2) Methods: Patients received MR-guided SBRT with a MRIdian Linac between January 2019 and October 2021 and were part of an ongoing prospective observational registry.

Preoperative Dose-Escalated Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) in Patients with Retroperitoneal Soft-Tissue Sarcoma: Final Results of a Clinical Phase I/II Trial.

Background: To report the final results of a prospective, one-armed, single-center phase I/II trial (NCT01566123).

Methods: Between 2007 and 2017, 37 patients with primary or recurrent (N = 6) retroperitoneal sarcomas were enrolled. Treatment included preoperative IMRT of 45-50 Gy with a simultaneous integrated boost of 50-56 Gy, surgery and IORT.

Noninferiority of Local Control and Comparable Toxicity of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy With Simultaneous Integrated Boost in Breast Cancer: 5-Year Results of the IMRT-MC2 Phase III Trial.

Purpose: The IMRT-MC2 trial was conducted to demonstrate the noninferiority of conventionally fractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy with a simultaneous integrated boost to 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy with a sequential boost for adjuvant breast radiation therapy.

Methods And Materials: A total of 502 patients were randomized between 2011 and 2015 for the prospective, multicenter, phase III trial (NCT01322854). Five-year results of late toxicity (late effects normal tissue task force-subjective, objective, management, and analytical), overall survival, disease-free survival, distant disease-free survival, cosmesis (Harvard scale), and local control (noninferiority margin at hazard ratio [HR] of 3.

Palliative Radiotherapy for Symptomatic Locally Advanced Breast Cancer.

Women with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) or inoperable local recurrence often suffer from a significantly reduced quality of life (QOL) due to local tumor-associated pain, bleeding, exulceration, or malodorous discharge. We aimed to further investigate the benefit of radiotherapy (RT) for symptom relief while weighing the side-effects. Patients who received symptom-oriented RT for palliative therapy of their LABC or local recurrence in the Department of Radiation Oncology at Heidelberg University Hospital between 2012 and 2021 were recorded.