Optimal Maintenance Strategy for Patients with Improved Left Ventricular Function Following Sacubitril/Valsartan Therapy.

: Optimal pharmacological treatment following left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improvement remains largely unknown. This study compared the clinical outcomes of patients with heart failure (HF) with improved EF (HFimpEF) based on the maintenance of sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) or transition to a renin-angiotensin system blocker (RASB). : A total of 354 patients with recovered LVEF of at least 40% after S/V treatment from a single center were retrospectively analyzed.

Clinical Relevance of Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Interevention According to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease.

Background: Fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided or angiography-guided complete revascularization has not been evaluated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with multivessel disease and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study sought to evaluate the impact of FFR-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with AMI with multivessel disease according to left ventricular systolic function.

Methods: We performed a prespecified analysis of the FRAME-AMI (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography-Guided Strategy in Acute Myocardial Infarction With Multivessel Disease) trial, which randomly allocated 562 patients to undergo either FFR-guided PCI (FFR ≤0.

Modulating Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Solid Tumors in Immunotherapy Trials: A Drug Interaction Analysis from a Phase 1 Unit.

Concurrent use of medications can modulate the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Although this interaction is well documented for immune checkpoint inhibitors, whether this occurs with new experimental compounds has not been evaluated. A computerized data extraction tool was used to collect clinical data and identify the prescription of a predefined set of medications within 30 days of immunotherapy infusion in the Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Generating Advancements in Longitudinal Analysis in X and Y Variations: Rationale, Methods, and Diagnostic Characteristics for the GALAXY Registry.

Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are a family of genetic disorders that result from an atypical number of X and/or Y chromosomes. SCAs are the most common chromosomal abnormality, affecting ~1/400 live births, yet are often underdiagnosed, leading to over-representation of more severely impacted individuals in many clinical studies. In addition to this ascertainment bias, existing work in SCAs has also been limited by low geographic and demographic diversity.

Comprehensive pediatric neurosurgical implant checklist to maintain low implant infection rates: lessons on compliance and institutional culture.

Objective: Implant infection is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality for children with hydrocephalus and other neurosurgical conditions requiring shunts and other neurosurgical implants. To standardize pediatric neurosurgical care and minimize the risk of infections related to implanted shunts and neurosurgical devices, the authors introduced a 23-point checklist for all pediatric neurosurgical implant procedures at Stanford University in March 2019. This protocol minimizes operating room traffic and standardizes sterile technique, preparation, and antibiotic use.

Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Presenting as Biventricular Failure After Heart Transplantation.

Background: The diagnosis of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is challenging because of its diverse clinical presentations.

Case Summary: A 65-year-old man, previously stable 61 months after heart transplantation for dilated cardiomyopathy, presented with biventricular failure and worsening dyspnea. Given the acute decline in graft function, acute rejection was suspected, and rejection therapy was initiated.

Phase Ib Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination with Intratumoral Injection of Clostridium novyi-NT in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.

Purpose: Intratumoral injection of Clostridium novyi-NT, lacking alpha toxin, germinates and subsequently replicates in the tumor hypoxic regions, causing cell lysis and inflammation. This phase 1b study investigated the safety and synergistic effects of pembrolizumab and C. novyi-NT in advanced solid tumors.

Association Between Vasoactive Inotropic Score and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Fulminant Myocarditis.

Background And Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) in patients with fulminant myocarditis according to the application of venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO).

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 417 patients with biopsy-proven or clinically suspected fulminant myocarditis from 7 hospitals in Korea. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death, heart transplantation, or the use of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) at 1 year.

Plinabulin following radiation enhances dendritic cell maturation and checkpoint inhibitor retreatment of relapsed/refractory cancers.

Background: Plinabulin exerts immunomodulatory activity through guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-H1 release from depolymerizing tubulin in the cytoskeleton, leading to dendritic cell (DC) activation. Preclinical studies demonstrated that irradiation potentiates plinabulin-induced DC maturation and, when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), triggers an abscopal antitumor response via increased tumor-infiltrating DCs and T cells.

Methods: A phase 1 translational study (NCT04902040) of plinabulin plus ICIs after radiation therapy (RT) initiation was conducted in ICI-relapsed/refractory cancers with primary (safety, tolerability, and objective tumor response rate) and secondary (disease control rate [DCR]) endpoints.

First-in-human phase 1 study of KHK2455 monotherapy and in combination with mogamulizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme-containing enzyme that degrades tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), which suppresses effector T cells and reduces antitumor activity. KHK2455 is a long-acting selective IDO1 inhibitor that blocks the heme component of the IDO holoenzyme. Mogamulizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody targeting CCR4.

A Phase I Study of the Anti-CEACAM6 Antibody Tinurilimab (BAY 1834942) in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.

Background: Tinurilimab is a humanized immunoglobulin G subclass 2 antibody that blocks carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6), an immune checkpoint regulator that is overexpressed in several tumor types.

Objectives: This phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tumor response profile of tinurilimab in patients with advanced solid tumors with a described expression of CEACAM6.

Patients And Methods: In this first-in-human, dose-escalation and dose-expansion study, tinurilimab was administered as a 1-h intravenous infusion in 21-day cycles at a starting dose of 2.

Molecular determinants of sotorasib clinical efficacy in KRAS-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer.

