Sustained Release of Underpotential Deposition Initiators for Ah-Level Zinc Metal Batteries.

Electrolyte additives effectively stabilize aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), yet their depletion during long-term cycling leads to eventual battery failure. Here, we address this common issue through sustained release of underpotential deposition initiators from an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to achieve the long-term operation. This SEI, comprising nickel hydroxide and nickel-2-methylimidazole complexes embedded in a hydrophobic dodecylphosphonic acid (DPA) monolayer via ion-layer epitaxy, releases Ni ions on-demand when local pH rises due to corrosion.

Synthesis of NiO/BiO composite nanosheets and their photocatalytic CO reduction performance.

The development of catalysts for photocatalytic reduction of CO is of great significance for addressing the excessive emission of CO. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of NiO/BiO composite nanoflakes and used them for photocatalytic CO reduction. Among them, Ni/Bi-30 exhibits the best CO reduction activity with a CO generation rate of 10.

Identification of gut microbial bile acid metabolic enzymes via an AI-assisted pipeline.

The modifications of bile acids (BAs) are fundamental to their role in host physiology and pathology. Identifying their synthetases is crucial for uncovering the diversity of BAs and developing targeted interventions, yet it remains a significant challenge. To address this hurdle, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted workflow, bile acid enzyme announcer unit tool (BEAUT), which predicted over 600,000 candidate BA metabolic enzymes that we compiled into the human generalized microbial BA metabolic enzyme (HGBME) database (https://beaut.

High-throughput screening accelerated by machine learning for the morphology of silica nanoparticles with high cell permeability.

In recent years, silica nanoparticles have garnered tremendous attention as drug-delivery carriers. However, the cell permeability of nanoparticles remains a major obstacle that limits the drug-delivery efficiency of drug carriers. It is a common practice to regulate the low-dimensional characteristics of nanoparticles, such as charge and size, to promote their permeability.

High Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells via Heteroatom-Containing Multifunctional Spiro Self-Assembled Monolayers.

In inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the arrangement of self-assembled hole-transporting monolayers (SAMs) on substrates and their interaction with perovskite layer are critical for device efficiency and stability. Herein, two spiro SAMs are developed by introducing O and S atoms into the structure, named Spiro-O and Spiro-S, respectively. On one hand, the unique orthogonal molecular configuration of the spiro structure weakens intermolecular π-π interactions, thereby inhibiting molecular aggregation.

Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Made by Using a Vapor-Assisted Hot Crystallization Method in Air.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieve remarkable progress in recent years. However, their commercialization remains hindered by conventional fabrication processes that require antisolvent and prolonged annealing, which compromises scalability and cost-effectiveness. In this study, a vapor-assisted hot crystallization method is proposed, in which a vapor atmosphere is applied during the crystallization process to improve quality of perovskite films.

Designing Nonplanar Electron Acceptors for High-Performance Organic Photodetectors: Mechanism Analysis and Application in Gesture Recognition.

Realizing low dark current density () while maintaining high photoresponse is crucial yet challenging for organic photodetectors (OPDs). In this work, two nonplanar small molecule electron acceptors, BTTPCN-F and BTTPCN-Cl, were developed. The OPDs based on them achieved ultralow down to 2.

What Makes Au Nanospheres Superior to Octahedral and Cubic Counterparts for the Deposition of a Pt Monolayer Shell?

This study demonstrates that Au nanospheres are advantageous over their octahedral and cubic counterparts as seeds in the synthesis of Au@Pt core-shell nanocrystals with a monolayer shell. In combination with experimental characterization, we show through training a machine-learned interatomic potential that the Au nanospheres exhibit a large fraction of low-coordination atoms which are uniformly distributed over the surface. The corresponding high-index facets, including {211}, {311}, {331}, {210}, and {310}, on a spherical seed promote nucleation while greatly shortening the diffusion distance for adatoms.

Anthracene-terminated, self-assembled hole-transport monolayer for perovskite solar cells.

A novel self-assembled hole-transport monolayer was designed and prepared with anthracene as the terminal group. It delivers a power conversion efficiency of 24.55% in perovskite solar cells along with superior device stability.

Antisolvent-Bathing Strategy with Ultra-Wide Processing Window for Making High-efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Air.

Most record-efficiency perovskite solar cells rely on spin-coating with antisolvent dripping, which is fundamentally incompatible with roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing. The crystallization kinetics of dynamic wet film during spin coating differs widely from the static wet film during R2R fabrication, which makes the existing crystallization control strategies become inapplicable while upscaling. The crystallization regulation of static wet film remains a critical challenge, particularly under ambient conditions.

Magnetic Capture of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes the Rapid Endothelialization of Peripheral Venous Stents in Rabbits.

The rapid development of an endothelium over venous stents is associated with improved clinical outcomes. In this study, we investigate an approach to rapidly endothelialize venous stents using magnetic cell capture. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells were generated from rabbit adipose tissue and labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

Endoscopic resection of colorectal laterally spreading tumors: Clinicopathologic characteristics and risk factors for treatment outcomes.

Background: Colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are best treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection.

