Activity of Antibacterial/Antifungal Compounds against the Protozoan Parasite, .

We investigated the antiparasitic activity of several antimicrobial drug leads against tachyzoites and, in one case, bradyzoites. Carbazole and phenylthiazole aminoguanidine anti-infectives, originally developed as antibacterial and antifungal agents, showed potent activity, with IC values as low as 2 μM. This potency was comparable to that observed with the tuberculosis drug candidate SQ109 and a series of its analogs.

Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Late Presentation in Nonsyndromic Sagittal Synostosis.

Our objective is to examine which sociodemographic factors may influence the time of presentation of patients with craniosynostosis, which can impact perioperative outcomes. Retrospective cohort study. Tertiary pediatric hospital.

A novel unified Inception-U-Net hybrid gravitational optimization model (UIGO) incorporating automated medical image segmentation and feature selection for liver tumor detection.

Segmenting liver tumors in medical imaging is pivotal for precise diagnosis, treatment, and evaluating therapy outcomes. Even with modern imaging technologies, fully automated segmentation systems have not overcome the challenge posed by the diversity in the shape, size, and texture of liver tumors. Such delays often hinder clinicians from making timely and accurate decisions.

Digital Storytelling Interventions to Promote Cancer Screening Among Hispanic/Latino Adults in Primary Care Settings.

Cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanic/Latino individuals, yet many do not complete cancer screenings due to systemic barriers. To address this issue, Rochester Healthy Community Partnership (RHCP) created "Stories for Change: La detección temprana puede salvar vidas" (S4C-cancer prevention). This digital storytelling intervention involved eight Hispanic/Latino cancer survivors or co-survivors who shared their experiences by creating 2-min videos.

Hepatorenal Syndrome: Updates on Definition, Classification, Pathophysiology and Treatment Options.

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a severe complication of advanced liver disease, characterized by renal dysfunction in the absence of intrinsic kidney disease. It is associated with high mortality, necessitating early recognition and prompt treatment. In this review, we summarize the latest in pathophysiology, diagnosis, classification and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome relevant to a consulting interventional radiologist.

Assessing the Impact of LeFort I Osteotomy on Velopharyngeal Function in Patients With Cleft Palate: Comparing Outcomes Based on Prior VPI Management.

Objective: Describe changes in symptoms of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI)-hypernasality, audible nasal emission, and VPI-related quality of life-following LeFort I osteotomy in individuals with cleft palate +/- cleft lip.

Design: Single-center, retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Twenty-one patients with a history of cleft palate repaired in infancy were included in this study.

A novel hybrid deep learning approach combining deep feature attention and statistical validation for enhanced thyroid ultrasound segmentation.

An effective diagnosis system and suitable treatment planning require the precise segmentation of thyroid nodules in ultrasound imaging. The advancement of imaging technologies has not resolved traditional imaging challenges, which include noise issues, limited contrast, and dependency on operator choices, thus highlighting the need for automated, reliable solutions. The researchers developed TATHA, an innovative deep learning architecture dedicated to improving thyroid ultrasound image segmentation accuracy.

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Creating a Superiorly Based Pharyngeal Flap: Is Prominence of C1 Superior Enough, and Will Adenoid Pad Be in the Way?

Background: Positioning the pharyngeal flap base high along the posterior pharyngeal wall is essential for optimizing speech outcomes. Objective data on where to place the flap base are lacking. Further, adenoid tissue can restrict cephalad positioning of the flap.

Cost-Utility Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies for Endemic SARS-CoV-2.

Importance: With shifting epidemiology and changes in the vaccine funding landscape, resource use considerations for COVID-19 vaccination programs are increasingly important.

Objective: To assess the cost effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination programs, where eligibility is defined by combinations of age and chronic medical conditions, including a strategy similar to current Canadian recommendations.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Static, individual-based, probabilistic cost-utility model economic evaluation parameterized with recent data describing COVID-19 epidemiology, vaccine characteristics, and costs.

Spatial control of secretory vesicle targeting by the Ync13-Rga7-Rng10 complex during cytokinesis.

Cytokinesis requires precise coordination of contractile-ring constriction, vesicle trafficking and fusion to the plasma membrane, and extracellular matrix assembly/remodeling at the cleavage furrow to ensure faithful cell division and maintain cell integrity. These processes and proteins involved are broadly conserved across eukaryotes, yet molecular mechanisms controlling the spatiotemporal pathways of membrane trafficking remain poorly understood. Here, using fission yeast genetics, microscopy, and in vitro binding assays, we identify a conserved module including the Munc13 protein Ync13, F-BAR protein Rga7, and coiled-coil protein Rng10 to be critical for precise and selective vesicle targeting during cytokinesis.

A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of breast density notification on anxiety, breast cancer worry, and perceived risk among Latinas at a federally qualified health center : Breast density notification and anxiety, breast cancer worry, and perceived risk among Latinas.

Background: Laws mandating that women be informed of mammographic breast density (MBD) with their mammogram results may increase anxiety. We report on changes in self-reported levels of anxiety, worry about developing breast cancer (BC), as well as perceived risk of BC resulting from three MBD notification methods: usual care (mailed notification letter), enhanced care (usual care with MBD educational brochure), or interpersonal care (enhanced care with promotora education), among a Latina population.

Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial of three MBD notifications was performed among Latina women aged 40 to 74 years receiving screening mammography at a federally qualified health center (FQHC).

