Clinical diagnosis and management of multiple cerebral ring-enhancing lesions-study of 50 patients at a tertiary healthcare center.

Aim Of The Study: Multiple ring-enhancing lesions are commonly experienced group of brain pathologies which we come across in day-to-day practice. Clinical symptoms in these lesions are quite non-specific, and hence, it is difficult to reach a final diagnosis. However, these lesions have a varied group of differential diagnosis and it is sometimes difficult to have an accurate diagnosis on conventional MRI.

Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, temsirolimus and torin 1, attenuate stemness-associated properties and expression of mesenchymal markers promoted by phorbol-myristate-acetate and oncostatin-M in glioblastoma cells.

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is crucial for tumor survival, proliferation, and progression, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In glioblastoma, activated mammalian target of rapamycin promotes invasive phenotype and correlates with poor patient survival. A wide range of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors are currently being evaluated for cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity in various tumor types but are not explored sufficiently for controlling tumor invasion and recurrence.

The role of transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic discectomy in lumbar disc herniations.

Objectives: To study 1)the efficacy of transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy in lumbar disc herniations.2) limitations and advantages of the surgical procedure. 3)morbidity and complications associated with the procedure.

Suppression of the invasive potential of Glioblastoma cells by mTOR inhibitors involves modulation of NFκB and PKC-α signaling.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumors in adults with survival period <1.5 years of patients. The role of mTOR pathway is documented in invasion and migration, the features associated with aggressive phenotype in human GBM.

Oncostatin-M differentially regulates mesenchymal and proneural signature genes in gliomas via STAT3 signaling.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant of the brain tumors is classified on the basis of molecular signature genes using TCGA data into four subtypes- classical, mesenchymal, proneural and neural. The mesenchymal phenotype is associated with greater aggressiveness and low survival in contrast to GBMs enriched with proneural genes. The proinflammatory cytokines secreted in the microenvironment of gliomas play a key role in tumor progression.

Secretory prostate apoptosis response (Par)-4 sensitizes multicellular spheroids (MCS) of glioblastoma multiforme cells to tamoxifen-induced cell death.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant form of brain tumor and is associated with resistance to conventional therapy and poor patient survival. Prostate apoptosis response (Par)-4, a tumor suppressor, is expressed as both an intracellular and secretory/extracellular protein. Though secretory Par-4 induces apoptosis in cancer cells, its potential in drug-resistant tumors remains to be fully explored.

Giant intradural intramedullary epidermoid cyst Report of two cases with varied presentations.

We report two cases with giant intramedullary epidermoid cysts in the thoracolumbosacral and lumbosacral regions with varied presentations. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the thoraco lumbar spine in case 1revealed an intramedullary elongated mass extending from T10 to S2 level causing significant widening of the spinal canal while MR imaging of lumbosacral spine in case 2 showed straightening of the lumbar spine and spina bifida at L5 level with conus at L3 and a lobulated long segment intramedullary solid cystic lesion extending from L2 to S2 veterbrae. The lesion was surgically resected and the pathology revealed an epidermoid cyst.

Expression and regulation of prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) in human glioma stem cells in drug-induced apoptosis.

Gliomas are the most common and aggressive of brain tumors in adults. Cancer stem cells (CSC) contribute to chemoresistance in many solid tumors including gliomas. The function of prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) as a pro-apoptotic protein is well documented in many cancers; however, its role in CSC remains obscure.