Aim: To analyze the clinicopathological and endoscopic profiles of colorectal LSTs, determine predictive factors for high-grade dysplasia (HGD)/carcinoma (CA), submucosal invasion, and complications.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed the endoscopic and histological characteristics of 375 colorectal LSTs at our hospital between January 2016 and December 2023.

Fluorene-Carbazole Based Self-Assembled Hole Transport Monolayers for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been significantly improved due to the rapid development of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). SAMs with carbazole derivatives are widely used in inverted PSCs as a promising hole transport material. However, the uneven coverage of SAMs on rough substrates, interface losses caused by agglomeration, and energy level mismatch limit the further improvement of the device's PCE and stability.

Kruppel-like factor 9 may regulate the inflammatory injury of chondrocytes by affecting NF-κB signaling.

Background: Kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is involved in the development of osteoarthritis (OA), which is a chronic joint disorder. However, the pathogenesis of OA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between KLF9 and the pathogenesis of OA.

Synergistic effects of glycosylation and ginger essential oils on soy protein isolate - Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. gum composite films for chilled grass carp preservation.

This study investigated the impact of glycosylation modification on the structural and functional properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) and its ability to enhance the antibacterial and antioxidant performance of packaging films containing ginger essential oil (GEO). Four glycosylated protein conjugates (PGC1, PGC2, PGC3, and PGC4) were synthesized using glucose-induced glycosylation reactions at varying weight ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2). Glycosylation improved SPI's solubility, emulsifying activity, stability, water-holding capacity, and oil-holding capacity.

RhTSH in aiding dynamic assessment in patients with differentiated thyroid Cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (ZGrhTSH) as an alternative to thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) in dynamic assessment of DTC patients.

Methods: This phase 3, open-label, multicenter trial, conducted across 27 sites in China, employed a self-controlled design to enroll patients. Eligible patients had previously undergone total or near-total thyroidectomy, with or without RAI therapy.

Risk factors and predictive nomogram for non-curative resection in patients with early gastric cancer treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine independent clinicopathological factors that can predict submucosal invasion and non-curative resection (NCR) outcomes after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC).

Methods: Data were collected from consecutive patients who underwent gastric ESD at the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University between 2016 and 2023. A retrospective analysis was conducted using the chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis.

A microbial amino-acid-conjugated bile acid, tryptophan-cholic acid, improves glucose homeostasis via the orphan receptor MRGPRE.

Recently, microbial amino-acid-conjugated bile acids (MABAs) have been found to be prevalent in human samples. However, their physiological significance is still unclear. Here, we identify tryptophan-conjugated cholic acid (Trp-CA) as the most significantly decreased MABA in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its abundance is negatively correlated with clinical glycemic markers.

Active Passivation Charge Transport in n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells Approaching 26% Efficiency.

In n-i-p planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole transporting layer play a crucial role in realizing high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, a TiO-SDBA-SnO stacked ETL is reported, where 4,4'-sulfonyldibenzoic acid (SDBA) serves as an active passivation agent to suppress charge recombination and enhance interface quality. SDBA effectively passivates oxygen vacancies in sputtered TiO, while simultaneously promoting SnO nucleation and improving film quality.

Rational Synthesis of Uniform Au Nanospheres under One-Shot Injection: From Mechanistic Understanding to Experimental Control.

Gold nanospheres with uniform sizes greater than 30 nm are essential to quantitative lateral flow immunoassays for the rapid detection of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. However, scaling up their synthesis for commercial applications remains challenging due to the necessity to introduce the precursor dropwise. Herein, we report the synthesis of Au cubes with an edge length of 30 nm using one-shot injection of the precursor, followed by aging to transform the cubes into uniform spheres of 35 nm in diameter.

Screening and identification of AChE inhibitors from walnut kernel by a combination of bio-affinity ultrafiltration, AChE-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and UPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap MS.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is widely concerned as a hotspot target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to screen AChE inhibitors from walnut kernel (WK) through the techniques combined of bio-affinity ultrafiltration, AChE-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. The results showed that WK extract improved acetylcholine level and reduced AChE level in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mice with kidney yang deficiency.

Identification and expression analysis of genes related to chlorogenic acid synthesis in Wight.

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of phenylpropanoid. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is an important secondary metabolite in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway of plants. However, the role of the gene in CGA biosynthesis in Wight is still unclear.

AlNiCo Magnet with NdFeB-Nanocrystalline Phase Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering.

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy has many advantages over shape anisotropy regarding coercivity in permanent magnets, making it a promising approach to enhance the coercivity of AlNiCo magnets. In this work, AlNiCo magnets with NdFeB-nanocrystalline phase were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and the effect of the NdFeB phase on coercivity was uncovered. AlNiCo powder with a spinodal structure and NdFeB powder with a nanocrystalline structure, which exhibit shape anisotropy and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, respectively, were sintered by SPS.

Evaluation of FeMnN alloy bioresorbable flow diverting stents in the rabbit abdominal aorta.

Flow diverting stents are braided, metallic endoluminal devices widely used to treat intracranial aneurysms. Bioresorbable flow diverters (BRFDs) are gaining traction as the next generation of flow diverter technology. BRFDs aim to occlude and heal the aneurysm before safely dissolving into the body, mitigating or eliminating complications associated with the permanent presence of conventional flow diverters such as thromboembolism and stenosis.