Molecular determinants of KRAS(G12C)inhibitor efficacy in KRAS-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain poorly characterized. Here we report one of the largest integrated analyses to date of sotorasib clinical efficacy biomarkers from the phase 2 CodeBreaK 100 and phase 3 CodeBreaK 200 studies. We reveal differential sotorasib activity and relative benefit compared to docetaxel across KRAS-mutated NSCLC co-mutational subsets and transcriptional subtypes.

Diet in adolescent and young adult patients with cancer and cancer survivors: a scoping review.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer may be at risk of poor nutrition while experiencing unique barriers to consuming healthful diets. Additionally, AYA cancer survivors are at increased risk of second neoplasms and adverse health sequelae. In this scoping review, we examined usual dietary behavior, tested dietary interventions, interest in nutrition, food insecurity and other barriers to healthful nutrition, in AYA patients with cancer and cancer survivors.

Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the female genital tract: Pathologic diagnosis, clinical outcomes, and novel therapeutics.

In 2016, McCluggage and colleagues first defined mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) of the uterus and extra-uterine sites. Following this initial description, the World Health Organization officially recognized MLA as a type of uterine and ovarian carcinoma and subsequent studies have further refined the morphologic definition, immunohistochemical profile, molecular underpinnings, and clinical behavior in this rare entity. A consortium of pathologists, gynecologic oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, as well as basic science collaborators with expertise in MLA was convened to develop consensus regarding the pathologic diagnosis, and to identify unanswered questions and priority areas for research.

Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Miscellaneous Rare Cancers: Results from a Phase 2 Basket Trial.

Introduction: Rare solid tumors account for one-quarter of cancers among adults in the United States, but few resources have been devoted to their treatment. We evaluated the efficacy of pembrolizumab, a programmed cell death-1 inhibitor, in patients with rare solid tumors.

Methods: We conducted a phase 2 basket trial that included patients with rare, advanced tumors.

Sex Differences in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Receiving Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Background And Objectives: Limited data are available on sex differences in clinical outcomes of patients with profound cardiogenic shock (CS) receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Therefore, our study sought to compare clinical pictures and outcomes between male and female patients treated with VA-ECMO.

Methods: A total of 1,328 patients receiving VA-ECMO were selected from either the Samsung Medical Center or a multicenter CS registry named the SMART RESCUE study.

Inhibitors of oncogenic Kras specifically prime CTLA4 blockade to transcriptionally reprogram Tregs and overcome resistance to suppress pancreas cancer.

Lack of sustained response to oncogenic Kras (Kras*) inhibition in preclinical models and patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) emphasizes the need to identify impactful synergistic combination therapies to achieve robust clinical benefit. Kras* targeting results in an influx of global T cell infiltrates including Tregs, effector CD8 T cells and exhausted CD8 T cells expressing several immune checkpoint molecules in PDAC. Here, we probe whether the T cell influx induced by diverse Kras* inhibitors open a therapeutic window to target the adaptive immune response in PDAC.

Efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion gastrointestinal cancer.

Background: Larotrectinib is the first-in-class, highly selective TRK inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy in various TRK fusion solid tumours. We report the efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.

Methods: Patients with TRK fusion GI cancer from NAVIGATE (NCT02576431) were included.

Treatment of c-MET Antibody-Drug Conjugate Asymptomatic Pneumonitis with a Novel Steroid Regimen in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a potent class of antineoplastic drugs that deliver cytotoxic agents via targeting with monoclonal antibodies; however, ADCs are associated with high rates of lung toxicities, limiting the therapeutic potential in many patients. We report a case of a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer taking the ADC telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso V) plus osimtertinib who developed ADC-induced pneumonitis despite clinical benefit. This patient was able to tolerate treatment for a prolonged period on a novel steroid regimen, using steroids when pneumonitis was asymptomatic but radiologically evident and as a daily suppressant.

Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure according to kidney function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction And Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors throughout the spectrum of kidney function in patients with heart failure (HF).

Methods: This meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials comparing SGLT2 inhibitors with placebo in patients with HF stratified by renal function. Literature from inception to June 8, 2024 was searched.

First-in-human, phase 1 dose escalation study of SL-279252, a hexameric PD1-Fc-OX40L fusion protein, in patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphoma.

SL-279252 is a bifunctional hexameric fusion protein adjoining the extracellular domains of PD-1 and OX40L via an inert IgG4 derived Fc domain. A Phase 1 dose escalation study was conducted in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. SL-279252 was administered intravenously across 12 dose levels (range: 0.

Microvascular Resistance Reserve and Prognosis After Heart Transplantation.

Background: Impaired microcirculatory function after heart transplantation is associated with increased risk for acute cellular rejection. Microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) is a novel index for assessing microcirculatory function, irrespective of epicardial coronary artery stenosis, but it has not been validated in transplanted hearts.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of MRR in heart transplantation.

Fusion-Positive Thyroid Carcinoma: From Diagnosis to Targeted Therapy.

Purpose: Neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase () fusions may act as an oncogenic driver in thyroid carcinomas. Given their low frequency, clinical, pathological, and molecular data on these patients and their responses to targeted therapies are limited.

Methods: This is an observational retrospective study conducted at a single high-volume cancer center in the United States.