Lithium-doped calcium silicate scaffolds-activated M2-polarized macrophage-derived miR-145-5p-riched extracellular vesicles to enhance osteoimmunomodulation for accelerating bone regeneration.

Bone healing is intricately associated with dynamic macrophage polarization. Modulating macrophages toward the M2 phenotype has emerged as a promising strategy in bone tissue engineering. Calcium silicate, known for its superior osteoconductivity, is widely used as a bone substitute and is particularly effective in promoting bone tissue regeneration when incorporated with bioactive ions.

Prediction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from Raman spectra by Artificial Intelligent Raman Detection and Identification System (AIRDIS) with machine learning.

Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) are two of the most important antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Early use of the correct treatment strategy can not only reduce patient mortality but also prevent the development of resistance. Although some rapid but costly techniques are available, routine workflows in clinical microbiology laboratories can sometimes take several days to deliver bacterial identification and resistance profiles.

Machine Learning for Detecting Iron Deficiency through Comprehensive Blood Analysis.

Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is a prevalent global health issue with a major impact on well-being. Early detection of ID is crucial but challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms and the limitations of traditional diagnostic tests, which are impractical for large-scale screening. This study proposes a machine learning (ML) approach using complete blood count (CBC) data and cell population data (CPD) for detecting ID in the general population.

Association of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors with Glaucoma Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Purpose: To investigate the association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects: A total of 582 710 patients with T2DM treated with either DPP4i (exposure group) or non-DPP4i medications (control group) were analyzed between 2008 and 2021.

Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the cervical spine: A case report.

Background: Epithelioid angiosarcoma (EA) is an aggressive, malignant endothelial-cell tumor of vascular or lymphatic origin. EA often arises from deep soft tissues such as pleura, breast, bone and gastrointestinal tract. It usually affects patients aged 60-70 years and is associated with high recurrence and metastasis rates with surgical resection as the primary treatment of choice.

Microvascular Complications and Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study.

: Microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cancer share biological pathways, including chronic inflammation, dysregulated angiogenesis, and endothelial dysfunction, yet their impact on cancer risk and mortality remains unclear. This study evaluated whether T2D patients with microvascular complications face increased cancer incidence or cancer-related mortality. : Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified individuals newly diagnosed with T2D (2008-2021) and assessed the outcomes with multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Diversity and longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population.

We addressed the underrepresentation of non-European populations in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) by building HiGenome, a large-scale genetic resource for the Taiwanese Han population. Using a custom genotyping array, we integrated deidentified electronic medical records (2003 to 2021) with genomic data to enable GWASs, phenome-wide association studies, and polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis. Among 413,000 participants, 323,397 passed ancestry and quality control filtering.

Traumatic vertebral artery transection injury: illustrative case.

Background: Vertebral artery injury (VAI) is a rare but serious condition, with an incidence of 0.24%-2% following blunt trauma and 1%-6% after penetrating injuries. Often asymptomatic, VAI carries significant risks, including ischemic strokes and severe neurological deficits, with symptoms appearing up to 6 months postinjury.

Beyond the blood-brain barrier: feasibility and technical validation of dual-compartment circulating tumor cells detection in high-grade glioma patients.

The elusive nature of brain tumor progression, hidden behind the blood-brain barrier, presents significant challenges for treatment monitoring in high-grade gliomas. In this feasibility study, we evaluate a novel approach to tracking glioblastoma through liquid biopsy, assessing whether tumor cells leave detectable molecular footprints in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Using the MiSelect R II System with specialized microfluidic technology, we analyzed paired blood and CSF samples from six glioblastoma patients, revealing a striking presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)- with higher abundance in CSF, where detection rates reached 100% compared to 83.

A New PD-L1 Nanobody Enhances Cell Death in Lung Cancer and .

Background/aim: The development of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) agents targeting programmed death protein 1(PD-1), PD-1 ligand (PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte- associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and CD40 has gained increasing interest in clinical cancer treatment. Among these targets, blocking of PD-1 binding to its ligand PD-L1 managed to induce immune responses and inhibit tumor growth. In this work, we aimed to screen a specific PD-L1 nanobody against human PD-L1, derived through phage display assay, and further study its biological characteristics and antitumor ability.

Immunomodulation effects of collagen hydrogel encapsulating extracellular vesicles derived from calcium silicate stimulated-adipose mesenchymal stem cells for diabetic healing.

Diabetic wounds are characterized by chronic inflammation, reduced angiogenesis, and insufficient collagen deposition, leading to impaired healing. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) offer a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy, yet their efficacy and immunomodulation can be enhanced through bioactivation. In this study, we developed calcium silicate (CS)-stimulated ADSC-derived EVs (CSEV) incorporated into collagen hydrogels to create a sustained-release system for promoting diabetic wound healing.

