Association between facility volume with treatment patterns and short-term surgical outcomes in pituitary adenoma: a National Cancer Database analysis.

Objective: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common intracranial neoplasms for which definitive treatment is generally transsphenoidal resection depending on patient and tumor characteristics. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with other intracranial tumors treated at high-volume centers are more likely to undergo surgery, receive adjuvant therapy, and experience improved surgical outcomes. However, PAs have yet to be studied in this context.

Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks During Endoscopic Endonasal Tumor Resection are Associated With Higher Emesis Rates and Greater Opioid Use in the Acute Postoperative Period.

Background And Objectives: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are common after endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). Opioid-induced emesis in the acute postoperative period may play a role in causing these leaks. The purpose of this study was to understand the associations between opioid use, postoperative emesis, and CSF leak occurrence after EEA.

Current understanding of the role of DNA methylation in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are unusual among neoplasms in that sporadic tumors are not typically associated with genetic mutations. Instead, epigenetics, a non-mutational process by which gene expression is modified via a variety of mechanisms, may be a driving factor in PitNET growth and behavior. DNA methylation is one of the most well-understood forms of epigenetic modification.

A new era in neurosurgery residency applications: the impact of preference signaling on the neurosurgical match.

Objective: Applications to neurosurgical residency programs have progressively increased, both in applicant numbers and programs applied to per applicant. The adoption of signaling, beginning with 8 signals in the 2022-2023 cycle and increasing to 25 in the 2023-2024 cycle, has the potential to improve the match process and reduce applicant costs. This study analyzed trends in the neurosurgery residency match from 2017 to 2024 to evaluate the impact of signaling.

Catalogue and Evolution of Minimally Invasive Approaches for Adult Intracranial Pathology From 2011 to 2023.

Background And Objectives: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) presents an attractive alternative to conventional open cranial approaches because it limits tissue exposure, promotes wound healing, and enhances patient satisfaction. This study aimed to describe our experience with selection and use of prospectively catalogued MIS cranial approaches to treat a variety of pathologies, highlighting clinical outcomes and trends over time.

Methods: We used a prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing cranial surgery by the senior author at our institution between 2011 and 2023.

The use of generative artificial intelligence-based dictation in a neurosurgical practice: a pilot study.

Objective: Document dictation remains a significant clinical burden and generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems utilizing transformer-based technology offer efficient speech processing methods that could streamline clinical documentation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of generative AI in enhancing dictation efficiency and workflow within a targeted neurosurgical practice.

Methods: Ten operative reports from both cranial and spinal neurosurgical procedures were dictated and recorded by three independent physicians.

Safety Profile of Select Perioperative Lumbar Drain Use After Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery.

Background And Objectives: Lumbar drains (LD) may be selectively used in complex endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) to promote cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion and decrease CSF leak rates. Perioperative outcomes related to LD insertion have not been described in detail. We aimed to study safety profiles and complications associated with LD placement for EES.

Associations Between Tumor Characteristics, Postoperative Complications, and Early Versus Late Discharge After Endoscopic Endonasal Pituitary Adenoma Resection.

Background And Objectives: Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols have resulted in a paradigm change in perioperative care with applications in cranial neurosurgery. Protocols have been implemented to increase rates of early discharge with length of stay being an important metric after pituitary adenoma (PA) resection. The aim of this study was to assess characteristics associated with early discharge on postoperative day 1 or 2 (POD 1-2) after endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for PA.

Trends in glioblastoma treatment, survival, and disparities in access to care in the United States from 2004 to 2019: a National Cancer Database analysis.

Objective: Population-based studies of histologically confirmed glioblastoma without molecular classification have demonstrated the doubling of 3-year overall survival (OS) since 2005 despite minimal additions to the treatment armamentarium. The authors aimed to evaluate whether changes in tumor characteristics and treatment patterns were associated with survival outcomes. Additionally, the authors sought to elucidate disparities in access to established and novel therapeutic modalities for patients with glioblastoma.

Surgical Outcomes of Silent ACTH+ Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Multi-Institutional Experience and Review of the Literature.

Background And Objectives: Silent corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) constitute approximately 20% of nonfunctional PitNETs and exhibit positive immunostaining for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). These tumors have been characterized as exhibiting high recurrence rates and poor response to repeat intervention as compared with other subsets of nonfunctional PitNETs. As such, we aimed to evaluate a multi-institutional experience of silent corticotroph (ACTH+) PitNETs to characterize the presentation, radiographic characteristics, and their clinical outcomes.

Predictive factors for early-onset hyponatremia following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.

Objective: The goal of this study was to characterize the pre-, peri-, and postoperative risk factors associated with early hyponatremia (defined as a serum sodium level < 135 mEq/L on or before postoperative day [POD] 3) following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed using a single-institution database for patients undergoing surgery for pituitary adenoma (PA). Serum values were collected routinely throughout the postoperative period.

A contemporary, multiinstitutional analysis of transcription factor lineage in pituitary adenomas: comparative study of neuroimaging, histopathology, and clinical outcomes.