Anti-Parasitics with a Triple Threat: Targeting Parasite Enzymes, the Proton Motive Force, and Host Cell-Mediated Killing.

We investigated the effects of the tuberculosis drug candidate SQ109 () and of its analog MeSQ109 () against in promastigote and amastigote forms and against host cell macrophages finding potent activity (1.7 nM) for MeSQ109 against the intracellular forms, as well as low toxicity (∼61 μM) to host cells, resulting in a selectivity index of ∼36,000. We then investigated the mechanism of action of MeSQ109, finding that it targeted parasite mitochondria, collapsing the proton motive force, as well as targeting acidocalcisomes, rapidly increasing the intracellular Ca concentration.

A Quarterly Multidisciplinary Craniofacial Operative Team Conference to Improve Surgical Outcomes and Adherence to Clinical Pathways: Does it Work?

Craniofacial surgery requires a multidisciplinary care approach in the perioperative period. In an effort to guide clinical decision making and standardize care, many institutions have implemented craniofacial surgical pathways, describing numerous variables to monitor and specific actions that must be completed by each involved discipline in the perioperative period. Adherence to these pathways can be challenging given the complexity of the protocol and the multiple disciplines involved.

Gemella sanguinis: A Rare Cause of Endocarditis in a Bicuspid Aortic Valve.

Here, we present a case of infective endocarditis (IE) caused by a pathogen that rarely causes human infection. The patient in this case was an otherwise healthy 50-year-old man who presented with gradually worsening shortness of breath, weight loss, fatigue, chills, and leg swelling for six weeks. He had no prior history of cardiac disease and had never used intravenous drugs, but he had undergone extensive dental work following a military-associated injury.

Activity of Carbazole, Aminoguanidine and Diamine Anti-infectives against .

We report the observation that carbazole anti-infectives developed as antibacterial and antifungal drug leads have activity against the tachyzoite-stage growth of the Apicomplexan parasite with IC values as low as 2 μM. We show that a phenylthiazole aminoguanidine with antibacterial as well as antifungal activity inhibits growth with an IC value of 2.1 μM.

Effectiveness of Breast Density Educational Interventions on Mammography Screening Adherence Among Underserved Latinas: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Latinas with mammographic dense breasts are at increased risk of breast cancer. This randomized controlled trial tests the effectiveness of three breast density (BD) educational approaches on adherence to subsequent mammography screening among Latinas receiving care at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC). Adherence was ascertained using electronic health record and survey responses.

Sangre Por Salud (SPS) Biobank: cohort profile.

Purpose: The Sangre Por Salud (SPS) Biobank was established to facilitate biomedical research opportunities for the Latino community by creating an easily accessible prospective cohort for scientists interested in studying health conditions and health disparities in this population.

Participants: Individuals self-identifying as Latino, aged 18-85 years, were prospectively recruited from the primary care Internal Medicine clinic at Mountain Park Health Center in Phoenix, Arizona. After obtaining informed consent, detailed medical history questionnaires were captured, and blood samples were obtained for common laboratory tests.

CICADA (UCX): A novel approach for automated breast cancer classification through aggressiveness delineation.

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with current classification and segmentation techniques often falling short in accurately distinguishing between benign and malignant cases. The study both emphasize the novel approach, CICADA (UCX), specifically designed for breast segmentation with a focus on delineating aggressiveness. While the title highlights segmentation, the abstract expands on this by detailing the model's effectiveness in enhancing diagnostic precision in classifying aggressive tumor characteristics.

Mechanistic Approach into 1,2,3-triazoles-based IIIM(S)-RS98 Mediated Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells.

Lung cancer is a major public health problem across the globe, since it is the second most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer fatalities. This necessitates careful assessment of current therapies for lung cancer and discovery of novel drug candidates. 1,2,3 triazole compounds have emerged as an important class of prospective chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of lung cancer, with promising anti-lung cancer activity shown via a variety of pathways.

Does Successful Surgical Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Aid in the Remediation of Compensatory Misarticulation Errors?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether successful surgical management of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) aids in the remediation of compensatory misarticulation errors (CMAs) among children with VPI and CMAs.

Method: Fourteen participants with VPI and use of CMAs from a larger study were included in this retrospective cohort study. The mean age at the time of preoperative evaluation was 8.

Management of Persistent Hypernasality After Pharyngeal Flap by Revision Palatoplasty With Use of MRI to Aid Surgical Decision Making.

Objective: Describe surgical decision making and outcomes in a series of patients with persistent VPI after pharyngeal flap placement that were all treated with revision palatoplasty.

Design: Retrospective, case series.

Participants: Five patients with nonsyndromic cleft palate and persistent hypernasality following a pharyngeal flap.

Machine Learning Optimization of Non-Kasha Behavior and of Transient Dynamics in Model Retinal Isomerization.

Designing a model of retinal isomerization in rhodopsin, the first step in vision, that accounts for both experimental transient and stationary state observables is challenging. Here, multiobjective Bayesian optimization is employed to refine the parameters of a minimal two-state-two-mode () model describing the photoisomerization of retinal in rhodopsin. The optimized retinal model predicts excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence spectra that closely align with experimentally observed non-Kasha behavior in the nonequilibrium steady state.

Evaluation of a Digital Home Weight Monitoring Program for Infants With Cleft Palate.

Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of a digital home monitoring program for infants with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L), compared to monitoring through in-person clinic visits.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: One metropolitan pediatric hospital.