Effect of on neurological function in acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with high inflammation: A preliminary randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background And Aim: (AM) is a traditional Chinese herb. Our previous study revealed that AM can enhance neurological function in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to investigated the effects of AM on patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Increased Incidence of Surgical Intervention for Otitis Media With Effusion Among Patients With Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases.

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is associated with comorbidities such as allergic rhinitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthma, and more. Many of these comorbidities can be caused by type 2 inflammation (T2I). This study aims to determine the risk of undergoing OME surgery in patients with and without T2I disease.

Preliminary study of utilizing a patient derived tumor spheroid model to augment precision therapy in metastatic brain tumors.

Treating metastatic brain tumors remains a significant challenge. This study introduces and applies the Patient-Derived Tumor Spheroid (PDTS) system, an ex vivo model for precision drug testing on metastatic brain tumor. The PDTS system utilizes a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) derived from adipose tissue, combined with the tumor cells, to form tumor spheroids.

Liver Cirrhosis as a Predictor of Infection Risk in Patients Undergoing Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).

BACKGROUND Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery is a widely used procedure for managing hydrocephalus; however, postoperative infections remain a serious complication, increasing morbidity and mortality. Known risk factors include prior surgeries, steroid use, and concurrent procedures. However, the role of liver cirrhosis, a condition that compromises immune function and predisposes patients to infections, has not been fully investigated in the context of neurosurgery.

The Impact of Pay-for-Performance Care on the Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term effects of pay-for-performance (P4P) care in the geriatric population with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Design: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

Setting And Participants: A total of 6607 propensity score-matched pairs of patients with newly diagnosed T2D who received either P4P care or standard care as identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019.

Identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii from Raman spectra by Artificial Intelligent Raman Detection and Identification System (AIRDIS) with machine learning.

Background: Rapid and accurate identification of bacteria is required in order to develop effective treatment strategies. Traditional culture-based methods are time-consuming, while MALDI-TOF MS is expensive. The Raman spectroscopy, due to its relatively cost-effectiveness, offers a promising alternative for bacterial identification.

Targeting Dual Immune Checkpoints PD-L1 and HLA-G by Trispecific T Cell Engager for Treating Heterogeneous Lung Cancer.

Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints (ICPs), such as programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1), is used as a treatment option for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, overall response rate to anti-PD-L1 treatment is limited due to antigen heterogeneity and the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), an ICP as well as a neoexpressed tumor-associated antigen, is previously demonstrated to be a beneficial target in combination with anti-PD-L1.

Multimodal Management of Ruptured Internal Carotid Artery Blood Blister-like Aneurysm: Technical Notes and Case Series of Surgical Muscle Wrapping and Fenestration Clipping Combined with Flow-Diverter Embolization.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a multimodal management technique combining surgical muscle wrapping, clipping, and flow-diverter stent (FDS) placement in patients with ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) in the internal carotid artery (ICA).

Methods: In a retrospective case series review from 2020 to 2023, 3 patients with ruptured ICA BBAs underwent multimodal management, an approach combining muscle wrapping, surgical clipping, and FDS embolization. The aneurysm sac was initially packed and wrapped with multiple tailored temporalis muscle grafts and then secured using fenestration clips, with good preservation of the ICA branches.

Antihyperlipidemic drugs mitigate the elevated incidence of peptic ulcer disease caused by hyperlipidemia: A cohort study.

Background: Several risk factors for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) have been identified; however, the recurrence rate of PUD remains high even with standard ulcer treatments. High cholesterol levels have been proposed as a risk factor for PUD, but clinical evidence remains limited. Therefore, this database study investigated whether hyperlipidemia increases PUD risk and whether antihyperlipidemic drugs reduce this risk.

Design and Implementation of an Intensive Care Unit Command Center for Medical Data Fusion.

The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) are pivotal for the healthcare sector, especially as the world approaches an aging society which will be reached by 2050. This paper presents an innovative AIoT-enabled data fusion system implemented at the CMUH Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) to address the high incidence of medical errors in ICUs, which are among the top three causes of mortality in healthcare facilities. ICU patients are particularly vulnerable to medical errors due to the complexity of their conditions and the critical nature of their care.

Antihypertensive medication and dementia risk in patients with hypertension: A nationwide population-based study.

The claim between hypertension and dementia needs more evidence due to limited data. We aim to examine the risk of dementia in patients with hypertension, and determine whether the use of antihypertensive medications (AHMs) could decrease the incidence of dementia diagnosed following the onset of hypertension. We employed the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2016 and performed a retrospective cohort study.

Thiazolidinediones Decrease the Recurrence of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Preclinical evidence demonstrated the therapeutic potential of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present study conducted an investigation of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular outcomes following ICH in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with or without TZDs.

Methods: This retrospective nested case-control study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.