Reproductive stage-dependent heat stress responses from perspectives of photosynthesis, yield, and grain composition in contrasting Lupinus angustifolius varieties.

This study aimed to elucidate heat resistance in Lupinus angustifolius L. using gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence methods and to examine relationships between photosynthesis, yield, and grain nutritional composition. For this we exploited six contrasting varieties: 'Iris', 'Jenabillup', 'Mandelup', 'Mirabor', 'Primabella' and 'Primadonna' selected based on physiological, yield, and grain nutritional performance.

Stomata morphology measurement with interactive machine learning: accuracy, speed, and biological relevance?

Stomatal morphology plays a critical role in regulating plant gas exchange influencing water use efficiency and ecological adaptability. While traditional methods for analyzing stomatal traits rely on labor-intensive manual measurements, machine learning (ML) tools offer a promising alternative. In this study, we evaluate the suitability of a U-Net-based interactive ML software with corrective annotation for stomatal morphology phenotyping.

Increased Growth Temperatures Alter Arctic Plant Responses to Heat Wave and Drought.

Persistent warming and higher frequency of heat waves in the Arctic are causing alterations in Arctic vegetation and plant functionality, potentially redefining the role of the Arctic ecosystem. Vegetation influences atmospheric composition through exchanges of CO and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), both processes exhibiting a strong response to temperature variations. However, our quantitative understanding of how increased temperatures interact with extreme weather events, namely heat waves and drought, to affect Arctic plant processes remains limited.

A synchronized, large-scale field experiment using Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the significance of the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 under natural conditions.

This study determines the functional role of the plant ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) photoreceptor, UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) under natural conditions using a large-scale 'synchronized-genetic-perturbation-field-experiment'. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated a role for UVR8 in UV-B responses but do not reflect the complexity of outdoor conditions where 'genotype × environment' interactions can mask laboratory-observed responses. Arabidopsis thaliana knockout mutant, uvr8-7, and the corresponding Wassilewskija wild type, were sown outdoors on the same date at 21 locations across Europe, ranging from 39°N to 67°N latitude.

Interactive Effects of Temperature, Water Regime, and [CO] on Wheats with Different Heat Susceptibilities.

Plants' response to single environmental changes can be highly distinct from the response to multiple changes. The effects of a single environmental factor on wheat growth have been well documented. However, the interactive influences of multiple factors on different wheat genotypes need further investigation.

Plant responses to co-occurring heat and water deficit stress: A comparative study of tolerance mechanisms in old and modern wheat genotypes.

Global climate change increases the likelihood of co-occurrence of hot and dry spells with increased intensity, frequency, and duration. Studying the impact of the two stresses provide a better understanding of tolerance mechanisms in wheat, and our study was focused on revealing plant stress responses to different severities of combined stress at two phenophases in old and modern wheat genotypes. During the stem elongation and anthesis stages, plants were exposed to four treatments: control, deficit irrigation, combined heat, and deficit irrigation at 31 °C (HD31) and 37 °C (HD37).

The light spectrum differentially influences morphology, physiology and metabolism of Chrysanthemum × morifolium without affecting biomass accumulation.

The development of light emitting diodes (LED) gives new possibilities to use the light spectrum to manipulate plant morphology and physiology in plant production and research. Here, vegetative Chrysanthemum × morifolium were grown at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 230 μmol m  s under monochromatic blue, cyan, green, and red, and polychromatic red:blue or white light with the objective to investigate the effect on plant morphology, gas exchange and metabolic profile. After 33 days of growth, branching and leaf number increased from blue to red light, while area per leaf, leaf weight fraction, flavonol index, and stomatal density and conductance decreased, while dry matter production was mostly unaffected.

Synergistic regulation at physiological, transcriptional and metabolic levels in tomato plants subjected to a combination of salt and heat stress.

With global warming and climate change, abiotic stresses often simultaneously occur. Combined salt and heat stress was a common phenomenon that was severe, particularly in arid/semi-arid lands. We aimed to reveal the systematic responsive mechanisms of tomato genotypes with different salt/heat susceptibilities to combined salt and heat stress.

ROS-mediated waterlogging memory, induced by priming, mitigates photosynthesis inhibition in tomato under waterlogging stress.

With global climate change, the frequency and intensity of waterlogging events are increasing due to frequent and heavy precipitation. Little is known however about the response of plants to repeated waterlogging stress events. The aim is to clarify physiological regulation mechanisms of tomato plants under repeated waterlogging stress, and whether can alleviate waterlogging injury.

Supplementary UV-A and UV-B radiation differentially regulate morphology in Ocimum basilicum.

UV-A- or UV-B-enriched growth light was given to basil plants at non-stress-inducing intensities. UV-A-enriched growth light gave rise to a sharp rise in the expression of PAL and CHS genes in leaves, an effect that rapidly declined after 1-2 days of exposure. On the other hand, leaves of plants grown in UV-B-enriched light had a more stable and long-lasting increase in the expression of these genes and also showed a stronger increase in leaf epidermal flavonol content.

The Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameter F/F Correlates with Loss of Grain Yield after Severe Drought in Three Wheat Genotypes Grown at Two CO Concentrations.

Three genotypes of wheat grown at two CO concentrations were used in a drought experiment, where water was withheld from the pots at anthesis until stomatal conductance (g) dropped below 10% of the control and photosynthesis (A) approached zero. The genotypes had different leaf area (Gladius < LM19 < LM62) and while photosynthesis and shoot growth were boosted by elevated CO, the water use and drying rate were more determined by canopy size than by stomatal density and conductance. The genotypes responded differently regarding number of fertile tillers, seeds per spike and 1000 kernel weight and, surprisingly, the largest genotype (LM62) with high water use showed the lowest relative decrease in grain yield.

