Prevalence of phantom eye syndrome following eye removal: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To determine the literature-pooled prevalence of phantom eye syndrome (PES) following eye removal, including phantom vision (PV), phantom pain (PP), or phantom non-visual non-painful (PNVNP) sensations.

Methods: Databases were searched from inception to March 12 2025. A systematic review and meta-analysis of PES prevalence and risk factors was conducted.

The Diagnostic Yield of Antiacetylcholine Receptor Antibodies Versus Antimuscle Kinase Antibodies in Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies targeting postsynaptic proteins at the neuromuscular junction, leading to weakness and fatigability of the levator palpebrae superioris, orbicularis oculi and extraocular muscles. Although OMG is primarily a clinical diagnosis, serological antibody testing, predominantly acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies, is usually performed. The clinical utility of muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) antibodies is less well established in OMG.

Mixed Reality Glasses with Picture-in-Picture Navigation for Patients with Homonymous Hemianopic Visual Field Loss.

Background: The visual rehabilitation options for patients with homonymous hemianopia (HH) are limited. We developed prototype software for commercially available mixed reality glasses (MRG) to help patients with HH better navigate their visual environment.

Methods: Unlike virtual reality, mixed reality allows users to see the actual environment with superimposed holograms.

Periocular Aging Across Populations and Esthetic Considerations: A Narrative Review.

As the face ages, the skin, fat, muscle, and fascia descend, and the underlying bone, cartilage, and teeth may lose mass. Oculofacial aging is a multifactorial process that is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This review summarizes the patterns of oculofacial aging that are observed across populations, including variations in periorbital hollowing, eyelid ptosis, and skin elasticity.

Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Hand and Peripheral Nerve Injuries: An Evaluation of ChatGPT and the Isabel Differential Diagnosis Generator.

Purpose: Tools using artificial intelligence may help reduce missed or delayed diagnoses and improve patient care in hand surgery. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the performance of two natural language processing programs, Isabel and ChatGPT-4, in diagnosing hand and peripheral nerve injuries from a set of clinical vignettes.

Methods: Cases from a virtual library of hand surgery case reports with no history of trauma or previous surgery were included in this study.

ChatGPT and retinal disease: a cross-sectional study on AI comprehension of clinical guidelines.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) large language model, ChatGPT (version 4.0), for common retinal diseases, in accordance with the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Preferred Practice Pattern (PPP) guidelines.

Design: A cross-sectional survey study design was employed to compare the responses made by ChatGPT to established clinical guidelines.

Gender, Race, and Ethnicity of US Academic Ophthalmology Faculty and Department Chairs From 1966 to 2021.

Importance: Workforce diversity is integral to optimal function within health care teams.

Objective: To analyze gender, race, and ethnicity trends in rank and leadership among US full-time academic ophthalmology faculty and department chairs between 1966 and 2021.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included full-time US academic ophthalmology faculty and department chairs registered in the Association of American Medical Colleges.

Gender inclusivity of ophthalmology journal submission guidelines and associated research metrics.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of inclusive author submission guidelines across ophthalmology journals.

Methods: Journals were identified from the 2021 Journal Citations Report (Clarivate Analytics). Independent reviewers rated each author submission guideline as "inclusive" for satisfying at-least one of six criteria: i) included examples of gender inclusive language; ii) recommended the use of gender-inclusive language; iii) distinguished between sex and gender; iv) provided educational resources on gender-inclusive language; v) provided a policy permitting name changes (e.

Evaluating ChatGPT on Orbital and Oculofacial Disorders: Accuracy and Readability Insights.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy and readability of responses generated by the artificial intelligence model, ChatGPT (version 4.0), to questions related to 10 essential domains of orbital and oculofacial disease.

Methods: A set of 100 questions related to the diagnosis, treatment, and interpretation of orbital and oculofacial diseases was posed to ChatGPT 4.

Exploring the potential utility of AI large language models for medical ethics: an expert panel evaluation of GPT-4.

Integrating large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 into medical ethics is a novel concept, and understanding the effectiveness of these models in aiding ethicists with decision-making can have significant implications for the healthcare sector. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of GPT-4 in responding to complex medical ethical vignettes and to gauge its utility and limitations for aiding medical ethicists. Using a mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey approach, a panel of six ethicists assessed LLM-generated responses to eight ethical vignettes.

The Isabel Differential Diagnosis Generator for Orbital Diagnosis.

Purpose: The Isabel differential diagnosis generator is one of the most widely known electronic diagnosis decision support tools. The authors prospectively evaluated the utility of Isabel for orbital disease differential diagnosis.

Methods: The terms "proptosis," "lid retraction," "orbit inflammation," "orbit tumour," "orbit tumor, infiltrative" and "orbital tumor, well-circumscribed" were separately input into Isabel and the results were tabulated.

A technique for excisional optic nerve biopsy.

Purpose: To describe a transconjunctival technique for full-thickness (excisional) optic nerve biopsy.

Method: A medial transconjunctival approach to the optic nerve with disinsertion of the medial rectus is used. A small right-angle Mixter forcep is used to clamp the optic nerve far posteriorly, and then a microscalpel is directed metal-on-metal to cut the posterior optic nerve.

The use of an analytic hierarchy process to promote equity, diversity and inclusion.

Equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) are increasingly important directives in medicine that add further complexity to adjudications. The analytic hierarchy process is proposed as a tool for multicriteria decision-making that can facilitate the incorporation of EDI directives, especially for collective, group determinations.

A Survey-Weighted Analytic Hierarchy Process to Quantify Authorship.

Background: Authorship is a pinnacle activity in academic medicine that often involves collaboration and a mentor-mentee relationship. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors criteria for authorship (ICMJEc) are intended to prevent abuses of authorship and are used by more than 5500 medical journals. However, the binary ICMJEc have not yet been quantified.

Gender and editorship in oculoplastics societal publications.

Purpose: The editorship of medical journals is a leadership role that can affect recognition and career advancement. We determine the gender representation of the editorial boards of oculoplastic surgery journals in comparison to the proportion of women in oculoplastics societies.

Methods: The gender composition of the American, European and Asia-Pacific societies of oculoplastic and reconstructive surgery and the editorial boards of their respective society journals were determined with online searches in March 2021.