Formal Mentorship in Surgical Training: A Long-Term Prospective Interventional Study.

Objective: Surgical training programs have a high prevalence of trainee stress and burnout. Formal mentorship programs (FMP) have been shown to alleviate these factors and improve quality of life (QOL) in short-term follow-up. This study aims to determine the long-term effects of an FMP on the well-being of a single-center cohort of surgical trainees.

ChatENT: Augmented Large Language Model for Expert Knowledge Retrieval in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Objective: The recent surge in popularity of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has showcased their proficiency in medical examinations and potential applications in health care. However, LLMs possess inherent limitations, including inconsistent accuracy, specific prompting requirements, and the risk of generating harmful hallucinations. A domain-specific model might address these limitations effectively.

A Novel Evaluation Model for Assessing ChatGPT on Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Certification Examinations: Performance Study.

Background: ChatGPT is among the most popular large language models (LLMs), exhibiting proficiency in various standardized tests, including multiple-choice medical board examinations. However, its performance on otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) certification examinations and open-ended medical board certification examinations has not been reported.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT on OHNS board examinations and propose a novel method to assess an AI model's performance on open-ended medical board examination questions.

Canadian multidisciplinary expert consensus on the use of biologics in upper airways: a Delphi study.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) often coexists with lower airway disease. With the overlap between upper and lower airway disease, optimal management of the upper airways is undertaken in conjunction with that of the lower airways. Biologic therapy with targeted activity within the Type 2 inflammatory pathway can improve the clinical signs and symptoms of both upper and lower airway diseases.

Developing an Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) for Microlaryngoscopy.

Background: Microlaryngoscopy is a basic technical skill in Oto-HNS. It is essential for residency programs to have a competency-based assessment tool to evaluate residents' performance of this procedure. An Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) is a procedure-specific assessment, which consists of the following: (a) Operation-Specific Checklist and (b) Global Rating Scale (GRS).

International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021.

Unlabelled: I.

Executive Summary: BACKGROUND: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR-RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR-RS-2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics.

Objective and subjective sinonasal and pulmonary outcomes in aspirin desensitization therapy: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) patients are challenging to manage with sinonasal and pulmonary symptoms refractory to maximal medical and surgical therapies. Our objective was to comprehensively examine objective and validated, disease-specific subjective sinonasal and pulmonary outcomes of aspirin (ASA) desensitization therapy in this patient population.

Methods: Prospective cohort study at an academic tertiary center.

Resection versus preservation of the middle turbinate in surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects up to 16% of the population. When medical treatment fails, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is considered. The value of resecting the middle turbinate to optimize surgical outcomes has been hypothesized but remains controversial and unproven.

Total intravenous anesthesia vs inhaled anesthetic for intraoperative visualization during endoscopic sinus surgery: a double blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) can impair visualization and delay surgical progress. The role that anesthetic technique may have on the quality of surgical field during ESS has been previously studied. However, meta-analyses have deemed the current literature inconclusive and lacking methodological consistency.

Formal mentorship in a surgical residency training program: a prospective interventional study.

Background: Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery resident physicians (OHNSR) have a high prevalence of burnout, job dissatisfaction and stress as shown within the literature. Formal mentorship programs (FMP) have a proven track record of enhancing professional development and academic success. More importantly FMP have an overall positive impact on residents and assist in improving job satisfaction.

A comparison of radiographic evidence of frontal sinusitis in middle-turbinate sacrificing versus middle-turbinate sparing approaches to the sella.

Background: Initial descriptions of endoscopic approaches to the sella and pituitary involved resecting the middle turbinate (MT) to help improve access and visualization. Modifications of these procedures to preserve the MT have since been described, one rationale being to reduce the incidence of frontal sinusitis. The objective of this study was to establish the incidence of postoperative frontal sinusitis in MT sparing (MTsp) and MT sacrificing (MTsc) approaches to the sella.

Objective sinonasal functional outcomes in endoscopic anterior skull-base surgery: an evidence-based review with recommendations.

Background: The use of endoscopic endonasal approaches to the anterior skull base has dramatically expanded in recent years, with clinical endpoints and complication rates that compare favorably to traditional approaches. The impact of the endoscopic approach on sinonasal function has been less rigorously evaluated. The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze the literature evaluating objective sinonasal outcomes in endoscopic anterior skull-base surgery, and provide evidence-based recommendations.

