Toward compassionate communication: a rapid review on facilitating the dementia disclosure process.

Individuals with dementia and their care partners often report dissatisfaction with the disclosure process due to insufficient information and support. Healthcare providers face challenges in effective communication and connecting patients to post-diagnostic resources. To address these issues and emphasize person-centered communication, especially in diverse communities, we conducted a rapid systematic review consolidating preferences for dementia diagnosis disclosure from patients, care partners, and healthcare providers.

Empowering bioinformatics communities with Nextflow and nf-core.

Standardized analysis pipelines contribute to making data bioinformatics research compliant with the paradigm of Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability (FAIR), and facilitate collaboration. Nextflow and Snakemake, two popular command-line solutions, are increasingly adopted by users, complementing GUI-based platforms such as Galaxy. We report recent developments of the nf-core framework with the new Nextflow Domain-Specific Language (DSL2).

Leveraging AI to Optimize Maintenance of Health Evidence and Offer a One-Stop Shop for Quality-Appraised Evidence Syntheses on the Effectiveness of Public Health Interventions: Quality Improvement Project.

Background: Health Evidence provides access to quality appraisals for >10,000 evidence syntheses on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of public health and health promotion interventions. Maintaining Health Evidence has become increasingly resource-intensive due to the exponential growth of published literature. Innovative screening methods using artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially improve efficiency.

Assessing the Data Quality Dimensions of Surgical Oncology Cohorts in the Research Program.

Purpose: Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Mapping electronic health record (EHR) data to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP CDM) may standardize data structure and allow for multiple database oncology studies. However, the number of oncology studies produced with the OMOP CDM has been low.

Genomic Analysis of Hair Sheep From West/Central Africa Reveals Unique Genetic Diversity and Ancestral Links to Breed Formation in the Caribbean.

Cameroon Blackbelly sheep are a domestic breed of hair sheep from West/Central Africa. They are popular with small-holder farmers in Cameroon as they are highly resilient to local environmental challenges and are prolific a-seasonal breeders. The aim of this study was to characterise the genetics of Cameroon Blackbelly sheep in relation to global sheep populations and to investigate their relationship to Caribbean hair sheep.

Clinical, Histological and Genetic Characterisation of a Disorder of Sexual Development in a Pygmy Goat.

A 10-month-old pygmy goat was examined at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies at the University of Edinburgh in January 2022, having been referred with a suspected diagnosis of a disorder of sexual development (DSD). The animal displayed a predominantly female phenotype (vulva with enlarged clitoris and vagina) but some male external characteristics such as a beard, larger body size, and larger horns. It also typically exhibits male behaviours such as mounting, aggression, and flehmen response.

KLF2 inhibition expands tumor-resident T cells and enhances tumor immunity.

Tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells (Trm) constitute a distinct population of non-circulating memory T cells vastly exceeding the number of circulating T cells, and play a pivotal role in protective immunity against pathogens. How to promote the generation of vaccine specific Trm remains an important challenge. Whether Trm contribute also to immune control of tumors or just correlate with an unrelated process linked to clinical outcome has not been unequivocally established, and phenotypic markers such as co-expression of CD69 and CD103 or CD49a integrins commonly used to monitor tumor infiltrating Trm do not unambiguously define this subset.

Effects of candidate genes on milk fat synthesis in ruminants: A meta-analysis.

Milk fat content is a polygenic commercially important quantitative trait in ruminants. In recent decades, an increasing number of genes involved in milk fat synthesis have been identified through GWAS and validated using functional assays, such as gene knockdown or overexpression. However, functional validation assays have been limited to a small number of related genes, yielding insufficient data to fully understand the biological processes in milk fat synthesis.

Integrative genomics sheds light on the immunogenetics of tuberculosis in cattle.

Mycobacterium bovis causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB), an infectious disease of cattle that represents a zoonotic threat to humans. Research has shown that the peripheral blood (PB) transcriptome is perturbed during bTB disease but the genomic architecture underpinning this transcriptional response remains poorly understood. Here, we analyse PB transcriptomics data from 63 control and 60 confirmed M.

The Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) Project.

Genetic mutation and drift, coupled with natural and human-mediated selection and migration, have produced a wide variety of genotypes and phenotypes in farmed animals. We here introduce the Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) Project, which aims to elucidate the genetic determinants of gene expression across 16 terrestrial and aquatic domestic species under diverse biological and environmental contexts. For each species, we aim to collect multiomics data, particularly genomics and transcriptomics, from 50 tissues of 1,000 healthy adults and 200 additional animals representing a specific context.

Meta-analyses of the global impact of non-antibiotic feed additives on livestock performance and health.

Introduction: The impact of non-antibiotic feed additives on livestock performance and health is contingent upon a multitude of variables, including the animal species, dosage and type of feed additives, and duration of oral administration. However, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the relationship between these factors and the performance of livestock animals.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to conduct a global meta-analysis based on a pool of empirical studies to investigate the effects of dietary additives on growth, production, blood metabolites, immunity, intestinal morphology, and the abundance of gut microbiota in livestock.

Assessing the Data Quality Dimensions of Partial and Complete Mastectomy Cohorts in the Research Program: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Breast cancer is prevalent among females in the United States. Nonmetastatic disease is treated by partial or complete mastectomy procedures. However, the rates of those procedures vary across practices.

