Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma of the Breast by Race and Ethnicity.

Importance: The incidence rate of primary breast anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), a complication associated with breast implants, is rapidly rising in the US. Comprehensive studies on the racial and ethnic epidemiologic characteristics of ALCL in the US are lacking, despite evidence of worldwide geographic variability.

Objective: To characterize the incidence rates of breast ALCL by race and ethnicity in the US.

Rectal spacer use and overall long-term healthcare costs: payer perspective.

Introduction: Rectal spacers (RS), when used in prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radiotherapy (RT), reduce radiation dose to the rectum. While RS incur additional upfront cost, they may result in long-term cost-savings by reducing toxicity-related adverse events and associated medical costs. This study examined long-term pattern of insurer-paid healthcare costs among patients with and without polyethylene glycol hydrogel RS use.

Evaluation of the ESMO-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale version 1.1 for the treatment of extracranial oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer with radiosurgery.

Background: The European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) magnitude of clinical benefit (MCBS) version 1.1 is an evaluation scale that was developed to evaluate the magnitude of clinical benefit reported in clinical research studies of cancer treatments. The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) created joint guidelines for the use of local therapy in the management of extracranial oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Adaptive variant in Andeans is associated with improved ventilation and sleep phenotypes.

Highland groups have adapted to the extreme selective pressures of hypoxia at high altitude via alterations in the oxygen-transport cascade. , which encodes the catalytic subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), is a notable target of natural selection in Andeans and has been associated with protective fetal phenotypes in this population. AMPK is a universal cellular energy sensor involved in a multitude of physiological processes, including ventilation and the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in animal models.

Rectal spacer use and bowel, urinary, and sexual dysfunction diagnosis and related procedures among men receiving prostate radiotherapy: US county-level analysis.

Purpose: Clinical studies demonstrate the protective function of rectal spacers to mitigate side effects of radiotherapy (RT) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, large-scale real- world evidence is lacking. This study evaluates the association between rectal spacer use and the prevalence of bowel, urinary, and sexual dysfunction diagnoses and related procedures among PCa patients receiving RT in the US at the county level.

The use of generative artificial intelligence-based dictation in a neurosurgical practice: a pilot study.

Objective: Document dictation remains a significant clinical burden and generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems utilizing transformer-based technology offer efficient speech processing methods that could streamline clinical documentation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of generative AI in enhancing dictation efficiency and workflow within a targeted neurosurgical practice.

Methods: Ten operative reports from both cranial and spinal neurosurgical procedures were dictated and recorded by three independent physicians.

Association of Pathologic Response and Adjuvant Chemotherapy with Survival in Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Following Neoadjuvant Therapy.

In patients with curatively resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), evidence supporting the benefit of additional adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) remains limited. We aim to identify favorable factors contributing to survival benefits in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma after NACT. : This is a retrospective cohort study of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients who underwent NACT followed by curative surgical resection between 2008 and 2023 at a single academic institution.

Best Practice Guidelines for Neuromodulation in Pain Management: Insight From the Neuromodulation Society of Australia and New Zealand.

Objectives: The Neuromodulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (NSANZ) developed evidence-based best practice guidelines for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in chronic pain management. The primary objective was to provide clear guidance to support evidence-informed care across Australia and New Zealand, with a focus on patient selection, procedural techniques, and complication management.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, Trip Pro, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 2010 to July 2024.

Early Outcomes with a Flexible ECAP Based Closed Loop Using Multiplexed Spinal Cord Stimulation Waveforms-Single-arm Study with In-clinic Randomized Crossover Testing.

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) systems that deliver fixed amplitudes expose target tissue to varying electrical fields due to the changing lead-to-cord distance accompanying postural shifts and other body movements. Inconsistent stimulation results in periods of overstimulation or under-stimulation perceived by patients as discomfort or potentially inadequate pain relief. CL-SCS may be applied to provide a comfortable level of perception down to imperceptible stimulation, commonly preferred in higher frequency and multiplexed programming.

Targeting the KRAS Oncogene for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with KRAS mutations occurring in approximately 40% of cases. These mutations drive tumorigenesis through the constitutive activation of key signaling pathways, such as RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK (MAPK) and PI3K-AKT-mTOR, contributing to therapeutic resistance and poor prognosis. Advances in molecular biology have led to significant breakthroughs, including the development of KRAS G12C inhibitors, such as sotorasib and adagrasib, which have shown promise in clinical trials.

