Quantitative proteomic analysis of the Toxoplasma gondii cytoskeleton and bioinformatic identification of highly antigenic proteins.

The Toxoplasma gondii cytoskeleton is a highly organized structure essential for parasite motility, replication, and host cell invasion. To identify its components, a highly enriched fraction of tachyzoite cytoskeletons was obtained and quantitatively analyzed by mass spectrometry. We identified 623 proteins classified into 18 functional groups, including 30 IMC proteins, 34 cytoskeleton proteins, and 14 uncharacterized proteins.

Proteomic Analysis and Expression of Selected Genes During the Early Somatic Embryogenesis of L.

L. is a shrub of the Euphorbiaceae family with non-toxic varieties found in Mexico that holds significant potential for biofuel production and other industrial applications. However, its limited in vitro regenerative capacity is a barrier to the development of productive species.

Neuroprotective Proteins in Hypoxia-stressed Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.

Background: Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis advancements have generated extensive protein data from cells involved in neurodegenerative diseases. The field of neuroproteomics is expanding to include the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to identify potential biomarkers for disease prevention and endogenous factors involved in neuroprotection.

Methods: In this study, the cortical astrocytes in normoxia were cultured and subjected to hypoxic conditions and obtained astrocyte-derived EVs released in supernatant separately then performed label- free mass spectrometry-based proteomics of these EVs to determine which is the effect of the hypoxic event on the cargo proteins.

Proteomic Analysis of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells Treated with CBD Reveals Proteins Associated with the Reversal of Their Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by IL-1β.

Cannabidiol (CBD) has shown promise in treating cancers with an inflammatory microenvironment. Although it has been demonstrated that IL-1β induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MCF-7 cells and CBD reverts this process, in restoring the epithelial non-invasive phenotype, there is limited understanding of how this cannabinoid regulates these processes. In this work, MCF-7 cells were induced to adopt an aggressive phenotype (6D cells), which was reversed by CBD.

Detection and identification of highly antigenic proteins from cytoskeleton of Toxoplasma gondii by immune-proteomics.

Research on the immunogenic molecules of Toxoplasma is a key priority in the development of protective vaccines against the parasite. In the present study, we analyzed the profile of immunorecognized proteins from the Toxoplasma cytoskeleton using sera from patients with both acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. The immunorecognized spots were analyzed by mass spectrometry and characterized by bioinformatic methods, leading to the identification of a total of 313 proteins.

A Fraction of Bacteria Induces an Increase in the Secretion of Extracellular Vesicle Polydispersity in Macrophages: Possible Involvement of Secreted EVs in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 with Bacterial Coinfections.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can transport molecules that combat viruses, such as RNA against SARS-CoV-2. Bacterial coinfections can help establish certain viruses and worsen diseases. Thus, we designed a model to induce the secretion of polydisperse EVs shown with SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial coinfection using macrophages and fractions as in vitro inducers.

Genomic and proteomic analyses of Nus-dependent non-lambdoid phages reveal a novel coliphage group prevalent in gut: mEp.

Introduction: Nus-dependent Mexican phages (mEp) were previously isolated from clinical samples of human feces. Approximately 50% corresponded to non-lambdoid temperate phages integrating a single immunity group, namely immunity I (mEp), and these were as prevalent as the lambdoid phages identified in such collection.

Methods: In this work, we present the structural and functional characterization of six representative mEp phages (mEp010, mEp013, mEp021, mEp044, mEp515, and mEp554).

Trypanosoma cruzi has Two Peptidyl-tRNA Hydrolases Showing Different Localization and Function.

Purpose: Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (Pth), first described in Escherichia coli, is responsible for rescuing stalled ribosomes during peptidyl-tRNA "drop off". Bacterial Pth has been widely studied, but the characterization of eukaryotic Pth remains a poorly researched field, especially in protozoan parasites. This work aimed to characterize Trypanosoma cruzi Pths and determine their localization.

Transforming Growth Factor-β Modulates Cancer Stem Cell Traits on CD44 Subpopulations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a formidable malignancy, with growing interest in identifying cancer stem cells (CSCs) as potential therapeutic targets. CD44 isoforms have emerged as promising CSC markers in HCC, often associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). However, the intricate relationship between CSC traits, CD44 isoforms, and TGF-β effects on CD44 subpopulations in HCC remains unclear.

Adipocytes reprogram the proteome of breast cancer cells in organotypic three-dimensional cell cultures.

While epidemiological evidence has long linked obesity with an increased risk of breast cancer, the intricate interactions between adipocytes and cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment remain largely uncharted territory. The use of organotypic three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures that more accurately mimic the spatial architecture of tumors represents an innovative approach to this complex issue. In the present study, we investigated the effects of adipocytes on the proteome of Hs578t breast cancer cells cultured in a 3D microenvironment.

Identification of dystrophin Dp71d-associated proteins in PC12 cells by quantitative proteomics.

Dystrophin Dp71 is essential for the development of the nervous system. Its alteration is associated with intellectual disability. Different Dp71 isoforms are generated by alternative splicing; however, their functions have not been fully described.

Label-free quantitative proteomics in serum reveals candidate biomarkers associated with low bone mineral density in Mexican postmenopausal women.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a public health problem leading to an increased risk of fractures, negatively impacting women's health. The absence of sensitive and specific biomarkers for early detection of osteoporosis represents a substantial challenge for improving patient management. Herein, we aimed to identify potential candidate proteins associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women from the Mexican population.