International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis.

Background: The body of knowledge regarding rhinosinusitis(RS) continues to expand, with rapid growth in number of publications, yet substantial variability in the quality of those presentations. In an effort to both consolidate and critically appraise this information, rhinologic experts from around the world have produced the International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR:RS).

Methods: Evidence-based reviews with recommendations(EBRRs) were developed for scores of topics, using previously reported methodology.

Acoustic rhinometry and video endoscopic scoring to evaluate postoperative outcomes in endonasal spreader graft surgery with septoplasty and turbinoplasty for nasal valve collapse.

Background: Nasal obstruction is a common complaint seen by otolaryngologists. The internal nasal valve (INV) is typically the narrowest portion of the nasal cavity, and if this area collapses on inspiration the patient experiences significant symptoms of nasal obstruction. The nasal obstruction is further compounded if the INV is narrower than normal.

Endoscopic vidian neurectomy: a prospective case series.

Background: Chronic refractory vasomotor rhinitis (VMR) is a debilitating condition that causes significant impairment of quality of life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and potential side effects of endoscopic vidian neurectomy as treatment for patients with VMR.

Methods: This study was a prospective, intent-to-follow case series.

Role of season, temperature and humidity on the incidence of epistaxis in Alberta, Canada.

Background: Classical dogma holds that epistaxis is more common in winter months but there is significant variability reported in the literature. No study has yet examined the effect of season, humidity and temperature on epistaxis in a location with as severe weather extremes as seen in Alberta, Canada. The objective of the study is to evaluate for an effect of these meteorological factors on the incidence of epistaxis in Alberta.

Association between allergic rhinitis and asthma in a Northern Alberta cohort.

Background: Many published epidemiologic studies confirm a marked increase in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis. The link between allergic rhinitis and asthma has been extensively studied and approximately 75% of patients with asthma have allergic rhinitis. The proportion of patients with asthma in populations of allergic rhinitis patients has not been well studied.

A comparison of septal stapler to suture closure in septoplasty: a prospective, randomized trial evaluating the effect on operative time.

Background: Septoplasty requires coaptation of the mucosal flaps at the conclusion of the procedure; classically this is done with nasal packing. Quilting sutures provide a welcome alternative to packing, but can be time-consuming to place. A septal stapler has recently been developed that provides a rapid alternative to quilting sutures but the timesaving has not been quantified.

The incidence of early post-operative complications following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: identification of predictive risk factors.

Objective: Characterize complications following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Subjects And Methods: Charts of patients undergoing UPPP at an academic teaching hospital from 1999 to 2005 were reviewed.

Radial forearm free flap with titanium mesh sandwich reconstruction in complex anterior skull base defects.

Background: Skull base reconstruction presents a number of challenges from anatomical and functional perspectives. This is especially the case with large anterior skull base defects with compromised recipient beds from repeated infection, multiple surgeries, or previous radiation. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the use of the titanium mesh/radial forearm free flap (RFFF) mesh sandwich for reconstruction of large anterior skull base defects with a poor recipient bed or excessive bony defect.

Olfactory and sinonasal outcomes in endoscopic transsphenoidal skull-base surgery.

Background: Endoscopic anterior skull-base surgery has been previously suggested to cause a significant deterioration in olfactory function. Given the impact on quality of life, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of a unilateral middle-turbinate-sacrificing approach on olfactory function and sinonasal outcome.

Methods: Prospective cohort study comparing olfactory and sinonasal outcomes pre- and post-transsphenoidal skull-base surgery.

Intravenous tranexamic acid and intraoperative visualization during functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) can hinder surgical progress and may be associated with increased complications. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic that is known to reduce operative bleeding. The current study was designed to assess the effect of adjunctive intravenous tranexamic acid on intraoperative bleeding and the quality of the surgical field during ESS.

Oral corticosteroids in the management of adult chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps: an evidence-based review with recommendations.

Background: Oral steroids are commonly used in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with and without nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP, respectively). Past reports have included evaluation of the evidence for the use of oral steroids in CRS subtypes. However, a review with evidence-based recommendations for all CRS subtypes has never been performed.