A Developmental Gene Expression Atlas Reveals Novel Biological Basis of Complex Phenotypes in Sheep.

Sheep (Ovis aries) represent one of the most important livestock species for global animal protein and wool production. However, little is known about the genetic and biological basis of ovine phenotypes, particularly those with high economic value and environmental impact. Here, by integrating 1413 RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) samples from 51 distinct tissues across 14 developmental time points, representing early-prenatal, late-prenatal, neonatal, lamb, juvenile, adult, and elderly stages, we constructed a high-resolution Developmental Gene Expression Atlas (dGEA) in sheep.

What happened next? A survey of review clients evaluating impacts of rapid reviews.

Objectives: End-user evaluation of the impact of evidence syntheses is critical to demonstrating value. This study presents results of a survey evaluating the impact of rapid reviews undertaken by two teams based in Melbourne, Australia, and Hamilton, Canada.

Methods: Clients were invited to participate in a short written survey following delivery of a rapid review.

Distinct Inflammatory Programs Underlie the Intramuscular Lipid Nanoparticle Response.

Developments in mRNA/lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology have advanced the fields of vaccinology and gene therapy, raising questions about immunogenicity. While some mRNA/LNPs generate an adjuvant-like environment in muscle tissue, other mRNA/LNPs are distinct in their capacity for multiple rounds of therapeutic delivery. We evaluate the adjuvancy of components of mRNA/LNPs by phenotyping cellular infiltrate at injection sites, tracking uptake by immune cells, and assessing the inflammatory state.

Analysis of genotyping data reveals the unique genetic diversity represented by the breeds of sheep native to the United Kingdom.

Background: Sheep breeds native to the United Kingdom exhibit a striking diversity of different traits. Some of these traits are highly sustainable, such as seasonal wool shedding in the Wiltshire Horn, and are likely to become more important as pressures on sheep production increase in coming decades. Despite their clear importance to the future of sheep farming, the genetic diversity of native UK sheep breeds is poorly characterised.

Application of a Data Quality Framework to Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Using Electronic Health Record Data From the Research Program.

Purpose: The specific aims of this paper are to (1) develop and operationalize an electronic health record (EHR) data quality framework, (2) apply the dimensions of the framework to the phenotype and treatment pathways of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) using Research Program data, and (3) propose and apply a checklist to evaluate the application of the framework.

Methods: We developed a framework of five data quality dimensions (DQD; completeness, concordance, conformance, plausibility, and temporality). Participants signed a consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act authorization to share EHR data and responded to demographic questions in the Basics questionnaire.

Evidence-informed decision-making in public health in Canada: a qualitative exploration.

Introduction: Evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM) plays a vital role in public health practice. Canada has invested in support for evidence-informed approaches in public health. Despite growing expectations for EIDM, evidence integration has not been thoroughly evaluated.

The Ruminant Telomere-to-Telomere (RT2T) Consortium.

Telomere-to-telomere (T2T) assemblies reveal new insights into the structure and function of the previously 'invisible' parts of the genome and allow comparative analyses of complete genomes across entire clades. We present here an open collaborative effort, termed the 'Ruminant T2T Consortium' (RT2T), that aims to generate complete diploid assemblies for numerous species of the Artiodactyla suborder Ruminantia to examine chromosomal evolution in the context of natural selection and domestication of species used as livestock.

Brexpiprazole for Agitation Associated With Dementia Due to Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive and functional decline. Nearly all patients with AD develop neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs). Agitation is one of the most distressing and challenging NPS.

Characterisation of phenotypic patterns in equine exercise-associated myopathies.

Background: Equine exercise-associated myopathies are prevalent, clinically heterogeneous, generally idiopathic disorders characterised by episodes of myofibre damage that occur in association with exercise. Episodes are intermittent and vary within and between affected horses and across breeds. The aetiopathogenesis is often unclear; there might be multiple causes.

Features of databases that supported searching for rapid evidence synthesis during COVID-19: implications for future public health emergencies.

Background: As evidence related to the COVID-19 pandemic surged, databases, platforms, and repositories evolved with features and functions to assist users in promptly finding the most relevant evidence. In response, research synthesis teams adopted novel searching strategies to sift through the vast amount of evidence to synthesize and disseminate the most up-to-date evidence. This paper explores the key database features that facilitated systematic searching for rapid evidence synthesis during the COVID-19 pandemic to inform knowledge management infrastructure during future global health emergencies.

Review of valiltramiprosate (ALZ-801) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a novel small molecule with disease modifying potential.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration, functional impairments, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Valiltramiprosate is a tramiprosate prodrug being investigated as a novel treatment for AD.

Areas Covered: The online databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.

BTK drives neutrophil activation for sterilizing antifungal immunity.

We describe a previously unappreciated role for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) in fungal immune surveillance against aspergillosis, an unforeseen complication of BTK inhibitors (BTKi) used for treating B cell lymphoid malignancies. We studied BTK-dependent fungal responses in neutrophils from diverse populations, including healthy donors, patients who were treated with BTKi, and X-linked agammaglobulinemia patients. Upon fungal exposure, BTK was activated in human neutrophils in a TLR2-, Dectin-1-, and FcγR-dependent manner, triggering the oxidative burst.