Extracellular vesicles from neural progenitor cells promote functional recovery after stroke in mice with pharmacological inhibition of neurogenesis.

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) of the subventricular zone proliferate in response to ischemic stroke in the adult mouse brain. Newly generated cells have been considered to influence recovery following a stroke. However, the mechanism underlying such protection is a matter of active study since it has been thought that proliferating NPCs mediate their protective effects by secreting soluble factors that promote recovery rather than neuronal replacement in the ischemic penumbra.

Venom comparisons of endemic and micro-endemic speckled rattlesnakes Crotalus mitchellii, C. polisi and C. thalassoporus from Baja California Peninsula.

A high diversity of rattlesnake species can be found in the Baja California peninsula and the island of the Gulf of California, nevertheless, their venom has been poorly evaluated. The aim of this work was to present the first characterization of endemic Crotalus mitchellii, micro endemic C. polisi and C.

Expression Profiles of Kidney Mitochondrial Proteome during the Progression of the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction: Focus on Energy Metabolism Adaptions.

Kidney diseases encompass many pathologies, including obstructive nephropathy (ON), a common clinical condition caused by different etiologies such as urolithiasis, prostatic hyperplasia in males, tumors, congenital stenosis, and others. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rodents is an experimental model widely used to explore the pathophysiology of ON, replicating vascular alterations, tubular atrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis development. In addition, due to the kidney's high energetic demand, mitochondrial function has gained great attention, as morphological and functional alterations have been demonstrated in kidney diseases.

Identification of Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1) Overexpressed in Lung Cancer Cells, and Internalization of Magnetic Au-CoFeO Core-Shell Nanoparticles Functionalized with Its Ligand in a Cellular Model of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC).

Lung cancer is, currently, one of the main malignancies causing deaths worldwide. To date, early prognostic and diagnostic markers for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) have not been systematically and clearly identified, so most patients receive standard treatment. In the present study, we combine quantitative proteomics studies and the use of magnetic core-shell nanoparticles (mCSNP's), first to identify a marker for lung cancer, and second to functionalize the nanoparticles and their possible application for early and timely diagnosis of this and other types of cancer.

Proteomic Analysis of Exposed to Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide.

modulates the expression of its cell wall proteins (CWPs) in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the phagocytic cells of the human host, which allows it to evade and escape the immune system. In this study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of the CW of after exposure and nonexposure to HO. Several CWPs involved in CW remodeling and fungal pathogenesis that modulated their expression in response to this oxidizing agent were identified, as were a number of antioxidant enzymes and atypical CWPs, called moonlighting proteins, such as the Hsp70-5, lipase 1 (Lip1), enolase (Eno), and pyruvate kinase (Pk).

Proteomic characterization of the pellicle of Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most successful intracellular parasites in the world. The dynamic, adhesion, invasion, and even replication capabilities of Toxoplasma are based on dynamic machinery located in the pellicle, a three membrane complex that surrounds the parasite. Among the proteins that carry out these processes are inner membrane complex (IMC) proteins, gliding-associated proteins (GAP), diverse myosins, actin, tubulin, and SRS proteins.

Giardia intestinalis coiled-coil cytolinker protein 259 interacts with actin and tubulin.

Giardia intestinalis is a human parasite that causes a diarrheal disease in developing countries. G. intestinalis has a cytoskeleton (CSK) composed of microtubules and microfilaments, and the Giardia genome does not code for the canonical CSK-binding proteins described in other eukaryotic cells.

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of MARC-145 Cells Infected with a Mexican Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain Using a Label-Free Based DIA approach.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an infectious disease characterized by severe reproductive failure in sows, acute respiratory disorders in growing pigs, and high mortality in piglets. The causative agent of this syndrome is the PRRS virus (PRRSV), an RNA virus belonging to the Arteriviridae family. To date, several quantitative approaches of proteomics have been applied to analyze the gene expression profiles during PRRSV infection in PAMs and MARC-145 cells, and few proteins have been consistent among independent studies, probably due to the differences in the levels of virulence of different PRRSV strains used and/or due to analytical conditions.

Metabolic syndrome diminishes insulin-induced Akt activation and causes a redistribution of Akt-interacting proteins in cardiomyocytes.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, with insulin resistance as a critical component for its development. Insulin signaling in the heart leads to Akt (also known as PKB) activation, a serine/threonine protein kinase, which regulates cardiac glucose metabolism and growth. Cardiac metabolic inflexibility, characterized by impaired insulin-induced glucose uptake and oxidation, has been reported as an early and consistent change in the heart of different models of MetS and diabetes; however, the evaluation of Akt activation has yielded variable results.

Proteomic analysis of Sporothrix schenckii cell wall reveals proteins involved in oxidative stress response induced by menadione.

Sporotrichosis is an emergent subcutaneous mycosis that is a threat to both humans and other animals. Sporotrichosis is acquired by the traumatic implantation of species of the Sporothrix genus. Added to the detoxification systems, pathogenic fungi possess different mechanisms that allow them to survive within the phagocytic cells of their human host during the oxidative burst.

Intestinal response to dietary manganese depletion in Drosophila.

Manganese is considered essential for animal growth. Manganese ions serve as cofactors to three mitochondrial enzymes: superoxide dismutase (Sod2), arginase and glutamine synthase, and to glycosyltransferases residing in the Golgi. In Drosophila melanogaster, manganese has also been implicated in the formation of ceramide phosphoethanolamine, the insect's sphingomyelin analogue, a structural component of cellular membranes.