Biomarker-Driven Approach to the Treatment of Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma.

The last 2 decades have seen a paradigm shift in the treatment landscape of metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas, with most of the progress occurring in recent years. Following the pivotal ToGA trial and the approval of trastuzumab for HER2-positive disease, the search for biomarkers has advanced exponentially. Currently, therapies are guided by key biomarkers such as HER2, PD-L1, dMMR/MSI-H, and, most recently, CLDN18.

National Institutes of Health Funding to Support Radiation Oncology Research: A Comparative Trend Analysis Over a Decade, 2011-2021.

Purpose: Funding to support radiation oncology discovery and research is essential for advancement in therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes for patients with cancer. We aimed to comprehensively characterize trends in National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding that supports radiation oncology research over time to identify trends, successes, and areas for improvement.

Methods And Materials: We queried the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results database to identify all awarded grants to support radiation oncology research conducted by principal investigators at academic centers, using 3 individual years as representative samples (2011, 2016, and 2021).

Salvage Radiosurgery After Brachytherapy for Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer With Real-Time Adaptive Motion Management Using Previously Implanted Brachytherapy Seeds as Fiducial Markers.

Locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy is a difficult clinical scenario. Focal therapy with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a promising treatment option. In this case report, we present the case of a male patient who underwent low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy many years ago and experienced a prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) avid local recurrence of prostate cancer with rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Improved oxygen saturation and acclimatization with bacteriotherapy at high altitude.

High altitude imposes physiological stress on the human body due to reduced oxygen availability, and options to improve acclimatization are limited. Seventeen participants underwent a randomized, doubled-blinded, placebo-controlled study to test the effects of a multi-strain probiotic on acclimatization to high altitude (3,800 m). The primary outcome was oxygen saturation (SpO) during both daytime and nighttime.

Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker of acute focal brain injury after high-intensity focused ultrasound thalamotomy.

The validation of brain injury biomarkers has encountered challenges such as the absence of pre-insult measurements, variability in injury timing and location, and inter-individual differences. In this study, we addressed these limitations by using magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) thalamotomy to assess plasma biomarker changes after an acute focal brain injury. This prospective study included 30 essential tremor and tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease patients undergoing MRgHIFU thalamotomy at a single academic institution.

Bowel Disorder Incidence and Rectal Spacer Use in Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy.

Importance: The polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel spacer (PHS) system temporarily separates the rectum from the prostate in patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCa).

Objective: To compare incidence of bowel disorders and related procedures in patients receiving RT with and without PHS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study used 4 datasets: Medicare 5% Standard Analytic Files, Medicare 100% Standard Analytic Files, Merative MarketScan Commercial Database, and Premier Healthcare Database.

Mediators of Racial Inequities in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Care.

Background: Black patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are more often diagnosed at a later stage and receive inadequate evaluation and treatment compared to White patients. We aimed to identify factors representing exposure to structural racism that mediate the association between race and NSCLC care.

Methods: We queried Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare for non-Hispanic Black and White patients ≥ 67 years diagnosed with NSCLC from 2013 to 2019.

Outcomes with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Therapy Related Myeloid Neoplasms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN), which include acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS), and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms are secondary malignancies occurring as a late complication following chemotherapy or radiation therapy for an antecedent disorder. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative treatment option in t-MN patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the outcomes of allo-HCT in t-MN.

Detecting Early Recurrence With Circulating Tumor DNA in Stage I-III Biliary Tract Cancer After Curative Resection.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess (1) the prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and (2) the ability of ctDNA to detect recurrence compared with standard surveillance in curatively resected early-stage biliary tract cancer (BTC).

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter cohort study evaluated serial ctDNA testing for surveillance in patients with early-stage BTC after curative resection. We evaluated the relapse-free survival (RFS) by ctDNA positivity.

Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients Aged 70 Years and Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potential cure for many hematological malignancies. Historically, older adults were not considered eligible for allo-HCT due to increased toxicity and mortality concerns. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the outcomes of allo-HCT in patients aged 70 years or older.