Drivers of anoxia in a eutrophic lagoon with clams farming (Sacca di Goro Lagoon, Italy): risk evaluation via multivariate statistics and timescales analysis.

The anoxia risk in a shallow coastal lagoon (Sacca di Goro (SG), Italy) experiencing multiple pressures (clam aquaculture, anthropogenic nutrient inputs, climate change) was assessed by combining timescales of anoxia onset, benthic nutrient turnover, horizontal and vertical transport, multivariate statistics, and Geographic Information System (GIS). The biogeochemical and transport timescales were obtained by experimental measurements and physical modeling. To this purpose, daily oxygen (O) and nutrient fluxes [dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), ammonium (NH), dissolved reactive silica (SiO)] were measured in the benthic and pelagic compartments at six areas of the lagoon catching its complex spatial heterogeneity due to riverine and marine inputs, clams farming, depths, flushing and vertical exchange times, amount and quality of organic matter.

Biogeochemical modelling of a tropical coastal area undergoing seasonal upwelling and impacted by untreated submarine outfall.

A coupled 3D hydrodynamic-ecological model was applied to the Santa Marta Coastal Area (SMCA, Colombian Caribbean) to provide insights into the role of external stressors (e.g. wastewater outfall and upwelling) on the water quality and benthic - pelagic coupling.