Ovarian Cancer Metastasis to the Breast: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

Ovarian metastasis to the breast is extremely rare. The clinical and radiologic presentation of metastasis to the breast is nonspecific and can mimic primary breast cancers. The most common mammographic findings of ovarian metastasis are superficial, circumscribed, high-density masses without architectural distortion.

A Comparison of Radiography, X-Ray Tomosynthesis, and CT for Intraorbital Metallic Foreign Body Screening.

Objective: Before MRI examination, patients are often screened for intraorbital metallic foreign bodies (IMFBs) via questioning, clinical record review, and imaging when appropriate. This work compares the screening performance of digital radiography (DR), digital tomosynthesis (DT), and CT in detecting IMFBs composed of various metals and identifies their limits of detection.

Methods: Fragments of aluminum, steel, and cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide were produced.

Pre-Treatment Breast MRI: Clinical Indications, Outcomes, and Future Directions.

Breast MRI is the most sensitive modality for assessing the extent of disease in patients with newly-diagnosed breast cancer because it identifies clinically- and mammographically-occult breast cancers. Though highly sensitive, breast MRI has lower specificity that may result in false positive findings and potential overestimation of disease if additional MRI findings are not biopsied prior to surgery. It had been anticipated that the superior cancer detection rate of pre-treatment MRI would translate to improved immediate (surgical re-excision) and long-term patient outcomes such as breast cancer recurrence and survival rates, but studies have not necessarily supported this assumption.

Flipping the script: A multiyear assessment and comparison of flipped classroom versus traditional didactic teaching at two academic institutions.

Rationale And Objectives: Historically radiology resident education has taken the form of workstation and didactic teaching. Due to increasing clinical demand and administrative burden for academic radiologists, the need for more efficient and effective teaching has increased. Flipped classroom teaching, where trainees independently learn material prior to interactive teaching sessions with faculty, is a possible alternative.

Enhancing Early-Stage Breast Cancer Survivorship: Evidence-Based Strategies, Surveillance Testing, and Imaging Guidelines.

Addressing the challenges of survivorship necessitates a comprehensive, patient-centered approach, focusing on mitigating risk through lifestyle modification, identifying distant recurrence, and optimization of breast imaging. This article will discuss the current and emerging clinical strategies for the survivorship period, advocating a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach. In this manner, early-stage breast cancer survivors are empowered to navigate their journey with enhanced knowledge, facilitating a transition to life beyond cancer.

Preoperative Breast MRI: Current Evidence and Patient Selection.

Breast MRI is the most sensitive imaging modality for the assessment of newly diagnosed breast cancer extent and can detect additional mammographically and clinically occult breast cancers in the ipsilateral and contralateral breasts. Nonetheless, appropriate use of breast MRI in the setting of newly diagnosed breast cancer remains debated. Though highly sensitive, MRI is less specific and may result in false positives and overestimation of disease when MRI findings are not biopsied prior to surgical excision.

Comparative Performance of Contrast-enhanced Mammography, Abbreviated Breast MRI, and Standard Breast MRI for Breast Cancer Screening.

Background Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and abbreviated breast MRI (ABMRI) are emerging alternatives to standard MRI for supplemental breast cancer screening. Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of CEM, ABMRI, and standard MRI. Materials and Methods This single-institution, prospective, blinded reader study included female participants referred for breast MRI from January 2018 to June 2021.

Mucosal Immune Profiles Associated with Diarrheal Disease Severity in - and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-Infected Children Enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and are etiologic agents of diarrhea in children <5 years old living in resource-poor countries. Repeated bouts of infection lead to lifelong morbidity and even death. The goal of this study was to characterize local mucosal immune responses in - and EPEC-infected children <5 years of age with moderate to severe diarrhea (MSD) enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS).

Women and thyroid cancer incidence: overdiagnosis versus biological risk.

Purpose Of The Review: Our aim is to discuss the concepts of sex and gender in the context of thyroid cancer epidemiology.

Recent Findings: It has been long-established in global epidemiologic data that thyroid cancer incidence rates are higher in women than men. However, what has been less well understood is whether this reflects sex disparities in cancer susceptibility, gender disparities in detection, or a combination.

A gene-diet interaction controlling relative intake of dietary carbohydrates and fats.

Objective: Preference for dietary fat vs. carbohydrate varies markedly across free-living individuals. It is recognized that food choice is under genetic and physiological regulation, and that the central melanocortin system is involved.

It's a Two-Way Street: Giving and Receiving Feedback to the Unaware.

Giving and receiving constructive feedback is a valuable skill and an evolving process due to improved understanding and changes in culture. This article provides a practical review of key elements of effective feedback skills and strategies for providing constructive feedback, with a focus on how to address recipients who may have impaired insight into the issue at hand. Commonly known tips and tricks include direct, immediate, and specific feedback delivered in a safe setting and in a conversational manner.