Dominant and Priming Role of Waterlogging in Tomato at e[CO] by Multivariate Analysis.

The frequency of waterlogging episodes has increased due to unpredictable and intense rainfalls. However, less is known about waterlogging memory and its interaction with other climate change events, such as elevated CO concentration (e[CO]). This study investigated the combined effects of e[CO] and two rounds of waterlogging stress on the growth of cultivated tomato () and wild tomato ().

Regulation and physiological function of proteins for heat tolerance in cowpea () genotypes under controlled and field conditions.

The expression of heat shock proteins is considered a central adaptive mechanism to heat stress. This study investigated the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other stress-protective proteins against heat stress in cowpea genotypes under field (IT-96D-610 and IT-16) and controlled (IT-96D-610) conditions. Heat stress response analysis of proteins at 72 h in the controlled environment showed 270 differentially regulated proteins identified using label-free quantitative proteomics in IT-96D-610 plants.

Metabolic changes in cucumber leaves are enhanced by blue light but differentially affected by UV interactions with light signalling pathways in the visible spectrum.

Ultraviolet radiation (UV, 280-400 nm) as an environmental signal triggers metabolic acclimatory responses. However, how different light qualities affect UV acclimation during growth is poorly understood. Here, cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were grown under blue, green, red, or white light in combination with UV.

Salinity, waterlogging, and elevated [CO2] interact to induce complex responses in cultivated and wild tomato.

The effects of individual climatic factors on crops are well documented, whereas the interaction of such factors in combination has received less attention. The frequency of salinity and waterlogging stress is increasing with climate change, accompanied by elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]). This study explored how these three variables interacted and affected two tomato genotypes.

Proteome changes and associated physiological roles in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) tolerance to heat stress under field conditions.

Interrogative proteome analyses are used to identify and quantify the expression of proteins involved in heat tolerance and to identify associated physiological processes in heat-stressed plants. The objectives of the study were to identify and quantify the expression of proteins involved in heat tolerance and to identify associated physiological processes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) heat-tolerant (Acc#7) and sensitive genotype (Acc#8) from a field study.

Elevated CO concentration increases photosynthetic sensitivity to nitrogen supply of sorghum in a genotype-dependent manner.

We hypothesized that elevated [CO] only increases sorghum photosynthesis under low nitrogen availability and evaluated whether cultivars BRS373 (grain), BRS511 (saccharine) and BRS655 (forage) differ in their sensitivity to nitrogen and [CO]. Plants were grown in growth chambers where air [CO] was 400 (a[CO]) or 800 (e[CO]) μmol CO mol and supplied with nutrient solution containing 211 (HN) or 48 (LN) ppm N for 45 days. Photosynthetic traits were measured in fully expanded leaves as well as leaf nitrogen and biomass accumulation.

Downsizing in plants-UV light induces pronounced morphological changes in the absence of stress.

Ultraviolet (UV) light induces a stocky phenotype in many plant species. In this study, we investigate this effect with regard to specific UV wavebands (UV-A or UV-B) and the cause for this dwarfing. UV-A- or UV-B-enrichment of growth light both resulted in a smaller cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.

Effects of UV radiation on transcript and metabolite accumulation are dependent on monochromatic light background in cucumber.

During recent years, we have advanced our understanding of plant molecular responses to ultraviolet radiation (UV, 280-400 nm); however, how plants respond to UV radiation under different spectral light qualities is poorly understood. In this study, cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus "Lausanna RZ F1") were grown under monochromatic blue, green, red, and broadband white light in combination with UV radiation. The effects of light quality and UV radiation on acclimatory responses were assessed by measuring transcript accumulation of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), CHALCONE SYNTHASE 2 (CHS2), and LIGHT HARVESTING COMPLEX II (LHCII), and the accumulation of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in the leaves.

The effect of individual and combined drought and heat stress under elevated CO on physiological responses in spring wheat genotypes.

Abiotic stress due to climate change with continuous rise of atmospheric CO concentration is predicted to cause severe changes to crop productivity. Thus, research into wheat cultivars, capable of maintaining yield under limiting conditions is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses of spring wheat to individual and combined drought- and heat events and their interaction with CO concentration.

Spectral Composition of Light Affects Sensitivity to UV-B and Photoinhibition in Cucumber.

Ultraviolet B (UV-B) (280-315 nm) and ultraviolet A (UV-A) (315-400 nm) radiation comprise small portions of the solar radiation but regulate many aspects of plant development, physiology and metabolism. Until now, how plants respond to UV-B in the presence of different light qualities is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the effects of a low UV-B dose (0.

Integration of non-target metabolomics and sensory analysis unravels vegetable plant metabolite signatures associated with sensory quality: A case study using dill (Anethum graveolens).

Using dill (Anethum graveolens L.) as a model herb, we reveal novel associations between metabolite profile and sensory quality, by integrating non-target metabolomics with sensory data. Low night temperatures and exposure to UV-enriched light was used to modulate plant metabolism, thereby improving sensory quality.

Genotype-dependent responses of chickpea to high temperature and moderately increased light.

Our aim was to understand how moderately increased light intensities influenced the response of chickpea to high temperature. Three chickpea genotypes (Acc#3, Acc#7 and Acc#8) were treated at control (26 °C and 300 μmol m s photosynthetic photon flux density/PPFD), high temperature (38 °C and 300 μmol m s PPFD), increased light intensity (26 °C and 600 μmol m s PPFD) and combination of increased light and temperature (38 °C and 600 μmol m s PPFD). The net photosynthetic rate (P) of Acc#3 and Acc#8 significantly decreased at high temperature regardless of light intensity.