Objective: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common lesions that often present with endocrinopathy and/or visual symptoms. Classification of PAs has historically been based on functional status and histopathological staining of anterior pituitary hormones. In 2017, the WHO revised the classification of PAs, establishing cell lineages identified by the transcription factors (TFs) PIT1, TPIT, and SF1.

Prognostic role of p16 overexpression in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of Alberta patients.

Objective: Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is rare in the general population. No clear and consistent etiologic correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) and SNSCC has yet been delineated in the literature. p16 is a tumor suppressor protein used as a surrogate marker for HPV.

Clinical and Radiographic Presentation and Surgical Outcomes of T-Box Pituitary Transcription Factor (TPIT) Silent Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Multi-institutional Experience and Review of the Literature.

Objective: The aim of this study is to characterize the incidence, aggressiveness, and clinical outcomes of silent TPIT+ PitNETs, as well as treatment strategies in the event of recurrence/progression. We also review the current literature surrounding TPIT+ silent corticotrophs.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved retrospective study of prospectively acquired patients undergoing resection of PitNETs at the University of Washington and University of Southern California between 2011 and 2023 was performed.

Treatment practices and survival outcomes for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients according to MGMT promoter methylation status: insights from the U.S. National Cancer Database.

Purpose: Methylation of the O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter is an important prognostic marker in glioblastoma (GBM); however, its implementation in clinical practice remains understudied. Here, we assessed the prevalence of MGMT methylation status among GBM patients in the United States. Additionally, we evaluated treatment practices and survival outcomes of GBM patients according to MGMT promoter methylation status.

Association between pituitary adenoma consistency, resection techniques, and patient outcomes: a single-institution experience.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the association between pituitary adenoma (PA) consistency and other measurable tumor characteristics, extent of resection (EOR), postoperative complications, and outcomes.

Methods: In total, 507 PA resections were intraoperatively assigned a consistency grade from 1 (cystic/hemorrhagic tumors) to 5 (calcified tumors) based on intraoperative tumor characteristics. Tumor consistency was analyzed in tertiles (grades 1 and 2, grade 3, and grades 4 and 5) to determine associations with tumor characteristics, EOR, recurrence, postoperative outcomes, and complications.

Association between meningioma consistency and surgical outcomes.

Objective: Tumor consistency, or fibrosity, affects the ability to optimally resect meningiomas, especially with recent trends evolving toward minimally invasive approaches. The authors' team previously validated a practical 5-point scale for intraoperative grading of meningioma consistency. The impact of meningioma consistency on surgical management and outcomes, however, has yet to be explored.

Associations between iKaluk/Arctic charr () and estuarine benthic diatom habitats in nearshore Nunatsiavut waters.

Unlabelled: iKaluk, Inuttitut for Arctic charr (), holds significant commercial and cultural value for Inuit communities throughout Nunatsiavut. Studies evaluating iKaluk habitat associations in freshwater are plentiful; however, there is limited information on the ecological makeup and sediment characteristics of anadromous charr habitats in marine environments. This study investigated the benthic associations of Arctic charr during their marine residency period in Nain, Nunatsiavut, using underwater videos, harvester-identified fishing locations, and acoustic telemetry.

Genomic architecture and population structure of Boreogadus saida from Canadian waters.

The polar cod, Boreogadus saida, is an abundant and ubiquitous forage fish and a crucial link in Arctic marine trophic dynamics. Our objective was to unravel layers of genomic structure in B. saida from Canadian waters, specifically screening for potential hybridization with the Arctic cod, Arctogadus glacialis, large chromosomal inversions, and sex-linked regions, prior to interpreting population structure.

A new species of holothuroid from the Labrador Sea (eastern Canada): sp. nov. (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida, Sclerodactylidae).

A new species of holothuroid, (order Dendrochirotida and family Sclerodactylidae), was discovered off the coast of Labrador (eastern Canada) at a depth of 740-969 m. Two specimens were described based on morphological and genetic parameters. Distinctive characters included pinkish body colour, presence of tube feet on a 'tail', supporting rod-shaped ossicles in the tube feet, and rod-shaped ossicles in the tentacles.

Incidence of brain metastasis according to patient race and primary cancer origin: a systematic review.

Purpose: A systematic review was conducted to investigate differences in incidence and primary origin of synchronous brain metastasis (sBM) in varying racial groups with different primary cancers.

Methods: Adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines a search was conducted using PubMed and Ovid databases for publications from January 2000 to January 2023, with search terms including combinations of "brain metastasis," "race," "ethnicity," and "incidence." Three independent reviewers screened for inclusion criteria encompassing studies clearly reporting primary cancer sites, patient demographics including race, and synchronous BM (sBM) incidence.

ChatENT: Augmented Large Language Model for Expert Knowledge Retrieval in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Objective: The recent surge in popularity of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has showcased their proficiency in medical examinations and potential applications in health care. However, LLMs possess inherent limitations, including inconsistent accuracy, specific prompting requirements, and the risk of generating harmful hallucinations. A domain-specific model might address these limitations effectively.