When cardiomyopathy, cancer, and COVID-19 collide: A case report.

Malignancy has historically prohibited solid organ transplant; however, patients with effectively treated, favorable-risk cancers should not necessarily be eliminated as transplant candidates. These cases require careful review by a multidisciplinary team. Here, we report the case of a woman with end-stage heart failure undergoing heart transplant evaluation during the COVID pandemic who was found to have early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Audit: Pitfalls, Challenges, and Future Considerations.

Breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most sensitive imaging modality for breast cancer detection and guidelines recommend its use, in addition to screening mammography, for high-risk women. The most recent American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) manual coordinated cross-modality BI-RADS terminology and established an outcome monitoring section that helps guide a medical imaging outcomes audit. This article provides a framework for performing a breast MR imaging audit in clinical practice, incorporating ACR BI-RADS guidance and more recently published data, clarifies common pitfalls, and discusses audit challenges related to evolving clinical practice.

The Radiologist's Role in a Breast Multidisciplinary Tumor Board.

Breast multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) play an important role in determining treatment. This article serves as a guide for the radiologist participating in a breast MTB, as the information presented at MTB can significantly influence treatment plans and dictate future steps for further patient work-up. Multidisciplinary tumor board preparation involves a careful review of the patient's history while gathering all relevant imaging studies, and reinterpreting them when appropriate.

Effect of Doxycycline on Aneurysm Growth Among Patients With Small Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Abdominal aortic aneurysms affect more than 3% of US older adults.

Objective: To test whether doxycycline reduces the growth of abdominal aortic aneurysm over 2 years as measured by maximum transverse diameter.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Parallel, 2-group, randomized clinical trial that was conducted at 22 US clinical centers between May 2013 and January 2017, and enrolled patients 50 years or older with small (3.

A phased approach to implementing the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) in low-income and middle-income countries.

Background: Successful breast cancer detection programs rely on standardized reporting and interpreting systems, such as the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), to improve system performance. In low-income and middle-income countries, evolving diagnostic programs have insufficient resources to either fully implement BI-RADS or to periodically evaluate the program's performance, which is a necessary component of BI-RADS. This leads to inconsistent breast ultrasound interpretation and a failure to improve performance.

Asymptomatic carotid stenosis is associated with mobility and cognitive dysfunction and heightens falls in older adults.

Background: Atherosclerosis of the carotid bifurcation with plaque formation causes asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS), which may also be associated with cerebral hypoperfusion. Cerebral hypoperfusion adversely affects multiple aspects of mobility and cognition. This study tests the hypothesis that community-dwelling older adults with a 50% or greater diameter-reducing ACAS will have mobility and cognitive impairments that heighten their risk for falls.

The Impact of Preoperative Breast MRI on Surgical Management of Women with Newly Diagnosed Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.

Rationale And Objectives: Use of preoperative breast MRI (pMRI) to evaluate ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) extent is controversial due to limited data on its impact on surgical management. We sought to evaluate the effect of pMRI on surgical management of women with core needle biopsy (CNB)-diagnosed pure DCIS at a multidisciplinary academic institution.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included all women with CNB-diagnosed DCIS (1/2004-12/2013) without prior ipsilateral breast cancer and who underwent surgery within 180 days of diagnosis.

A Review of Innovative Teaching Methods.

Teaching is one of the important roles of an academic radiologist. Therefore, it is important that radiologists are taught how to effectively educate and, in turn, to act as role models of these skills to trainees. This is reinforced by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education which has the requirement that all residents who interact with and teach medical students must undergo training in effective methods of teaching.

Practical Presentation Pearls: Evidence-based Recommendations From the Psychology and Physiology Literature.

Oral presentations remain a common teaching method in academic radiology. The goal of these presentations is to transfer knowledge from the presenter's brain to brains in the audience in a way that sticks. A number of studies from the recent psychological and physiological literature offer some rather practical and evidence-based advice on ways to optimize our oral presentations.

Advances in Breast MRI in the Setting of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a pre-invasive breast malignancy with controversial clinical relevance and management. These lesions have increased in incidence with breast cancer screening programs and are associated with increasingly recognized clinical issues of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. This article discusses the imaging presentation of these lesions with emphasis on advances in breast MRI and its role in the management of DCIS.

Temporal Variability of Diversity in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Tanzanian Children with and without Exposure to Antibiotics.

The stability of the populations in the human gastrointestinal tract is not fully appreciated, and represents a significant knowledge gap regarding gastrointestinal community structure, as well as resistance to incoming pathogenic bacterial species and antibiotic treatment. The current study examines the genomic content of 240 isolates from 30 children, aged 2 to 35 months old, in Tanzania. The strains were isolated from three time points spanning a six-month time period, with and without antibiotic treatment.